For the last few years the wireless world has been bombarded daily with information about a new generation of radio frequency (RF) technologies that would profoundly impact, if not revolutionize, the way we live and contact our businesses.

Bluetooth technology has recently become more and morepopular among companies and personal users alike. Bluetooth technology is a wireless communications system intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices. Key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness, low power, and low cost. Many features of the Bluetooth Core Specification are optional, allowing product differentiation.

This article also gives an idea of how Bluetooth works and also its various applications. However with increasing research in this field we are also facing an equal amount of difficulties and problems.

Most people associate the term "Wi-Fi" with the ability to browse the Internet wirelessly. Though this definition isn't technically incorrect, there is so much more to Wi-Fi wireless technology than just browsing the Internet. Ten years ago, no one would have thought that it would be possible to listen to music from your basement computer on your entertainment system upstairs, or download songs to your Wi-Fi-enabled MP3 player, but Wi-Fi technology has made it possible to do not only these, but a host of other applications as well.

This article throws light in various advantages of using wifi and the reasons why its use increasing at such an alarming rate.

In this technological era technologies such as Bluetooth and wifi are increasingly taking over the going old ways of communicating. That time is not far when all such wired technologies will be replaced by wireless one.

Recent research in the field of wireless energy transfer has proved a lot to the upcoming world. Methods adopted by scientists over wireless energy transfer can be broadly distributed in the following types-Induction, Electromagnetic Transmission, Evanescent Wave Coupling, Electrodynamic Induction, Radio and Microwave, Electrostatic Induction. These methods usually involve the concept of electromagnetic induction and resonant frequencies. Putting these methods in appropriate manner helps us to put the principle to use, and help us to advance the economy.

The current technology in the field of wireless power transmission is ever advancing. At the frontier being microwave transmitter, it uses microwaves as the frequency range of choice for transmission. At present an efficiency of 76% is possible using current technology for microwave power transmission.  Others are using of Microwave Power Transmission in Solar Power Satellites (SPS). The field also attracts several experiments and demonstrations. The most famous being WriTricity conducted by the MIT, and intel`s demonstration. This technology contains the future of modern innovation. The future aspects include Power-Generating Solar Satellite Inhabitant and Third-Generation Wireless Power. Wireless power transmission of electrical power can be considered as a large scope in electrical engineering for future prospects of power generation and transfer. Solar power satellites are the future of supplying non-conventional energy. The various methods and aspects regarding wireless transmission of electrical power are discussed. The evolution of the technology from the time of Tesla has been overviewed.

(1) user-perceived technology maturity is a critical factor to and predict the use of mobile technology by mobile professionals; 

(2) mobile technology needs to be available in a broad variety of use-situations; (3) users require basic communication and productivity-related functionality, in particular to support non-routine and supervisory task profiles; and 

(4) mobile technology can have considerable impacts on the job performance and on the personal lives of its users. Our findings have implications for the design, and research of mobile information systems.

1.Engineers Garage - 

Bluetooth - Rose Mary

2. Crutchfield - Intodiction to Wifi - Ryan Steele

3. Wireless Technology - 

Alpna Doshi, Deloitte & Touche Management Consulting

4.www.bluetooth.com

5. www.inventors.com

6. PCWorld Article

7. Bluetooth technology and WiFi

Bluetooth wireless technology is built into billions of products, from cars and mobile phones to medical devices and computers and even forks and toothbrushes. Bluetooth technology allows you to share voice, data, music, photos, videos and other information wirelessly between paired devices.

2. When was Bluetooth technology invented?

In 1994 a group of engineers at Ericsson, a Swedish company, invented a wireless communication technology, later called Bluetooth. In 1998, the original group of Promoter companies—Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba and IBM—came together to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). Since no single company owns the technology, the SIG member companies work together to preserve, educate, and further Bluetooth technology as a means to bring devices into the connected world.

3. Where does the name Bluetooth come from?

The name "Bluetooth" comes from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blåtand or Harold Bluetooth in English. King Blåtand helped unite warring factions in parts of what are now Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Similarly, Bluetooth technology was created as an open standard to allow connectivity and collaboration between disparate products and industries.

4.How does Bluetooth technology differ from other radio technologies?

Mobile phones, FM radio and television all use radio waves to send information wirelessly. And while Bluetooth technology also uses radio waves, it transmits them over a shorter distance.

Radios and TV broadcasts over many miles or kilometers. Bluetooth technology sends information within your Personal Area Network or "PAN" (aka your own personal space) at distances up to 100 meters (328 feet)—depending upon device implementation. Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec.

Vic Hayes has been called the "father of Wi-Fi" because he chaired the IEEE committee that created the 802.11 standard in 1997. Before the public even heard of WiFi, Vic Hayes established the standards that would make WiFi feasible. The 802.11 standard was established in 1997. Subsequently, improvements to the network bandwidth were added to the 802.11 standard.

2. Why is wifi named so?

The term Wi-Fi, commercially used at least as early as August 1999,was coined by brand-consulting firm interband Corporation. The Wi-Fi Alliance had hired Interbrand to determine a name that was "a little catchier than 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence'". Phil Belanger, a founding member of the Wi-Fi Alliance who presided over the selection of the name "Wi-Fi" and also created the Wi-Fi logo.

3. Compare Bluetooth and Wifi.

a. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -.Frequency: Bluetooth works at 2.4GHz frequency while Wi-Fi based networks work at 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz .

b. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Data Transfer Rates: The latest additions to Bluetooth (Bluetooth 4.0) promises data transfer rates to be upto 25mbps while latest Wi-Fi version of Wi-Fi direct can reach upto 250mbps of data transferring rate. Earlier versions of Bluetooth were able to deliver data at 800 hops per second while Wi-Fi clocked up at speeds like 54mbps.

c. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Range: Maximum range for Bluetooth based wireless connections is 30m while for Wi-Fi, it can extend well upto 100m. In Wi-Fi, range depends on the version of Wi-Fi protocol applied and addition of antennas in the communication system while no such concerns of range or extra antenna are much known in Bluetooth.

d. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Devices Connected: In Bluetooth, upto 7 devices can be connected to each other (piconet) while in Wi-Fi, the maximum connections depend on Wi-Fi router which can accommodate 1 to several communicating devices at a time.

e. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Connection Complexity: Connecting two devices over Bluetooth is fairly simple as there is just a simple key matching process. On the other hand, connections concerning Wi-Fi need an expertise in configuration and security pass code matching process. This makes Wi-Fi connection process more complex than the Bluetooth ones.

f. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Security: Earlier versions of Bluetooth were encryption and even now Bluetooth security is limited to key matching. Whereas in Wi-Fi, the security standards have been raised with inclusion of new versions. Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) are two most used security accesses used in Wi-Fi with the former being less secure than the latter.

g. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Power Consumption: Able to works at longer distances and loaded with high quality security protocols makes Wi-Fi a more power consuming protocol than Bluetooth.

h. Bluetooth vs. WiFi -Applicative Scenario: Wi-Fi technology is more used in connecting computers to routers or internet gateways. Moreover, a number of electronic gadgets such as camera, gaming consoles, PDA’s etc. also make use of Wi-Fi to connect to each other or internet. Bluetooth, on the other hand, is used to connect peripherals to the computer. Computer keyboards, mouse, headsets etc. can be connected to the CPU using Bluetooth protocol.

§  Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a handsfree headset.

§  Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a Bluetooth compatible car stereo system.

§  Wireless control of and communication with tablets and speakers such as iOS and Android devices.

§  Wireless Bluetooth headset and Intercom. Idiomatically, a headset is sometimes called "a Bluetooth".

§  Wireless streaming of audio to headphones with or without communication capabilities.

§  Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required.

§  Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being the mouse, keyboard and printer.

§  Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices with OBEX.

§  For controls where infrared was often used.

§  For low bandwidth applications where higher USB bandwidth is not required and cable-free connection desired.

§  Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth-enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.

§  Wireless bridge between two Industrial Ethernet (e.g., PROFINET) networks.

§  Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone as a wireless modem.

§  Short range transmission of health sensor data from medical devices to mobile phone, set-top box or dedicated telehealth devices.

§  Allowing a DECT phone to ring and answer calls on behalf of a nearby mobile phone.

§  Real-time location systems (RTLS), are used to track and identify the location of objects in real-time using “Nodes” or “tags” attached to, or embedded in the objects tracked, and “Readers” that receive and process the wireless signals from these tags to determine their locations.

§  Personal security application on mobile phones for prevention of theft or loss of items. The protected item has a Bluetooth marker (e.g., a tag) that is in constant communication with the phone. If the connection is broken then an alarm is raised.

§  Calgary, Alberta, Canada's Roads Traffic division uses data collected from travelers' Bluetooth devices to predict travel times and road congestion for motorists.

§  Wireless transmission of audio

What were the origins of wireless energy?

The origins of wireless energy transfer dates back to centuries ago when micheal faraday discovered how electric and magnetic and mechanical energy are interrelated. He was followed by scores if other scientists like James Maxwell, Heinrich Rudolf, the gretest pioneer of them being Nikola Tesla.

What were the contributions made by Nikola Tesla in the field?

 Nikola Tesla was the greatest of all scientists. He, as people say had devised a mechanism to transmit electricity to an entire city without wires. He had a successful demonstration of his concept but could never succeed in his work due to lack of funding. Nevertheless, he had made a strong foundation for the later generations to work upon.

What is the scope of wireless energy in our future?

Wireless energy is said to change our future into an entirely new dimension.it will reduce the size of electronics and we could receive power any corner in the world.

What are the current innovations in this field?

A cellular phone network uses a number of short-range radio transmitter-receivers to communicate simultaneously with many mobile phones.

What is Iden?

Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone.Data Communications

When was mobile technology first used?

During the early 1940s, Motorola developed a backpacked two-way radio, the Walkie-Talkie and later developed a large hand-held two- way radio for the US military. This battery powered “Handie-Talkie” (HT) was about the size of a man’s forearm.

What are the issues related to cell phones?

Mobile phone radiation and health concerns have been raised, because mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range

1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xv9dRENgDoc-youtube link

2https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk

3www.gizmag.com

4www.infoworld.com/category

5www.mobile-technologies.com

6www.strategicgrowthconcepts.com

7www.digit.in

Wireless network carriers use a system of areas or "cells“ served by radio communications• The signal footprint of each radio antenna defines the location and size of its cell.• As the mobile phone moves, the call is dropped by the cell being exited and simultaneously picked up by the cell being entered.• The antennas can be mounted on freestanding towers, poles,• Radio signals can be blocked by trees, buildings, hills and valleys,• A consumer needs two things to use a mobile phone: a handset (or mobile communications device) And a phone service plan from a wireless network carrier or service provider

How MMS Works• ?

MMS messages are delivered using a combination of SMS and WAP (wireless Application Protocol) technologies.• When a mobile phone receives an MMS message,• what it is actually receiving is an MMS notification message which it receives over SMS.• This MMS notification message contains header information about the MMS message,• This URL pointer is a dynamically generated URL for the MMS message content which is stored on the MMSC.• The sending phone initiates a data connection that provides TCP/IP network connectivity, usually over GPRS (General packet radio service).• The sending phone performs an HTTP POST to an MMSC of the MMS message encoding in the MMS Encapsulation Format,• The MMSC receives the MMS message submission and validates the message sender.• The MMSC stores the content of the MMS message and makes it available as a dynamically generated URL link.• The MMSC generates an MMS notification message, which is sent via WAP Push over SMS to the message recipients). This MMS notification message contains a URL pointer to the dynamically generated MMS content.• The recipient receives the MMS notification message

How Cell Phone Viruses Work ?

INTRODUCTION The first known cell-phone virus appeared in 2004 Cabir.A infected only a small number of Bluetooth- enabled phonesMost CommonViruses THE DAMAGE DONECabir.A sit in the phone and try to spread itself.Skulls.A might access and/or delete all of theCommwarrior.A contact information and calendar entries inLocknut.B phone.Fontal. A send an infected MMS message to every number in phone book and MMS messages delete or lock up certain phone applications

Mobile technology is exactly what the name implies - technology that is portable. Examples of mobile IT devices include:

• laptop, tablets and netbook computers
• 'smart phones'
• global positioning system (GPS) devices
• wireless debit/credit card payment terminals

Mobile devices can be enabled to use a variety of communications technologies such as:

• wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) - a type of wireless local area network technology
• Bluetooth - connects mobile devices wirelessly
• 'third generation' (3G), 'fourth generation' (4G), global system for mobile communications (GSM) and general packet radio service (GPRS) data services - data networking services for mobile phones
• dial-up services - data networking services using modems and telephone lines
• virtual private networks - secure access to a private network

It is therefore possible to network the mobile device to a home office or the internet while travelling.

Advantages of mobile technologies

Mobile computing can improve the service you offer your customers. For example, when meeting with customers you could access your customer relationship management system - over the internet - allowing you to update customer details whilst away from the office. Alternatively, you can enable customers to pay for services or goods without having to go to the till. For example, by using a wireless payment terminal diners can pay for their meal without leaving their table.

More powerful solutions can link you directly into the office network while working off site, for instance to access your database or accounting systems. For example, you could:

• set up a new customer's account
• check prices and stock availability
• place an order online

This leads to great flexibility in working - for example, enabling home working, or working while travelling. Increasingly, networking 'hot spots' are being provided in public areas that allow connection back to the office network or the internet. The growth of cloud computing has also impacted positively on the use of mobile devices, supporting more flexible working practices by providing services over the internet. For more information see our guide on cloud computing.

Disadvantages of mobile technologies

There are costs involved in setting up the equipment and training required to make use of mobile devices. Mobile IT devices can expose valuable data to unauthorised people if the proper precautions are not taken to ensure that the devices, and the data they can access, are kept safe. See our guide on securing your wireless systems.

INDUCTIVE CHARGING- It uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. 

WREL- Wireless Resonant Energy Link is a form of wireless resonant energy transfer technology developed by Intel.

RELAY-

Mobile technology will see a revolution when it can be charged from anywhere in the world and energy distribution for commercial purposes will become a lot easier.

2.  Infringements : the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation.

3. Audiophile : Person who loves and collects high-quality audio equipment.

4. Copyleft : Opposite of copyright. Whereas copyright imposes restrictions on the distribution of a work or publication, copyleft eliminates restrictions and allows freedom of use for all.

5. Hyperconnected : To be able to communicate and be instantly reachable through multiple devices with Internet connectivity (smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc.).

In my opinion, our team has the quality of relaying each and every data about WIRELESS TECHNOLO in the most simplest form and making it readable from a layman view-point.

We achieved this by providing various articles, books, images, and videos depicting the History, Development, and Applications of our respective topics.

After a lot of debate and discussion, the group finally arrived at a common opinion, that, Wireless Energy Transfer will be of great help to the humanity in the future. As the name suggests, it will considerably reduce the requirement of material and help us in further compacting the technology.It will reduce our dependability on the power resources. and will allow us to reach far out in the word

Mobile technology will see a revolution when it can be charged from anywhere in the world and energy distribution for commercial purposes will become a lot easier.

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