Tips of vibration analysis in grinding machines

When precision dies grinding, it is very difficult to solve the problem of vibration of the grinding machine. Because the vibration of the machine tool directly affects the effect of the dies processing. For example, the surface finish is poor.

If it is precision molding grinding such as plug-in connector molds or cutting grooves, it cannot be dressed because of the vibration of the machine. Because sometimes the grinding wheel needs to be dressed to a thickness of 0.1-0.13mm, if there are unstable factors of the vibration of the grinding machine, the grinding wheel exploded. So how do we deal with the vibration of the surface grinder?

How to Reduce the Effect of Vibration in Grinding Wheel

First, check the flat of the ground, if the level of the anchor screw is not adjusted, it will cause the machine to resonate. Because sometimes the ground level of the processing site is not very good, so adjust the horizontal screw to make the machine reach the level of height. First, we need to check whether every screw of the foot is put into place on the floor mat.

Secondly, if the above actions are carried out, the vibration is still not eliminated. We should check whether the ground floor is empty, if the ground is terrazzo or floorboard, it will be relatively strong. If it is cement ground, the ground will be empty and cause resonance. How to deal with this situation? Don’t worry, go to the rubber hardware store to buy several black rubber pads with a thickness of 6-10mm and a size of 10cm. And the size of the floor mat is slightly larger. Loosen the anchor screw and put the rubber pad under the horizontal foot mat, which can reduce the vibration.

Thirdly, if the above actions are taken and the vibration is still not eliminated, we should check the problems of the grinding wheel and flanges fixed by the grinding wheel.
First is the grinding wheel. The quality of the grinding wheel on the market is not the same. Two factors affect the vibration of the grinding wheel.

One is that the grain size of the grinding wheel is not uniform, and the center of gravity is unstable when it is rotated. The other is that the inner hole is not standard and too large. For example, the grinding machine flange hole diameter is 31.75mm, but the grinding wheel hole diameter is 32mm, it will cause a vibration when it is fixed on the grinding machine. So we should ask the specifications when purchasing the grinding wheel. It is suggested that we should buy a better grinding wheel.

Firstly, it will affect the processing effect.

Secondly, it is dangerous to crack and explode during the grinding process.

Thirdly, the poor balance of the grinding wheel will seriously affect the life of the grinding spindle. For the flange, everyone will think of the proofreading balance, in fact, the flange of the small precision hand grinder is not to be balanced. If there is vibration, it may be the above reasons. Try another wheel, or if the flange is not balanced, then load the balance block, then remove the balance block and install it. If not, change one new flange.

Fourthly is the environment. It is impossible to place the machine tool with large vibration such as a punching machine or lathe near the same working site of the precision surface grinder. It is easy to cause resonance.

How to judge? It is very simple. You should need to stop the grinding machine and start the punching machine or lathe. And touch the grinding machine, you feel the vibration, that is affected. The treatment method is to separate the workshop.

Fifthly, if the above series of actions still fail to eliminate the vibration, it may not be the scope that you can handle. It may be that the spindle of the grinding machine has a long time to vibrate itself, the inner bearing or the motor is broken, or it may be the problem of the structure of the machine tool and the assembly, should notify the manufacturer to deal with it.

In the case of vibration analysis in grinding machines, we should eliminate faults step by step from simple rectification measures to complex rectification measures, saving manpower and time costs.

This paper lists 6 polishing methods, matters to pay attention during the polishing process and the main factors affecting the polishing quality.

When polishing, usually use rough honing stone for rough polishing to the surface of the cavity of the machined mold, remove the knife marks, and then use the fine grit mold polishing stones, and then use fine-grit sandpaper for polishing the surface. Finally, the diamond paste is used to finish the final polishing of the cavity surface of the mold, achieving the mirror effect.

Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that obtains a smooth surface by cutting and plastic deformation of the material surface to remove the polished protrusions. Usually, stones, wool wheels, sandpaper, etc. are applied and mainly for manual operation. Special parts such as the surface of the rotating body can be polished by auxiliary tools such as turntables with an ultra-precise polishing method for high surface quality requirements. The ultra-precise grinding polishing adopts a special grinding tool and pressed against the surface of the workpiece for high-speed rotation in the polishing liquid containing abrasives. It can achieve the surface roughness of Ra0.008μm by the technology. Optical lens molds often applied this method.

 

Chemical polishing is to make the surface of the material microscopically convex in the chemical medium dissolve preferentially, obtaining the smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that it does not require complex equipment, can polish workpieces with complex shapes, and can polish many workpieces at the same time with high efficiency. The core problem of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing liquid. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is usually 10μm.

 

The basic principle of electropolishing is the same as chemical polishing, that is, the surface is smooth by selectively dissolving the tiny protrusions on the surface of the material. Compared with chemical polishing, it can eliminate the effect of cathode reaction, and the effect is better.

The electropolishing process is divided into 2 steps:

 

 

Put the workpiece in the abrasive suspension and together put in the ultrasonic field, and make the abrasive polished on the surface of the workpiece by the ultrasonic vibration. Ultrasonic machining has a small macro force and does not cause deformation of the workpiece, but the production and installation of the fixture is difficult. Ultrasonic machining can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration is applied to stir the solution to dissolve the dissolved products on the surface of the workpiece, and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface is uniform. The cavitation of ultrasonic waves in the liquid can also suppress the corrosion process and facilitate the surface brightening.

 

 

Fluid polishing relies on high speed flowing liquid and abrasive grains to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing. Common methods are abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, hydrodynamic grinding and etc.

Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure so that the liquid medium carrying abrasive grains flows back and forth across the workpiece surface at high speed. The medium is mainly made of special compounds (polymer-like substances) that flow through under low pressure and mixed with abrasives. The abrasives can be silicon carbide powder.

 

 

Magnetic grinding and polishing are that forming abrasive brushes under the action of a magnetic field by magnetic abrasives for grinding workpieces. This method features high processing efficiency, good quality, easy control of processing conditions and good working conditions. The surface roughness can reach Ra0.1μm with suitable abrasives.

 

 

Before changing the different types of sandpaper, should wipe the polishing surface with a cleaning solution such as 100% cotton and alcohol, because a small grain left on the surface will destroy the entire polishing process. The cleaning process is equally important when changing from sandpaper polishing to diamond paste polishing. All grains and kerosene should be completely cleaned before polishing continues.

In order to avoid scratching and burning the surface of the workpiece, you should be careful when polishing with 1200# and 1500# sandpaper. When polishing with each type of sandpaper, polishing should be performed twice in two different directions, with each rotation between 45 ° and 90 °.

 

To make this easier, a thin and narrow handle can be made on the wooden stick, such as adding a copper piece or cut a part of the bamboo stick to make it softer. This can help to control the polishing pressure to ensure that the mold surface pressure is not too high.

 

 

 

Because mechanical mold polishing is mainly done manually, polishing technology is still the main reason that affects the quality of polishing. In addition, it is also related to the mold materials, the surface condition before polishing, and the heat treatment process. High-quality steel is a prerequisite for obtaining good polishing quality. If the surface hardness of the steel is uneven or the features are different, it is difficult for polishing. It is not good for polishing if there are various inclusions and pores in the steel.

 

It is more difficult to grind for the surface after EDM than surface after ordinary machining or heat treatment, so EDM dressing should be done before the EDM, otherwise the surface will form a hardened layer.

If the EDM dressing rules are not chosen properly, the depth of the heat-affected layer can be up to 0.4mm. The hardness of the hardened thin layer is higher than that of the matrix and must be removed. Therefore, it is best to add a rough grinding process to completely remove the damaged surface layer to form an average rough metal surface, which provides a good basis for polishing.

In conclusion, in the actual mold polishing process, we should choose an appropriate polishing method, and improve the operator’s technical level, and successfully complete the polishing operation.

Here are 6 problems that cannot be ignored from the perspective of the tool itself, grinding equipment, testing equipment, grinding standards, and grinding mechanics.

 

Tool materials in tool regrinding are high-speed steel, powder metallurgy high-speed steel, tungsten carbide, PCD, CBN, cermet and other superhard materials. High-speed steel cutter feature sharp and tough. Tungsten carbide tools have high hardness but poor toughness. The density of the tungsten carbide tool is larger than that of a high-speed cutter. They are the main materials of drill bits, reamers, milling cutters, and taps. The performance of powder metallurgy high-speed steel is between the above two materials, mainly used for manufacturing rough milling cutters and taps.

Because the precision of high-speed steel tools is relatively low, and the regrinding requirements are not high, and the price is not high, so many manufacturers have their own tool workshop to repair them. However, tungsten carbide often needs to be sent to the professional grinding center. According to the statistics of some tool grinding centers in China, more than 80% of the tools sent for repair are tungsten carbide tools.

 

Since the tool materials are very hard, it is usually possible to change the shapes by grinding. There are several types of tool grinding machines in the manufacture and regrinding of the tool.

Grinding wheels with different materials are suitable for grinding tools made by different materials. The grain size of abrasive required for different parts of the tool is also different to ensure the best combination of cutting edge protection and processing efficiency.

Alumina: for HSS tools. The grinding wheel is cheap and easy to true to different shapes and for grinding complex tools( fused alumina).

Silicon carbide: used for truing CBN and diamond grinding wheels.

CBN grinding wheel(cubic boron carbide): for HSS tools. high price but durable.

Internationally, the grinding wheel is represented by B, such as B107, which represents the grain diameter of abrasive.

Diamond grinding wheel: used for grinding HM tools, high price but durable

The grinding wheel is represented by D, such as D64, which represents the grain diameter of abrasive.

 

3.2 Shape

In order to grind the different parts of the tool, the grinding wheel should have different shapes.

Plane grinding wheel(1A1): for grinding top angle, outer diameter, back, and etc.

Disc grinding wheel(12V9, 11V9): for grinding spiral groove, main and auxiliary cutting edges of milling cutter, trimming chisel edge and etc.

After a period of usage, the grinding wheels need to be trued( including plane, angle and fillet R).

 

 

Whether or not you have a grinding standard of the tool is a measure of whether the grinding center is professional. In the grinding standard, it regulars the technical parameters of cutting edge of the different tools when cutting different materials, including cutting edge inclination angle, apex angle, rake angle, rear angel, reverse edge, chamfering and etc.

 

The difference between HM drill bit and HSS drill bit:

HSS drill bit: The apex angle is usually 118, sometimes more than 130. The cutting edge is sharp. The precision( edge height difference, symmetry, circumferential runout) is relatively low. There are many ways to true the chisel edge.

HM drill bit: The apex angle is usually 140, the drill for the straight groove is usually 130, and the three-edged drill is usually 150. The edge and the tip( on the edge) are not sharp and are often passivated, or called inverted and chamfered. They require high precision. The chisel edge is often trued into an S-shape for chip breaking.

 

Rear angle:

The rear angle of the edge is very important for the tool. The rear angle is too large, the edge is easy to smash. When the rear angle is too small, the friction is too large and the cutting is unfavorable.

 

The rear angle of the tool varies with the material being cut, type of tool, and the diameter of the tool. In general, the rear angle decreases as the diameter of the tool increases. In addition, if the material to be cut is hard, the rear angle is smaller, otherwise, the rear angle is larger.

 

Tool inspection equipment has 3 types, toolset, projector and universal tool measuring instrument. The tool setting instrument is mainly used for tool setting( such as length) of CNC equipment such as the machining center. It is also used for inspecting parameters such as angle, radius, and step length. The projector is also used for inspecting parameters such as angle, radius, and step length. However, the above two usually cannot measure the rear angle of the tool. The universal tool measuring instrument can measure most of the geometry of the tool, including the rear angle.

Therefore, the tool professional grinding center should be equipped with a universal tool measuring instrument.

 

The best equipment also requires personnel to operate, and the training of the grinding technician is one of the most critical aspects. Strengthen the skills training for mechanics and improve the grinding skills of mechanics.

Conclusion

In the actual tool and cutting grinding process, these 6 factors complement each other, and anyone of the links may indeed lead to poor tool grinding quality, we should pay attention to it.

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The instantaneous temperature of the grinding is too high and concentrated on the part of the surface layer of the workpiece, which will cause the local change in the metallographic structure of the surface layer of the workpiece. This change is called grinding burn. The burn will cause the mechanical performance of the surface layer of the workpiece to decrease, mainly to reduce the hardness and wear resistance of the workpiece.

Ordinary cooling method

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The instantaneous temperature of the grinding is too high and concentrated on the part of the surface layer of the workpiece, which will cause the local change in the metallographic structure of the surface layer of the workpiece. This change is called grinding burn. The burn will cause the mechanical performance of the surface layer of the workpiece to decrease, mainly to reduce the hardness and wear resistance of the workpiece.

Ordinary cooling method

STONE 5 inch TFT display module, STWI050WT-01 touch screen for Beauty equipment LCD, 800x480 LCD Display For Medical Equipment

 

STONE 15 inch lcd display -30℃/+80℃ temp graphic lcd display Compatible with Arduino and Raspberry Pi STM32, suitable for industrial mechanical equipment HMI touch screen

Using STONE serial touch screen portable monitor, the hardware department decided to use NXP’s 32-bit microprocessor chip as the whole machine monitoring, ECG analysis, control center, by ECG bioelectricity acquisition amplification, right leg drive, import MIT ECG database to do an algorithm, but also monitor SpO2 sensor electrical signal, blood pressure, respiratory electrical signal amplification, and filtering processing, through high-speed baud rate communication, drive STONE serial touch screen to display waveform and parameter changes in real-time, and compare with a reference value to make a judgment, and monitor and alarm the changes of human body parameters. If there is a range deviation, it automatically issues voice prompts.

The new version of the STONE serial touch screen perfectly supports curve depiction and display, the communication protocol is simple and easy to remember, microcontroller engineers can use it after reading the manual, there are many examples of drivers in the command set, directly copied to modify the name and parameters can be used. Serial connection is simple, you can use the official adapter board, whether it is a direct serial connection or USB to serial, it is very convenient and easy to use.  The monitor displays multiple groups of vital parameters at the same time, especially 3 curves that are dynamically drawn and displayed at the same time very smoothly, and should be able to draw more groups of curve graphics at the same time, you can try as needed. Of course, the command set curve function has an example of multiple data pushed at the same time, but the actual use of the current hardware does not respond, I hope the official can be optimized as soon as possible. It may also be solved by updating the firmware. For this new version of the drawing curve function, I first tried how can not be tuned out, and finally learned that the serial screen has a new firmware, brushed the new firmware to see the “real face of the mountain”. Seeing the smooth ECG curve coming out of the serial screen with the firmware brushed, the mood is happy, huh ……

The design picture of this project is shown in Figure (1).  The interface is based on a STWI101WT-01 serial screen with 1024*600 resolution, the left side shows 2/3 of the waveform curve and the right 1/3 shows the value.

This article will focus on the creation and depiction of the curve chart view. It is completely according to the production process of the project demo, with no classification, maybe you feel messy, but it is the real process of real development.

 

Figure (1) Project Design Expected Interface

This demo simulates a 75bpm heart rate, which is equivalent to an 800ms heartbeat, i.e. one point every 40ms, one cycle every 20 points, based on the whole chart view control X axis divided into 100 equal parts, 4s waveform per screen, screen refresh rate 25Hz, looks very smooth. The line series element of this chart view control is set to smooth = false (ECG waveform is sharp), the lower envelope is not displayed, and the point marker is not displayed. area. Here see Figure (4), min = 0, max = 140 for the Y axis, the maximum value given in the program is 130, and the range is relatively full. See Figure (2) – Figure (7) for other parameters, which are set for chart view1 and its elements X axis1, Yaxis2, bar series1, and line series1. We choose transparent rgba (0,0,0,0) for the bg color of the chart view control, which reveals the base color (black), and other controls, such as view, have the same characteristics.

STONE 4.3 inch embedded lcd display with controller + program + touch screen hmi + UART serial interface for Arduino Raspberry pi ESP32 ESP8266 STM32
Using STONE serial touch screen portable monitor, the hardware department decided to use NXP’s 32-bit microprocessor chip as the whole machine monitoring, ECG analysis, control center, by ECG bioelectricity acquisition amplification, right leg drive, import MIT ECG database to do an algorithm, but also monitor SpO2 sensor electrical signal, blood pressure, respiratory electrical signal amplification, and filtering processing, through high-speed baud rate communication, drive STONE serial touch screen to display waveform and parameter changes in real-time, and compare with a reference value to make a judgment, and monitor and alarm the changes of human body parameters. If there is a range deviation, it automatically issues voice prompts.

The new version of the STONE serial touch screen perfectly supports curve depiction and display, the communication protocol is simple and easy to remember, microcontroller engineers can use it after reading the manual, there are many examples of drivers in the command set, directly copied to modify the name and parameters can be used. Serial connection is simple, you can use the official adapter board, whether it is a direct serial connection or USB to serial, it is very convenient and easy to use.  The monitor displays multiple groups of vital parameters at the same time, especially 3 curves that are dynamically drawn and displayed at the same time very smoothly, and should be able to draw more groups of curve graphics at the same time, you can try as needed. Of course, the command set curve function has an example of multiple data pushed at the same time, but the actual use of the current hardware does not respond, I hope the official can be optimized as soon as possible. It may also be solved by updating the firmware. For this new version of the drawing curve function, I first tried how can not be tuned out, and finally learned that the serial screen has a new firmware, brushed the new firmware to see the “real face of the mountain”. Seeing the smooth ECG curve coming out of the serial screen with the firmware brushed, the mood is happy, huh ……

The design picture of this project is shown in Figure (1).  The interface is based on a STWI101WT-01 serial screen with 1024*600 resolution, the left side shows 2/3 of the waveform curve and the right 1/3 shows the value.

This article will focus on the creation and depiction of the curve chart view. It is completely according to the production process of the project demo, with no classification, maybe you feel messy, but it is the real process of real development.

 

Figure (1) Project Design Expected Interface

This demo simulates a 75bpm heart rate, which is equivalent to an 800ms heartbeat, i.e. one point every 40ms, one cycle every 20 points, based on the whole chart view control X axis divided into 100 equal parts, 4s waveform per screen, screen refresh rate 25Hz, looks very smooth. The line series element of this chart view control is set to smooth = false (ECG waveform is sharp), the lower envelope is not displayed, and the point marker is not displayed. area. Here see Figure (4), min = 0, max = 140 for the Y axis, the maximum value given in the program is 130, and the range is relatively full. See Figure (2) – Figure (7) for other parameters, which are set for chart view1 and its elements X axis1, Yaxis2, bar series1, and line series1. We choose transparent rgba (0,0,0,0) for the bg color of the chart view control, which reveals the base color (black), and other controls, such as view, have the same characteristics.

Grinding Wheels Series: diamond grinding wheels, CBN grinding wheels,

Honing Tools Series: honing sticks/honing stones,honing mandrels,honing heads,

Superhard Coated Abrasives Series: sanding belts, abrasive flap discs, abrasive wheels,

Optical Glass Processing Tools Series: various grinding wheels and diamond pellets.

If you are interested in our products, please email us. We are sincerely looking forward to cooperate with you. 

info@superabrasivetools.com

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Capacitive touch screens and resistive touch screens are mainly different in touch sensitivity, precision, cost, multi-touch feasibility, damage resistance, cleaning, and visual effect under sunlight.

Touch Sensitivity

1. Resistive touch screen: all layers of the screen are in contact with pressure. Fingers (even with gloves on), fingernails, and stylus can be used for the operation. Stylus support is important in The Asian market, where gesture and word recognition are valued.

2. Capacitive touch: The slightest touch from the surface of a charged finger activates the capacitive sensing system at the bottom of the screen. Inanimate objects, fingernails, and gloves are invalid. Handwriting recognition is more difficult.

gui design sofaware

gui design sofaware

https://www.stoneitech.com/
Capacitive touch screens and resistive touch screens are mainly different in touch sensitivity, precision, cost, multi-touch feasibility, damage resistance, cleaning, and visual effect under sunlight.

Touch Sensitivity

1. Resistive touch screen: all layers of the screen are in contact with pressure. Fingers (even with gloves on), fingernails, and stylus can be used for the operation. Stylus support is important in The Asian market, where gesture and word recognition are valued.

2. Capacitive touch: The slightest touch from the surface of a charged finger activates the capacitive sensing system at the bottom of the screen. Inanimate objects, fingernails, and gloves are invalid. Handwriting recognition is more difficult.

Precision

1. Resistive touch screen: the accuracy is at least as high as a single display pixel, which can be seen with a stylus.Easy handwriting recognition and easy to operate in an interface that USES small control elements.

2. Capacitive touch screen: the theoretical accuracy can reach several pixels, but it is actually limited by the contact area of fingers. It is difficult for users to accurately click on targets less than 1cm2.

The Cost Of Resistive Touch Screens & Capacitive Touch Screen

1. Resistive touch screens: They’re cheap.

2. Capacitive touch: Capacitor screens from different manufacturers are 10% to 50% more expensive than resistive screens. This extra cost is fine for flagship products, but maybe prohibitive for mid-priced phones.

The Loss Of Resistance

1. Resistive touch screen: The fundamental characteristics of the resistive screen determine that the top is soft and can be pressed down. This makes the screen very easy to scratch. Resistance screens require protective film and relatively frequent calibration. On the plus side, resistive touchscreen devices that use plastic are generally less vulnerable to breakage.

2. Capacitive touch screen: glass can be used for the outer layer. While not indestructible and likely to break under severe impact, glass is better for everyday scratches and smudges.

Clean

1. Resistive touch screen: It is less likely to leave fingerprints, oil stains, and bacteria on the screen because it can be operated with a stylus or fingernail.

2. Capacitive touch: Use your entire finger, but the glass is easier to clean.

Environmental Adaptability

1. Resistance touch screen: the specific value is unknown. But there is evidence that the Nokia5800, which USES resistive screens, can operate normally at temperatures from -15°C to +45°C, with little requirement for humidity.

2. Capacitive touch screen: The typical operating temperature is between 0° and 35°, requiring at least 5% humidity (operating principle).

See In The Sun

1. Resistive touch screens: Usually bad, with extra layers reflecting a lot of sunlight.

2. The capacitive touch screen utilizes the human body’s current induction to work. The capacitive touch screen is a four-layer composite glass screen. The inner surface and interlayer of the glass screen are each coated with a layer of ITO(coated conductive glass). The outermost layer is a thin layer of silica glass protective layer.

When the finger touches the metal layer, the electric field of the human body, the user, and the surface of the touch screen form a coupling capacitance. For high-frequency currents, the capacitance is a direct conductor, so the finger draws a small amount of current from the contact point. The current flows from the electrodes at the four corners of the touch screen, and the current flowing through the four electrodes is proportional to the distance between the fingers and the four corners. The controller calculates the exact proportion of these four currents to obtain the position information of the touchpoints.

For now, you can choose the right screen for your application scenario. Both resistive and capacitive screens are very delicate, so we need to take good care of them.

Beijing STONE Technology Co., Ltd. focuses on the industrial display screen, Industrial touch screen product development and manufacturing, products are widely used in medical equipment, industrial equipment, automation, civil equipment and smart home, and other application fields.

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Firstly, the relationship between inclusion and inclusion is analyzed from the technical point of view.

GUI=Graphical User Interface is used to help users interact with machines after the appearance of computers.

Graphical User Interface (GUI, for short) is a Graphical display of computer operation User Interface. Graphical interfaces were more visually acceptable to users than the command-line interfaces used in early computers. Such an interface, however, would require more computing power to “alert the user” to changes in the state with a variety of beautiful, non-monotonous visual messages at specific locations on the screen than would be required for a simple message presentation.

A graphical user interface (GUI) is a human-computer interface display format that allows users to use an input device, such as a mouse, to manipulate on-screen ICONS or menu options to select commands, invoke files, launch programs, or perform some other everyday tasks. A graphical user interface has many advantages over a character interface that performs routine tasks by typing text or character commands through a keyboard. Graphical user interface by the window, drop-down menus, dialog boxes, and corresponding control mechanism, in a variety of new applications, are standardized, namely, the same action is always in the same way, in a graphical user interface, the user sees and operations are graphics object, the application of computer graphics technology.

With the rapid development of China’s IT industry, mobile communication industry, and home appliance industry, the development level of product human-computer interaction interface design lags behind day by day, which undoubtedly plays a restrictive role in improving the comprehensive quality of the industry and enhancing the competitiveness with the international counterparts.

The wide application of GUI is one of the great achievements of computer development. It greatly facilitates the use of non-professional users. People no longer need to memorize a large number of commands but can use Windows, menus, keys, and other ways to operate easily. Embedded GUI has the following basic requirements: lightweight, occupying fewer resources, high performance, high reliability, easy to transplant, configurable, and so on.

UI=User Interface refers to the overall design of human-computer interaction, operation logic, and beautiful Interface of the software. UI design is divided into entity UI and virtual UI, the Internet said UI design is virtual UI, UI is User Interface(User Interface) abbreviation. Good UI design is not only to make the software become personalized and tasteful, but also to make the operation of the software become comfortable, simple, and free, and fully reflect the positioning and characteristics of the software.

Accordingly, the functions of UI designers generally include three aspects: one is graphic design, product “appearance” design of software products. The second is interaction design, mainly in the design of software operation process, tree structure, operation specifications, etc. What a software product needs to do before coding is interaction design, and establishing interaction model and interaction specification. The third is user testing/research. The so-called “testing” here aims to test the rationality of the interaction design and the aesthetics of the graphic design, mainly by measuring the rationality of the UI design in the form of a questionnaire for the target users.

Research interface: Graphic UI Designer

Most UI workers in China are engaged in this industry, and they are product appearance designers who understand software products and are committed to improving the user experience of the software.

Human and Interface: Interaction Designer

Before graphical interfaces were invented, UI designers were interaction designers for a long time. The interaction designer’s job is to design the software operation flow, the tree structure, the software structure and operation specification (SPEC), etc. What a software product needs to do before coding is interaction design, and establish interaction model and interaction specification.

Researcher: User experience engineer

Any product needs to be tested for quality, the code of the software needs to be tested, and the natural UI design needs to be tested. This test has nothing to do with coding, but mainly tests the reasonableness of the interaction design and the aesthetics of the graphic design. The test method is generally to use focus groups, with the form of a target user questionnaire to measure the rationality of the UI design.

To sum up: UI design includes a GUI.

If you look at the competency model of a UI designer, you should have four dimensions of competence:

1. Ability To Communicate And Document Writing

If the UI is the bridge and link between man and machine interaction, the UI designer is the design of software developers and end-users time interactive the bridge and the link, if the UI designer cannot possess good communication and understanding ability, can’t write a good guiding principle and specification, so, he will not be able to reflect the double value of the developer and customer, He couldn’t do his job.

2. Excellent Technical Ability

You can’t write Java, but you can’t be confused about what Java is and what it can do. Even if you can’t write code, you should know how to “implement” it. For example, if you want to make a Grid control, first of all, you should know which data formats are available and how they are stored. You can get the data from an HTML Mark, a JSON object or an Array, or an XML or even a string. Second, you need to know whether implementing on the Server side or the Client side is more appropriate for the current environment. All of this depends on strong technical skills and rich experience. UI designers who do not understand technology can not make reasonable designs, nor can they communicate effectively with developers. In short, the UI designer should be proficient in the mainstream presentation layer development technology at least (if doing the Web presentation layer, generally need to be proficient in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML technology, even JSP, Java to reach the working layer), and have enough understanding of the mainstream design patterns, technical routes and open source framework in the market. It can be said that the UI designer should strive to be as much of a presentation architect as possible in terms of technical competence.

3. Graphical Design Ability And Prototype Development

Graphics and prototyping are probably the most important parts of a UI designer’s life, so let’s start by talking about what prototyping is. Prototyping is a common method in the design stage of iterative development. Prototyping should run through the three stages of requirements, outline design, and detailed design. The purpose of prototyping is to turn the design into an “interface language” that the user can understand, and also guide the developer (or even to be part of the development process). The value of user interface prototyping is that it can help software designers find the defects in all stages of design in advance, solve these potential problems before development, and significantly reduce the risk and cost of software development. This is essentially different from the traditional waterfall development. At present, most domestic companies still adopt the waterfall development model and put the UI design in the later stage of development. Not only does this prevent UI designers from making the most of their strengths, but it also results in products that are fatally flawed and fail to meet the needs of their customers. Therefore, the “artist” in companies is the result of outdated and imperfect software development methods, not the “artist” or the UI designer profession itself. In fact, UI designer is just a general term. Within the UI design industry, there are several types of roles: usability and interaction designer, visual planner, user experience researcher, graphical user interface designer, etc. A UI designer is a GUI designer, and the primary job of a GUI designer is visual positioning and creation. If the UI designer doesn’t have solid graphics skills, then he can’t express his vision of beauty, and there’s no way to “communicate.” Graphic design skills are the basic skills that every UI designer has at the beginning. It’s also the best measure of a UI designer’s skill level.

II. Description of the demand for USB flash drives

Only one partition, partition format fat32.

Do not store important files on the USB flash drive,

Create a new folder STONEunder the directory of the USB drive to store the firmware and project files to be upgraded.

II, the user resource file upgrade

(A) Traditional renewal methods

Create\STONE\bin. bin folder to store the firmware stoneHMI (named fixed), as follows.

In the power-on state, the K600 dipswitch on the motherboard to the host side, as shown below.

Insert the prepared u disk for a period of time, the reset button next to the LED light will have a blue light flashing

types of display screens

 

Especially embedded software, applied in military electronics and industrial control, and other fields, the reliability, security, and real-time requirements are particularly high and must pass strict inspection and evaluation. Special emphasis is also placed on software related to designing, such as CAD, CAE, and so on.

In addition to the nature of software, industrial software also has distinct industry characteristics. With the continuous development of the automation industry, through the continuous accumulation of industry knowledge, the industry application knowledge as a key element of the development of the automation industry gradually becomes the main factor for enterprises to adjust the economic structure and change the mode of economic growth.

1, Industrial Software Is Inseparable From The Support Of Technology

Industrial control software of different industries, its service objects are not the same, iron and steel industry is aimed at the metallurgical industry, and its control software is difficult to apply to the machinery industry, and vice versa. A good set of industrial control software, not only can meet the needs of the current process, but also the controlling idea, there is a certain sense of advance, in a certain time will not lag behind.

2. Industrial Software Should Be Supported By An Industrial Data Knowledge Base

Industry data knowledge base refers to the collection of experience accumulated in the industrial production process which supports the industrial control software. In particular, it needs to be pointed out that the collection of key knowledge, software, know-how and data in the production process of the industry is also the basis of China’s automatic control system installed with “China brain”. Its main contents include: after collecting all kinds of data in the production process, the empirical calculation formula, technical know-how, various accident handling experience and various operational experience, operation manual, technical specification, process model, algorithm parameters, coefficients, weight proportion allocation, etc. It includes not only the technical specifications, operation specifications, and national standards in the form of documents but also the core software content and solution tools such as empirical formulas and model algorithms.

The development and production of industrial control software products for different industries are rising, the data knowledge base of various industries is becoming the core of industrial control software, the development and expansion of basic elements, which is our advantage, the construction of industrial data knowledge base, will make the industry knowledge into the power of industrial control software development. And promote the technical level of our industrial control software to better complete the transformation from low-end to high-end.

There are many types of HMI interfaces, including RS232, RS485, RJ45.

HMI Interface HMI Interface Common Sense

1. The definition of human-machine interface products connecting programmable controller (PLC), inverter, dc speed regulator, instrumentation, industrial control equipment, the use of screen display, through the input unit (such as screen, keyboard, mouse, etc.) parameters or input commands written work, realize the information interaction of digital human and machine equipment, composed of two parts of hardware and software.

2. Composition and working principle of HMI products. HMI products are composed of hardware and HMI software. The hardware includes a processor, display unit, input unit, communication interface, data storage unit, etc. The performance of the processor determines the performance of HMI products and is the core unit of HMI. Depending on the HMI product class, processors can be 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit.HMI software is generally divided into two parts, namely system software running in HMI hardware and screen configuration software running in PC Windows operating system (such as JB-HMI screen configuration software). Users must first create “engineering files” using HMI’s screen configuration software, and then download the “engineering files” to the HMI processor through the SERIAL communication ports of the PC and HMI products.

3. Basic functions and selection indexes of human-machine interface products

Basic functions:

Selection index:

Input mode:

Screen storage capacity, note whether the manufacturer’s capacity unit is byte orbit

Type and quantity of communication port, whether it supports the printing function

4. Classification of human-machine interface products

The HMI film key input, the HMI display size is less than 5.7 ˊ, screen configuration software for free belongs to the primary products. Such as pop-HMI small man-machine interface

The HMI touch screen input, screen size is 5.7 12.1 ˊ ˊ ~, the picture configuration software for free, belongs to the intermediate products

Based on a tablet PC computer, a variety of communication, high-performance, HMI display size greater than 10.4 ˊ, screen configuration software to collect fees, belong to high-end products

5. Man-machine interface usage

Define monitoring task requirements and select suitable HMI products

Edit “Project File” with picture configuration software on PC

Test and save the edited Project file

The PC connects to the HMI hardware and downloads the “project file” into the HMI

Connect HMI and industrial controllers (such as PLC, instrument, etc.) to realize man-machine interaction

HMI Interface Product Background

All high-efficiency HMI features a variety of features:

HMI Product Q&A

1. What Is The Difference Between The Human-Computer Interface And What Is Often Called “Touch Screen”?

Strictly speaking, there is an essential difference between the two. Because “touch screen” is only the hardware part that may be used in human-computer interface products, and it is an input device installed in the front of the display screen to replace some functions of mouse and keyboard. The human-computer interface product is a human-computer interaction device that includes hardware and software. In the industry, people often call the man-machine interface product with touch input function “touch screen”, but this is not scientific.

2. What Is The Difference Between HMI And Configuration Software?

Man-machine interface products often referred to as “touch screen”, contain HMI hardware and corresponding special screen configuration software. In general, different manufacturers of HMI hardware use different screen configuration software, and the main type of equipment connected is PLC. Configuration software is a general tool software product running on the PC hardware platform and Windows operating system, and it can also constitute HMI products together with PC or INDUSTRIAL computer. The general configuration software supports many kinds of equipment, such as various PLC, PC board cards, instruments, inverter, modules, and other equipment. Moreover, due to the strong performance of THE PC hardware platform (mainly reflected in the speed and storage capacity), the general configuration software has many strong functions, which are suitable for large monitoring systems.

3. Is There An Operating System In The Human-Machine Interface Product?

Any HMI product has a system software component. The system software runs in the HMI processor and supports multitasking. The processor needs a small operating system management system software to run.WinCE, Linux, and other general embedded operating systems are commonly used in high-performance tablet computer-based human-computer interface products.

4. Can Only Connect PLC With The Human-Machine Interface?

That’s not true. Human-machine interface products are to solve the problem of PLC human-computer interaction, but with the development of computer technology and digital circuit technology, much industrial control equipment has a serial port communication ability, so as long as there is a serial port communication ability of the industrial control equipment, such as frequency converter, dc speed regulator, temperature control instrument, for the module can connect human-machine interface products, to realize the human-computer interaction function.

5. Can The HMI Be Connected To Other Devices Only Through The Standard Serial Communication Port?

Most of the time. But with the development of computer and digital circuit technology, the interface capability of man-machine interface products is getting stronger and stronger. In addition to the traditional serial (RS232, RS422/RS485) communication interfaces, some human-machine interface products already have data interfaces such as network port, parallel port, and USB port. They can be connected to industrial control devices with interfaces such as network port, parallel port, and USB port to realize human-machine interaction of devices.

6. Can The Device With Communication Function Be Connected To The Human-Machine Interface Product?

It should look something like this. Because the universal human-machine interface products provide a large number of commonly used device communication drivers to choose from; In general, the communication connection between HMI and the device can be completed as long as the communication driver corresponding to the connected device is selected in the picture configuration software of the human-machine interface. If there is no communication driver to connect the device in the configuration software of the selected HMI product, the user can inform the manufacturer of the HMI product of the communication port type and protocol content of the device to be connected and ask the HMI manufacturer to compile the communication driver of the device on its behalf.

7. Can PC And Touch Screen Communicate Directly With PLC To Complete HMI Function?

B: Sure. However, the corresponding HMI software should be compiled to make the PC a real HMI product.

In this tutorial, we use only simple Arduino TFT LCD hardware without a breadboard and any other components. No wiring is required. As follows.

1. 3.5-inch Arduino UNO TFT LCD touch screen module

2. USB cable type A male to B male

Our test code uses the Arduino IDE for Arduino 1.6.12 windows. if you are using an older version, please install Arduino UNO on your PC.

The IDE for the Arduino IDE may have compilation errors, so please use a newer version.

touch screen categories and features

 

user interface design

https://www.stoneitech.com/
Step 1: Project Plan

In this tutorial, we use only simple Arduino TFT LCD hardware without a breadboard and any other components. No wiring is required. As follows.
1. 3.5-inch Arduino UNO TFT LCD touch screen module
2. USB cable type A male to B male
Our test code uses the Arduino IDE for Arduino 1.6.12 windows. if you are using an older version, please install Arduino UNO on your PC.
The IDE for the Arduino IDE may have compilation errors, so please use a newer version.
Download the library and paste it into the Arduino libraries folder (usually located in C: Users User Documents Arduino libraries).

Step 2: Pin Connections

Connect your Arduino 3.5-inch UNO TFT LCD touchscreen module in the following way. Make sure all pins fit into their ports.

Step 3: Insert The Code

Download the test code and open it up using the Arduino software or IDE.
Make sure the correct board and corresponding ports have been selected. (In this tutorial, the Arduino UNO is used)
Then, upload the test code to the Arduino UNO.

Step 4: Results

Once fully uploaded, you can start drawing on the Arduino TFT LCD screen in the color of your choice.
To clear the screen content, select the ” Ers” box to clear the screen.

lcd manufacture

https://www.stoneitech.com/
Step 1: Project Plan

In this tutorial, we use only simple Arduino TFT LCD hardware without a breadboard and any other components. No wiring is required. As follows.
1. 3.5-inch Arduino UNO TFT LCD touch screen module
2. USB cable type A male to B male
Our test code uses the Arduino IDE for Arduino 1.6.12 windows. if you are using an older version, please install Arduino UNO on your PC.
The IDE for the Arduino IDE may have compilation errors, so please use a newer version.
Download the library and paste it into the Arduino libraries folder (usually located in C: Users User Documents Arduino libraries).

Step 2: Pin Connections

Connect your Arduino 3.5-inch UNO TFT LCD touchscreen module in the following way. Make sure all pins fit into their ports.

Step 3: Insert The Code

Download the test code and open it up using the Arduino software or IDE.
Make sure the correct board and corresponding ports have been selected. (In this tutorial, the Arduino UNO is used)
Then, upload the test code to the Arduino UNO.

Step 4: Results

Once fully uploaded, you can start drawing on the Arduino TFT LCD screen in the color of your choice.
To clear the screen content, select the ” Ers” box to clear the screen.