• Grade, age, abilities, learning styles, language levels

• Socio-economic background, interests, prior knowledge

• School resources and classroom setup

TIP: Knowing your learners helps you choose the right activities.

• Use the CAPS document to pick your topic, theme, and language skill (e.g. reading, writing, speaking, listening).

• Decide on your lesson aims and objectives.

  
  

  Tip: Write outcomes as “At the end of the lesson learners will be able to…”

• Write a pertinent question that guides your planning.

• Connect the lesson to real-life meaning for the learners.

Tip: This is your “big idea”, it gives the lesson direction.

• Posters, flashcards, textbooks, charts, audio/video clips

• Recycled or found materials, digital tools, stationery

Tip: Prepare extras in case something breaks or learners need support.

• Use a hook to grab attention (picture, riddle, question, song, game)

• Activate prior knowledge and link to the topic

Tip : Keep this part short, fun, and energetic.

• Explain, model, show, demonstrate, guide

• Ask questions, give instructions, lead discussions

Tip: Use variety — not just talking!

• Group work, experiments, drawing, reading, writing, discussions

• Role-play, creating posters, games, think-pair-share

Tip: Make activities interactive, hands-on, and meaningful.

• One focused task linked to the objective

• Should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

Tip: This is a mini assessment inside your lesson.

• Formative: during the lesson (oral feedback, checklists, exit tickets)

• Summative: after the lesson (paragraph writing, quiz, presentation)

Tip: Match your assessment to the learning outcomes.