Free climbing is a style of rock climbing where climbers use only their

hands, feet, and gear for safety (like ropes and harnesses)

but not to assist in upward movement. It focuses on using physical strength and technique,

with gear solely for protection to prevent falls. Free climbing means using no form of artificial

or mechanical aid to help progression in ascending a route. There are various sub-disciplines within free climbing, including: bouldering, sport climbing, multi-pitch climbing and trad climbing.

2. No pulling on the rope;

3. Route reading;

4. Respecting the place they chose to climb on and leave the area as they found it;

5. Wear proper safety gear;

6. Practice controlled falls and understand the terrain you're climbing;

7. Climbers should always be aware of their ability level and climb routes appropriate for their skill;

8. They should practice climbing on real rocks and/or climbing walls to improve their skills and confidence while climbing.

https://www.insure4sport.co.uk/blog/rock-climbing-equipment/

2. Belay device;

3. Carabiners;

4. Quickdraws;

5. Climbing cams;

6. Climbing helmet;

7. Climbing shoes;

8. Chalk bag;

9. Chalk;

10. Climbing tape;

11. Crash mat.

The frist 'free solo' climb of El Capitan was achieved by Alex Honnold (USA) in Yosemite National Park California, USA, on 3 june 2017, he climbed the entire 2,900ft (884m) franite monolith in 3 hours and 56 minutes

Another significant competition is the Rock Master Festival in Arco(Italy),which features both bouldering and lead climbing competitions and is known for its festive atmosphere and high level of competition.

In recent years, climbing has gained more visibility and recognition, especially with its inclusion in the Olympic Games, starting from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, where climbing was featured for the first time.

2-Adventurous spirit

3-Personal expression

4-Psychological and physical challenges

Base jumping is an extreme sport where participants jump from fixed objects such as buildings, cliffs, or bridges, using a parachute to break their fall. "BASE" stands for the four types of objects from which they jump: Buildings, Antennas, Spans (bridges), and Earth (cliffs).

2.Equipment Checks: Use appropriate BASE jumping gear, including a BASE-specific parachute system, which is designed for lower altitudes and slower speeds.

3.Jump with a Partner: Whenever possible, jump with others.

4.Plan the Jump: Create a detailed plan that includes the jump altitude, exit point, approach, landing area, and emergency procedures.

5.Use a Reserve Parachute: Always carry a reserve parachute and know how to deploy it properly in case of a main parachute malfunction.

6.Emergency Procedures: Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures, including how to handle malfunctions and how to navigate safely to your landing zone.

Base jumping transcends mere sporting activity, incorporating elements of life philosophy, camaraderie, individual expression, and a deep connection with the environment. These facets help to understand their cultural significance within contemporary society.