PANDEMIC AND OUTBREAKS THROUGHOUT HISTORY by Alejandra Rodríguez https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco CHOLERA: 1817-2022 en-us 2022-08-02 13:15:33 UTC 2024-03-28 07:47:08 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f321.png Present by alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253465461 Alessa Guillén, 8-991-892 
Alejandra Rodríguez, 8-988-1662
Gustavo Villalaz, 8-999-1821
]]> 2022-08-02 13:59:04 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253465461 What is Cholera? alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253467847 Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.]]> 2022-08-02 14:02:48 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253467847 Signs and symptoms alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253480660 Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a few hours or as long as five days after infection. Often, symptoms are mild. But sometimes they are very serious.]]> 2022-08-02 14:24:19 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253480660 Video of Cholera alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253483718

]]> 2022-08-02 14:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2253483718 Cholera Background alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254950348 Throughout the 19th century, cholera spread throughout the world from its original reservoir in the Ganges Delta, in India. Six subsequent pandemics killed millions of people on all continents. The current (seventh) pandemic began in South Asia in 1961 and reached Africa in 1971 and the Americas in 1991. Currently, cholera is endemic in many countries.]]> 2022-08-04 16:34:21 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254950348 Evolution of the seventh pandemic alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254952344 The yellow line indicates the migration of the ancestral form; blue lines indicate migrations from the Middle East; red lines indicate migrations from Makassar; green lines indicate the early spread of the seventh pandemic from Bengal; dotted lines indicate the pathways of prepandemic-related strains to the US Gulf, Australia, and China. The six stages in the evolution of the seventh-pandemic strain are shown in the labels. The date ranges given for transmission events, which are taken from BEAST analysis, are also shown, as well as the locations of the prepandemic-related strains.]]> 2022-08-04 16:38:10 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254952344 Cholera history alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254963762 Seven cholera pandemics have occurred in the past 200 years, with the first pandemic originating in India in 1817. The seventh cholera pandemic is officially a current pandemic and has been ongoing since 1961, according to a World Health Organization factsheet in March 2022.]]> 2022-08-04 17:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254963762 More information alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254968223 On this website you can find more information about Cholera.]]> 2022-08-04 17:11:42 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2254968223 Prevention and Control https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255185215 A multifaceted approach is key to control cholera, and to reduce deaths. A combination of surveillance, water, sanitation and hygiene, social mobilisation, treatment, and oral cholera vaccines are used. The long-term solution for cholera control lies in economic development and universal access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. 

]]> 2022-08-05 01:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255185215 Treatment https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255188315 Cholera is an easily treatable disease. The majority of people can be treated successfully through prompt administration of oral rehydration solution (ORS). Severely dehydrated patients are at risk of shock and require the rapid administration of intravenous fluids. These patients are also given appropriate antibiotics to diminish the duration of diarrhoea, reduce the volume of rehydration fluids needed, and shorten the amount and duration of V. cholerae excretion in their stool.]]> 2022-08-05 01:51:13 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255188315 Cholera: symptoms and evolution alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255197702 2022-08-05 02:08:53 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255197702 Epidemiology alessa24guillen https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255763295 The clinical manifestations are caused by a thermo- and acid-labile exotoxin produced by the microorganism in the intestinal lumen. The species V.cholerae includes 140 serogroups of which classically only serogroup 0:1 caused clinical manifestations of cholera. The remaining serogroups were generically referred to as non-0:1 V.cholerae. There are 2 biotypes of V.cholerae ]]> 2022-08-06 03:43:22 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255763295 Mortality alessa24guillen https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255766024 According to a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), the total number of cholera cases decreased by 60% in 2018. The said report highlights encouraging trends observed in prevention and control in the places in the world most affected by cholera, particularly Haiti, Somalia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

]]> 2022-08-06 03:56:02 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255766024 Risk factors alessa24guillen https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255770166 Everyone is exposed to cholera, except infants who receive immunity when they suckle from mothers who have previously had cholera. Even so, certain factors can make you more vulnerable to the disease or more likely to develop severe signs and symptoms.
Risk factors for cholera are poor hygiene, reduced or no stomach acid, exposure in the home, blood type 0, raw or undercooked seafood.

]]> 2022-08-06 04:14:57 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255770166 Burden of disease alessa24guillen https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255770322 Cholera transmission is closely linked to poor environmental management. Typically, the areas at risk are peri-urban slums, where basic infrastructure is lacking, as well as camps for displaced persons or refugees, where the minimum requirements for clean water and sanitation are not met.
The consequences of a disaster such as the disruption of water supply and sanitation systems or the arrival of human groups in poor and overcrowded camps can increase the risk of cholera transmission if the bacillus is already present or introduced. Epidemics from dead bodies have never occurred.

 

]]> 2022-08-06 04:15:48 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2255770322 Mortality, epidemiology, risk factors https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2256872565 2022-08-08 18:42:01 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2256872565 Prevention, control and treatment of Cholera alejandrarodrz191 https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2256940729 2022-08-08 21:09:37 UTC https://padlet.com/alejandrarodrz191/o41yk098t8vrojco/wish/2256940729