https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr Garrett J, Jake P and Josh B en-us 2019-04-11 17:05:53 UTC 2023-03-06 21:50:41 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Hotsun.png jplatt7994 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351241487 Infectious agents vary greatly in size, type and mode of transmission. There are viruses, bacterias, protozoas and multicellularparasites. Those microbes that cause “anthroponoses” have adapted, via evolution, to the human species as their primary, usually exclusive, host. In contrast, non-human species are the natural reservoir for those infectious agents.]]> 2019-04-12 17:09:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351241487 jboggess0375 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351250629

]]> 2019-04-12 17:30:09 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351250629 jplatt7994 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351709203  Malaria, West Nile virus, cholera, and other mosquito related diseases are becoming more deadly and are spreading quicker. This is because with global warming the mosquitoes can travel further and longer, and more effectively spread the disease. ]]> 2019-04-15 16:04:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351709203 jplatt7994 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351710606 Rate of increase for West Nile Virus]]> 2019-04-15 16:08:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351710606 gjoiner3875 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351713655 2019-04-15 16:15:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351713655 gjoiner3875 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351714891

Lyme disease: A recent CDC report found that the number of cases of illnesses transmitted by ticks more than doubled between 2004 and 2016 in the US; the biggest jump was seen in cases of Lyme disease. Researchers identified warming temperatures and shorter winters as one of the reasons. Also, the change in weather allowed ticks to invade areas that had previously been too cold for them to live.

West Nile virus: Temperatures soared this past summer in Europe. At the same time, there was a sharp spike in West Nile virus infection, with more than 400 cases reported. Health experts believe the two are connected. The disease is spread by mosquitoes that have fed on infected birds, and warmer temperatures have helped to start the transmission season early. 

Malaria: In Ethiopia and Colombia, scientists observed that malaria’s range shifted to warmer areas between 1990 to 2005. In part because the transmitting mosquito thrives in the heat. But also, because the parasite that causes malaria reproduces faster inside the vector mosquito when the weather is warmer.

Flesh-Eating Bacteria: It’s not just humans who enjoy a nice swim in the ocean when the weather is hot. Flesh-eating bacteria called vibriosis flourish in warm seawater. As temperatures climb and sea levels rise, they increase in number and can infect people through open wounds or by contaminating popular seafood like oysters.

]]> 2019-04-15 16:18:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351714891 gjoiner3875 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351718799 Climate change is occurring as a result of an imbalance between incoming and outgoing radiation in the atmosphere.¹ As solar radiation enters the atmosphere, some of it is absorbed by the earth's surface and reemitted as infrared radiation, which is then absorbed by greenhouse gases — primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide — which result from the combustion of fossil fuels and which cannot be effectively removed from the atmosphere because of deforestation. This process generates heat. As the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have reached record levels, global temperatures have risen at a faster rate than at any time since records began to be kept in the 1850s, and temperatures are expected to increase by another 1.8 to 5.8°C by the end of this century. The hydrologic cycle will be altered, since warmer air can retain more moisture than cooler air. Some geographic areas will have more rainfall, and some more drought, and severe weather events — including heat waves and storms — are expected to become more common. For these reasons, the term “climate change” is now preferred over the term “global warming.” Because of rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, climate change is expected to have a substantial effect on the burden of infectious diseases that are transmitted by insect vectors and through contaminated water.

“Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases | NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine, www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0912931.]]> 2019-04-15 16:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351718799 gjoiner3875 https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351721881 There are three categories of research into the linkages between climatic conditions and infectious disease transmission. The first examines evidence from the associations between climate variability and infectious disease occurrence. The second looks at early indicators of infectious disease impacts of longterm climate change. The third uses the above evidence to create predictive models to estimate the future burden of infectious disease under projected climate change scenarios.]]> 2019-04-15 16:35:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gjoiner3875/o39crsup81kr/wish/351721881