Scratchboard by Mrs. Kanter

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Project introduction

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Hatching/Crosshatching

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Now we will work on adding in the highlights using scratchboard tools.

Negative drawing

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Using white chalk on a black surface will get you used to thinking about working with highlights and the lighter parts of an image.

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White drawing on Black paper

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Recreate this sphere using a white charcoal pencil and black paper.

Scratchboard Techniques

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We have already done the Hatching, Cross Hatching and Stippling using the ink pen. Scratchboard is similar to this, only in reverse! We will be focusing on the highlights now instead of the shadows.

Formative Technique Exercise

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Using this sphere as the subject, create 4 spheres, each using a different technique that is listed below.
-Hatching
-Cross Hatching
-Stippling
-Scumbling
Post your 4 finished scratchboard techniques in the Turn In tab in Teams.

Resource

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Beginning a scratchboard

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The image is transferred to the surface by applying chalk to the back of a drawing and tracing over the lines. Then, starting from the left side of the illustration you see that you scratch off your basic guide lines using a line tool, so that if you smudge off the chalk you still maintain a guide. Next step you continue to fill in more lines between the first ones until you reach a "grey" stage. Now you continue to cut the highlighted areas.

Once all of the texture and tonal ranges have been cut, the image is painted in with colored India inks. Some use watercolor, but I found it stains the undercoat of chalk and you cannot cut it back off to pure white. The ink is applied just as you would work a watercolor painting, but you have black guidelines. The ink can be overpainted on the black because it is transparent and becomes part of the black. This makes the painting part quite easy. Once it is painted and dry, the piece can be cut again in the areas the light is hitting the subject for final highlights as the final meercat shows.

Ink techniques of Sally Maxwell

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Finished piece

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Scratchboard work

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Her Website

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Recognized as a pioneer in scratchboard, Sally was one of the first designated as a Master Scratchboard Artist by the International Society of Scratchboard Artists. Also a Master and recognized by American Women Artists as such, she is a Signature member of the Society of Animal Artists and a Silver Signature member of Artists Changing Tomorrow. Sally was one of the first to introduce color to the medium and has been perfecting her craft since 1967. Her works have garnered Awards of Excellence in multiple Museum juried shows.

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Different marks by different tools

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History of Scratchboard

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The rule of thirds is a guideline for both artists and photographers. It says that if you divide your composition into thirds, either vertically or horizontally, and then place focal areas of your scene at the meeting points of them, you will get a more pleasing arrangement and layout for your compositions.

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Why are grids helpful?

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The grid has helped artists get proportions and sizes correct since the Renaissance. They help with:

Correct proportions
Drawing more quickly (less erasing)
Help with perspective

Bird of Paradise

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Orchids

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Fuschia

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Interesting flower link

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Lily

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Alliums

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Cactus & succulents

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Passion flower

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Peony

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Loose X grid

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Traditional grid

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Based on the X grid, this will give you more structure if you need the guidance

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Project requirements

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Project size: 9x12
Choose an flower that you would like to use for your project. Find at LEAST 3 reference photos from a Google image search on your iPad. MAKE SURE THESE ARE PHOTOGRAPHS.
Crop your main image using the Rule of Thirds for your composition, the additional photos can be used to add to your sketch – These photo references are what keeps it creative and YOURS.
POST your 3 reference photos.
Do 2 thumbnail sketches for composition.
Sketch the outline of your flower onto tracing paper - you will be transferring the pencil lines using white chalk on the back of the tracing paper.
LIGHTLY trace your sketch on the scratchboard.
Use the Techniques that have been practiced or develop some additional textures to complete your work.

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Scratchboard value scale

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