https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt Comprehensive mind-map showing connections and further thinking opportunities. Explore as you wish! en-us 2018-06-13 00:46:09 UTC 2023-10-13 17:54:21 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Bigthunderstorm.png tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268563243 To honour the ongoing world cup and other prestigious sporting events such as State of Origin and Wimbledon, I decided to base my investigation around the prevalence of the Gas Laws in some of the games we love. This is particularly relevant as an avid sports fan myself, to be able to better predict outcomes based on temperature, pressure and volume of a sports ball, while learning to optimise my performance when playing sport. After reviewing the gas laws and conducting preliminary research, the dynamics of a sports ball being affected by pressure and temperature seemed explainable by a combination of laws. Boyle's law reasons the relationship between volume and pressure creating an equivalent constant and the two factors being inversely proportional. This relates to soccer and tennis balls in the means of them being kicked or hit and a decrease in volume (due to the strike causing a deforming of shape) creating an increase in pressure to be able to repel the ball which is then sustained through aspects of physics such as momentum and inertia. It couldn't be that merely Boyle's law was the only one by which a sports ball abides so, curious, I looked further into Charles' Law and Gay-Lussac's Law, both of which are evidently applicable to my subject matter. Explore my padlet and follow up on the links and references I have provided to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the Gas Laws and their importance in sport - as they are inexplicably integral to the game. ]]> 2018-06-26 07:14:46 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268563243 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268564489 In What Ways are the Gas Laws Important in Sport?]]> 2018-06-26 07:26:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268564489 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268568799 2018-06-26 08:07:41 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268568799 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268568945 How are the gas laws relevant in calculating the operations of a football?]]> 2018-06-26 08:09:02 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268568945 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646200 2018-06-26 20:46:17 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646200 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646282 How would temperature affect a soccer ball]]> 2018-06-26 20:47:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646282 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646364 Can more than one gas law be in effect at the same time?]]> 2018-06-26 20:48:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646364 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646437 How do jumping castles retain their shape?]]> 2018-06-26 20:49:15 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646437 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646562 What is an 'ideal' ball pressure? How is this determined]]> 2018-06-26 20:50:22 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646562 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646677 Does a sport like tennis correlate directly to soccer?]]> 2018-06-26 20:51:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646677 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646803 Can you predict the efficiency of a soccer ball based on factors such as pressure and temperature?]]> 2018-06-26 20:52:43 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646803 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646902 When the temperature increases around (and thus within) a soccer ball, the heated particles move faster and hit the edges of their container with more force (from the moving momentum). This is an example of a proportionate increase of pressure due to an increase of temperature. Higher pressure within the ball means that when its kicked, it loses its shape less due to the forces keeping the container shapely being stronger. ]]> 2018-06-26 20:53:53 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268646902 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268647410 This effectively means that a hotter soccer ball allows for more ideal play as a colder soccer ball would deform more when kicked as the external forces of the kicking far overpower the internal forces of the air. ]]> 2018-06-26 20:59:53 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268647410 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268647513 If you know about factors such as ball pressure before playing, it is possible to calculate for how much force you apply when kicking so as to achieve the optimal result with minimum exertion. ]]> 2018-06-26 21:01:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268647513 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268648503 Though it is not the most fundamental gas law acting on soccer balls, understanding Boyle's law is important in comprehending differing quantities in pressure over different sized soccer balls to account for a volume decrease. ]]> 2018-06-26 21:15:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268648503 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268648673 Which soccer ball would have the highest pressure? 
a) Size 5 ball (largest
b) Size 4 ball
c) size 3 ball (smallest) 

Which ball allows for more ideal play?
a) high pressure
b) low pressure 

True or false?
Because temperature is inversely proportional to pressure, a lower temperature on a ball would increase the speed of internal particles, thus increasing pressure. ]]> 2018-06-26 21:17:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268648673 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268648950 1. Size 5 ball
2. high pressure
3. False]]> 2018-06-26 21:20:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268648950 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649085 2018-06-26 21:22:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649085 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649176 2018-06-26 21:24:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649176 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649235 This short video presents a demonstration of a balloon being frozen. What information can you apply from this towards what would happen for a soccer ball]]> 2018-06-26 21:25:00 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649235 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649433 Note how a decrease in temperature causes not only a decrease in pressure, but this pressure decrease then affects the volume as the edges of the container are not being retained. ]]> 2018-06-26 21:28:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649433 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649496 Ball deforming on contact with boot]]> 2018-06-26 21:29:17 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649496 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649519 Only one gas law can be manipulated by a scientist at a time but due to the ideal gas law, one process beginning can trigger another to start. You will see in the balloon investigation that Gay-Lussac's Law in action ultimately leads to Charles' law with these two laws in particular often being catalysts for each other. ]]> 2018-06-26 21:29:44 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649519 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649830 2018-06-26 21:34:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649830 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649927 When viewing my experimental outline, draw up a potential results table and see if you can account for multiple gas laws having taken effect. ]]> 2018-06-26 21:35:04 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268649927 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268650086 2018-06-26 21:37:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268650086 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268652098 Jumping castle's, in short, do not retain their shape when being bounced on. An external pump continually refills the castle with air to account for the thrust out of air due to the force on a jump being greater than the force of the air particles hitting the edge of their container. When the castle deforms upon being jumped on, the decrease in volume leads to a proportionate increase in pressure, per Boyle's law. This pressure increase, means that the strength of the particles hitting the container are strong enough to propel the jumper up into the air. This also explains why lighter people or objects are able to bounce higher on a jumping castle due to the weight of the person substituting more for the internal pressure. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:07:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268652098 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268652588 Jumping castles are unable to retain their shape due to aspects of pressure. When considering how this relates to soccer as a focus component, consider how a jumping castle reacts in a way that is comparative to that of soccer ball due to a loss of volume causing an increase of pressure allowing for power through a kick. There are observable links and similarities through all sports components of the gas laws. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:14:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268652588 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268652865 According to FIFA, the ideal ball pressure of a soccer ball is '8.7 PSI (pounds per square inch) 

Having an ideal ball pressure means that optimal performance will be received out of a sports ball]]> 2018-06-26 22:17:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268652865 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653137 The perfect pressure of a soccer ball depends on its size with smaller soccer ball requiring a pressure that is relative to its size. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653137 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653308 This website takes you through the essentials to know about maximising soccer ball performance based on ball pressure. It also covers the necessary conversions and calculations to achieve great gameplay. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:21:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653308 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653487 Having an ideal pressure is hard to determine and many manufacturers simply estimate pressure levels based on ball size and function. It is always recommended that the ball have as high a pressure as possible as it wont deform on the kick meaning more of your energy from the kick will go into moving the ball rather than soaking it. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:23:46 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653487 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653734 2018-06-26 22:27:16 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653734 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653789 There are a lot of similarities to how a soccer ball and tennis ball function due to the gas laws. As you can see in the image provided, the tennis ball also deforms upon contact with the racket in a similar way to soccer. While Boyle's law works in the same way on a tennis ball, there are a few fundamental differences. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:28:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653789 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653924 1. A tennis ball has a harder exterior than a soccer ball so its shape is more defined. 
2. Because of this exterior, the ball pressure is far lower as not as much is needed to retain the shape of the ball. 
3. The force exerted from a racket to a tennis ball is of far greater speed and power than a boot to a soccer ball. 
4. There are a few other factors that have been considered in the creation of a tennis ball including rebounds and buoyancy which is of far greater importance in tennis. ]]> 2018-06-26 22:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268653924 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268654125 While there are some similarities between the gas laws working on a tennis ball and a soccer ball, a different investigation would need to be undertaken in order to account for the preciseness of comparison. Ultimately, there are more aspects to a tennis ball than a soccer ball so they are not accurately comparable]]> 2018-06-26 22:33:50 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268654125 tash_lloyd25 https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268654255 Anon. 2006, 'Gas Laws', http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/gases.html, (21/06/18)
Crash Course, 2013, 'The ideal Gas Law', https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxUS1K7xu30, (20/06/18)
Anon. 2010, 'The Gas Laws', http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/Idealgas.html, (18/06/18)
G. Weinreb, 2015, 'Football and the Ideal Gas Law', https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/test-voices/4439391/Football-and-the-Ideal-Gas-Law, (18/06/18)
Anon. 2012, 'Ideal gas law in football', https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=18696, (16/06/18]]> 2018-06-26 22:36:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tash_lloyd25/o2nfdhlgotdt/wish/268654255