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      <title>Muaaz Ahmad by Muaaz Ahmad</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303</link>
      <description>UGS 303</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2017-01-19 17:19:45 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2024-10-02 18:13:40 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Unit 1</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/148166845</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-01-19 17:28:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/148166845</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Introduction</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/148167080</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Hi! My name is Muaaz Ahmad and I am a first-year chemical engineering student, hoping to one day contribute to a more sustainable world.<br>&nbsp;<br>I was born in Lahore, Pakistan, but my family moved to Texas shortly after my birth. I consider myself a proud Houstonian and Longhorn but still connect deeply to my cultural roots, despite my mere conversational fluency in Urdu.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>I enjoy watching and playing sports in my free time, particularly basketball. I regularly follow the NBA and (surprise) am a loyal Rockets fan. I also enjoy fishing and visiting natural wonders whenever an opportunity comes up. Consequently, I’ve gained a greater appreciation for the environment and am inspired to help preserve it, someway, somehow. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-01-19 17:28:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/148167080</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Universalism vs. Particularism</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516419</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-02-17 04:26:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516419</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516477</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-17 04:26:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516477</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516801</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-17 04:32:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516801</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516832</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/11/politics/lemonade-stand-shut-down-texas/" />
         <pubDate>2017-02-17 04:32:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154516832</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154518648</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-17 05:21:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154518648</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154518683</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Contracts and obligations can take different forms under universalist and particularist frameworks. Universalists tend to follow the written word as a secure record of agreements and consistently point towards the written provisions of a contract for enforcement. On the other hand, a verbal agreement may suffice for particularists. This allows for a general understanding of a deal and allows for flexibility as needed should any special circumstances arise. <br><br></div><div>The closing of a child’s lemonade stand for not sale without a permit is technically expected under the law but widely considered heartless and unnecessary.  Nevertheless, the enforcement of the law here represents a strong adherence to universalism.<br><br></div><div>The last image shows Canada welcoming Syrian refugees. Although these refugees are not formal immigrants, the unique circumstances of their immigration – fleeing a war zone – have led Canada to open their borders to host the refugees. This is a matter of discretion in response to humanitarian concerns, an indicator of particularism.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-02-17 05:23:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/154518683</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Individualism vs. Communitarianism</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155348121</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-02-22 02:43:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155348121</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155348489</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-22 02:47:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155348489</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155348994</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-22 02:52:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155348994</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155352235</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-22 03:23:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155352235</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155355376</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-02-22 04:00:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155355376</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155356419</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The firstly picture depicts what is known as a <em>Jirga</em>. Jirgas are held in Afghanistan as part of communal decision-making. Whenever an important decision regarding the whole tribe or community must be made, men gather together to discuss and vote on the best course of action. This practice is not limited to rural areas; some national conventions have been held in the Jirga format. This communal commitment to mutual protection and unified action clearly exemplifies communitarianism.<br><br></div><div>The quote “it takes a village to raise a child” is symbolic of values held in many traditional African societies. This idea suggests that it is the duty of the community to collectively teach the next generation proper values, manners, and skills, and also signifies communitarianism.<br><br></div><div>The next picture featuring hate speech places individual liberty above respect for the group.  This is an example of extreme individualism. In the United States, there are minimal restrictions on hate speech, especially compared to other countries. This highlights our country’s strong commitment to individual liberty.<br><br></div><div>The last picture depicts NBA superstar Kevin Durant. This past summer, Durant moved from a small-market team he had been a part of for years to a championship contender in Golden State. Despite the damage this move would do to the team and the sudden hole he was leaving in the Oklahoma City community, Durant felt that this was the best way to advance his career. His pursuit for personal improvement disregarding the group he belonged to reflects individualist values.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-02-22 04:13:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/155356419</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Specificity vs. Diffuseness</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157527337</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-03 03:16:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157527337</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157528263</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-03 03:27:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157528263</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157530366</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-03 03:54:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157530366</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157531875</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-03 04:15:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157531875</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157533571</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-03 04:40:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157533571</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157533655</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The first figure in the left column is Attorney General Jeff Sessions. In recent days, Sessions has come under sharp criticism for failing to disclose converstaions with Russian officials. He must now recuse himself from related investigations. This sharp separation from personal life and official duties is typical of specific cultures.<br><br>The second figure is Raj Rajaratnam, founder of the Galleon Group, a hedge fund. He is currently imprisoned for fraud while his company remains intact; he is the only member of his team suffering for his error, a reflection of a specific justice system as opposed to a diffuse one.<br><br>The colorful slide depicts the work environment at Google. Google is often heralded as a company to "work and play." Google's accommodation for serious work and valuable recreation at their offices is indicative of a diffuse company culture.<br><br>The quote on the left, "better late, than dead on time" is a passive safety phrase. It indirectly emphasizes the importance to drive within prescribed limits instead of speeding by citing consequences. This roundabout manner of preaching safety marks a diffuse mindset.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-03 04:42:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/157533655</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Achieved vs. Ascribed</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161933313</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1957</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-22 18:33:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161933313</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161934308</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-22 18:35:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161934308</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161937198</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2012/jun/11/queen-charitable-support" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-22 18:43:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161937198</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161966253</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-22 20:33:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161966253</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161968422</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-22 20:43:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161968422</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161968695</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The first picture shows Sasha, President Barack Obama's daughter, working as a cashier at a restaurant. Despite growing up in the White House with a secure financial future, American standards of achievement, which place value in work over name, led her to work a part-time job like many teenagers across the states.<br><br>The article shows a benefit of ascribed identity. The Queen of England, born into royalty and enjoying a lengthy reign, is in a position of power and has been since birth. She has used her influence to raise over 1.4 billion dollars for charitable causes in the UK.<br><br>The bottom left picture displays a downside of ascribed identity. President Bashar Assad was born into a noble family and simply had to wait until his turn to rule Syria. With the Arab Spring uprising in 2011, Assad's clinging to power based on his ascribed identity has led to a horrific civil war, displacing hundreds of thousands of people and causing a widespread refugee crisis.<br><br>The last phrase, "rags to riches," is a popular theme in Western culture. The idea of hard work bringing success appeals much to Americans because it is synonymous with achieved identity.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-22 20:45:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/161968695</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Inner vs. Outer</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163253478</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-28 19:49:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163253478</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163254919</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-28 19:56:28 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163262543</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/rand-paul-filibuster-patriot-act-118141" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-28 20:37:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163262543</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163270010</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-28 21:24:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163270010</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163271776</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-28 21:39:07 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163272178</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The first picture depicts Edward Snowden, a former contractor who leaked details of America's extensive surveillance programs. Driven by inner values of morality as a public steward, Snowden acted when whistleblowers ignored him to bring this information to light.<br><br>The article shows an extreme of acting on inner values. Senator Rand Paul spoke for over 10 hours against an extension of the PATRIOT Act out of his conviction that it was an immoral bill to pass. Nevertheless, the extension was granted.<br><br>The cartoon is a humorous take on behaviorism, a school of thought in psychology. Behaviorism treats learning as the product of stimuli and responses -- reducing our development as products of the environment around us, an outer sense of direction.<br><br>The last picture is a Japanese picture of snowfall over a village. Scenes that depict nature and natural phenomena are common in Japanese art and reflect the outer-directedness of that culture.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-28 21:41:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/163272178</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sequential vs. Synchronous</title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165034163</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-04-06 02:36:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165034163</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165034296</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-04-06 02:38:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165034296</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165034466</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-04-06 02:40:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165034466</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165035739</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The first picture depicts impoverished living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. The emphasis on sequential time in this culture maximizes time at work to maximize profits. As such, many people were forced into limited quarters to adapt to the demanding work schedule before workers' rights laws were passed.<br><br>A benefit of sequential time is the ability to organize how time is spent. The busy schedule above shows how time is often compartmentalized.<br><br>The next image shows a Time-Turner from the Harry Potter series. It effectively served as a time-machine, allowing the protagonists to escape the confines of sequential time to attend class or rescue lives. Time became a tool in this synchronous perspective.<br><br>The last image of a monastery is reflective of the synchronous culture associated with asceticism. Living away from society relieves pressure to conformity and allows for spiritual freedom because time is no longer a driving cause for concern.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-04-06 02:58:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165035739</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>muaazahmad</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/muaazahmad/ahmadugs303/wish/165239939</link>
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         <pubDate>2017-04-06 18:40:45 UTC</pubDate>
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