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Italy Flag

28norciacooper — 2024-10-15 16:53:43 UTC

Italy Map

28norciacooper — 2024-10-15 17:03:44 UTC

Italian Romantism Art

28norciacooper — 2024-10-15 17:06:24 UTC

Italian Unification Article

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 16:55:13 UTC

The Italian Unification, also known as the Risorgimento or "Rising Again", was a 19th-century movement that looked to gain the Italian people's sense of national identity. It made political changes that ended foreign control over the many, individual Italian states, and brought them all together. After the French Revolution, Italy started to unite, allowing the middle class to grow and participate in politics. Then in 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini created Young Italy, a group focused on promoting democracy and educating Italians about their national identity, encouraging them to challenge old, harsh governments. After his death, Piedmont gained leadership, leading to France's victory over Austria in 1866 and Italy's full unification by 1870.

Italian Unification Video

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:00:35 UTC

After the fall of Rome, Italy was divided up into many independent states, and they never wanted thought about unification until Napoleon came along and created the Kingdom of Italy. After he was defeated, Italy went back to their old ways, and it stayed like this until 1848 when many revolutions began. A decade later after getting crushed, they went back and fought Austria with the new allies of Britain and France, thus giving them the win. As time passed, the individual states merged and gave leadership to Piedmont almost completely unifying Italy. However, it wasn't until Franco-Prussian war until France, who was in control of the last state of Venice, gave it to them in 1870 and finished the unification.

Colombia Map

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:17:46 UTC

Colombia Flag

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:18:34 UTC

Colombian Realism Art

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:27:45 UTC

Haiti Flag

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:28:10 UTC

Haiti Map

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:29:26 UTC

Haitian Realism Art

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:30:45 UTC

Haiti Independence Article

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:31:27 UTC

From 1791 to 1804, the Haitian Revolution was a series of conflicts involving the enslaved Haitians, free people, colonial powers and more. Including also France and Britain, this revolution was influenced by not only the free peoples' dissatisfaction with racial discrimination and French Revolution, but it was also mainly influenced by the brutal condition of slavery. The key leader, Toussaint L'ouverture, gained control of several areas in Saint-Domingue and maintained an allegiance with France while chasing his own political goals. However, Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to regain control over the colony, and sent General Leclerc to restore slavery and the old regime. After L'ouverture was captured, Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henry Christophe led the battle against the French, defeating them in the Battle of Vertières in November 1803. This led to Haiti declaring its independence, and being the first black-led nation to do so on January 1, 1804.

Colombian Independence Article

28norciacooper — 2024-10-16 19:32:01 UTC

Colombia began than fight for independence with an uprising in Bogota on July 20, 1810, which is now their celebrated Independence Day. However, Colombia did not earn full independence until 1811, and the movement was initially marked by internal conflicts and the Spanish's efforts to try and reconquer up to 1816. Key figures Simon Bolivar and Franscisco de Paula Santander led Colombia to independence, with Bolivar's key victory at the Battle of Boyaca on August 7, 1819. This crucial victory liberated New Granada (modern-day Colombia) from Spanish control, and it also paved the way for Gran Colombia, a republic with Colombia (present-day), Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Organized at the Congress of Cúcuta in 1821, Simón Bolívar was the president and Santander was the vice president. Unfortunately, Gran Colombia was short-lived, and it dissolved by 1830 due to territorial rivalries and political issues.

Colombia Independence Video

28norciacooper — 2024-10-17 17:00:34 UTC

By July 20th, 1810, when it culminated in their Declaration of Independence, Colombia last country to begin a rebellious movement against Spain in order to be free. This movement was led by Antonio Mourinho, who opposed Spanish centralism and led the opposition against the Vice Royalty. In 1811, the united provinces of New Granada were proclaimed, led by Camilo Torres Tenorio. This however led to a period of instability, and shortly after the new ruler Ferdinand VII took the throne, the Vice Royalty was back. However, this led to a rebellion, and led by Simón Bolívar, Colombia claimed independence in 1819 and defeated the Spanish resistance in 1822.

Haiti Revolution/Independence Video

28norciacooper — 2024-10-19 02:29:01 UTC

In 1791, after fighting between the petit blancs (third estate) and the newly free French people of color, a massive slave revolt broke out. Toussaint L'ouverture, a former slave, formed a massive slave army and trained them to withstand attacks from the French. Then in 1793, the British decided to invade Saint-Domingue, which led to France deciding to free the slaves. However, France was still at war with the British and Spanish, so L'ouverture became their military general and an able politician. So, between 1794 and 1802, he steered the colony towards independence. But in 1802, when the French tried to reintroduce slavery, they were met with the slaves' guerrilla fighting as well as disease. So, erasing his dreams of an American empire, Napoleon decided to cut his losses and recalled his troops. Finally, after the Louisiana Purchase, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who had defeated the French, declared the island of Saint-Domingue independent, and named it Haiti.