OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE by John Patterson https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz What`s out there en-us 2021-02-09 20:46:48 UTC 2025-12-06 12:09:22 UTC hello@padlet.com Stefan jpatterson76 https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185143682 Elliptical Galaxies
It is said that Elliptical galaxies are made up of a collision from two spiral galaxies.

 Elliptical galaxies are commonly found towards the center of galaxy clusters. An example of an is Elliptical galaxy is  called M60 NGC4699. Elliptical galaxies have over a trillion stars and its diameter is 10x the size of the milky way galaxy. Elliptical galaxies can have as low as 10 million stars to 100 trillion.  ]]> 2021-02-10 00:10:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185143682 Eliana https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185144376 Lenticular Galaxies (NGC 6861)

Lenticular galaxies are a flat spiral or disk like shapes that has a sort of ball of light at the centre of the galaxy. 

Lenticular galaxies have mostly old, red stars with very few hot blue stars. This is an indication that star formation has slowed significantly, or is non-existent. 

Lenticular galaxies are, on average, much brighter than spiral galaxies. If they were truly faded spiral galaxies, you would expect them to be dimmer, not brighter.

As an alternative, some astronomers now suggest that lenticular galaxies are the result of mergers between two old, spiral galaxies. This would explain the disk structure and the lack of free gas. Also, with the combined mass of two galaxies, the higher surface brightness would be explained. 


]]> 2021-02-10 00:10:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185144376 Reflection Nebulas bryansformalemail https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185144771 In astronomy, reflection nebulae are clouds of interstellar dust which might reflect the light of a nearby star or stars. The energy from the nearby stars is insufficient to ionize the gas of the nebula to create an emission nebula, but is enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible

Reflection nebulae can be found all over the universe, from our Milky Way galaxy to any other galaxy.

A reflection nebula is created when light from a star is scattered or reflected off a neighbouring dust cloud.

Reflection nebulae are usually less dense than dark nebulae, and have sizes that are determined by the source of illumination. Their extent is not defined by the size of the dust cloud but rather the area over which their brightness remains above the point of detection.

Pictured below is The Witch Head reflection nebula (IC2118), about 900 light years from earth, is associated with the bright star Rigel in the constellation Orion.

]]> 2021-02-10 00:11:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185144771 Globular Clusters https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185145869 Alyssa

A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core. Globular clusters are very tightly bound by gravity, which gives them their spherical shapes, and high stellar densities toward their centers.

No one knows precisely how globular clusters are formed, and what role they play, if any in the development in galaxies.

It is found in the halo of galaxies
They are the oldest, and largest star clusters
They can reach 300 light years in diameter
The milky way  has around 150 globular clusters

]]> 2021-02-10 00:11:33 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185145869 interacting galaxies-Cadel https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185147668 an interating galaxy is a combination of two galaxies that have collided and created one galaxy.
did you know that the milkyway is an interacting galaxy which is going to cllide with andromita in a few billion years. also it could take roughly 500 million years for the two galaxys to combine. when they combine they could create many more new stars and planets which could hold life! to make an interacting galexy you could use from 1-infinite galaxys so it could be one huge galaxy.]]> 2021-02-10 00:12:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185147668 Irregular Galaxies (Roza) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185148151 Definition: An Irregular Galaxy is a galaxy that doesn't have a particular shape or a nuclear bulge.
Irregular do not fall into any of the regular classes of the Hubble sequence. The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926. An example of a irregular galaxy is the Small and Large Magellanic clouds. These are companion clouds to our own milky way.]]> 2021-02-10 00:12:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185148151 Young Open Cluster (Neha) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185150639 A young open cluster are a gravitationally bunch collection of stars. A young open cluster is formed by a giant molecular cloud. Clusters are filled with new born stars. Young open clusters take the light from open clusters to create, hot blue stars. This object is typically found in our Galaxy. An example of a young open cluster is "The Wild Duck," its actual name is M11. Young open clusters have been found only in spiral and irregular galaxies. There are over 1,000 young open clusters in the Milky Way. Young open clusters have been formed for over the last billion years. ]]> 2021-02-10 00:13:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185150639 Old Open Clusters (Ann) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185150767 A group of a few thousand stars that are roughly the same age and formed from the same molecular cloud and called an open cluster. Old open clusters are simply open clusters that have survived for a long time. Open clusters have been found only in irregular and spiral galaxies. An example of an old open cluster is the Pleiades which coordinates are RA3H47M24.]]> 2021-02-10 00:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185150767 Planetary nebula https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185153172 Mac - They aren't related to planets  ,  the name originated from the apparent similar  look of giant planets.]]> 2021-02-10 00:14:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185153172 emission nebula (Sean) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185155632 an emission nebular is a cloud of high temperature gas that emits light of various wave lengths, a star energises atoms with ultra violet rays and theses fall back to lower energy states that begins to glow    ]]> 2021-02-10 00:16:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185155632 Dwarf Galaxy's (Henry) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185157770 Dwarf galaxy's are like normal galaxy's but are a lot smaller and have less stars making them harder to find and are thought to outnumber all giant galaxy's there are around 50 orbiting the milky way.
The dwarf galaxy IC1613 aka Caldwell 51 was found in 1906 and is approaching earth at 234 km/s. The image on the left is ultraviolet and on the right is what is seen because of how few stars there are.

]]> 2021-02-10 00:17:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185157770 Galaxy Cluster (Rishon) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185160810 A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014 – 1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structure in the universe until the 1980s, when supercluster were discovered.

Astronomers think that galaxy clusters form as clumps of dark matter and their associated galaxies are pulled together by gravity to form groups of dozens of galaxies, which in turn merge to form clusters of hundreds, even thousands of galaxies. ... The gas in galaxy clusters is heated as the cluster is formed.

Our galaxy is located in the Virgo Cluster

The Virgo cluster is located at a distance of about 5 × 107 light-years in the direction of the constellation Virgo. More than 2,000 galaxies reside in the Virgo cluster, scattered in various subclusters whose largest concentration (near the famous system M87 [Virgo A]) is about 5 × 106 light-years in diameter.]]> 2021-02-10 00:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185160810 Spiral Galaxy https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185167868 A spiral Galaxy is made up of Hundreds of Billions of stars in a spiral shape.

The Spiral Galaxy is the most common Galaxy. 77% of observed Galaxies are actually Spiral Galaxies. Even the milky way is a spiral galaxy. 
Spiral Galaxies are usually located in low density regions.

An example of a spiral Galaxy is the largest Spiral Galaxy is NGC 6872 

Ryan Toms.]]> 2021-02-10 00:21:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185167868 Star Formation Regions (Jacky) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185168485 Star Formation regions are dense concentrations of gas and dust and form molecular clouds where stars are created. CO and H2 are the most common type of molecules in the nebula. The temperatures are extremely cold dipping to as low as 10 to 20 kelvin, just above absolute zero. At this
temperature, it causes the gases to clump together into high densities.
When the gases become very dense to a point, where they will form a star.]]> 2021-02-10 00:22:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185168485 Barred spiral galaxy (Jake) https://padlet.com/jpatterson76/nzak9hzn5gqghxvz/wish/1185169174
A barred spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy except with a bar shaped structure in the centre of the spiral. Sometimes when some of the stars in the spiral galaxy are unstable they start getting drawn towards the centre of the spiral galaxy and lock into place into the middle forming bar and turning into a barred spiral galaxy. The Milky Way galaxy is classified as a barred spiral galaxy.
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