1. NURBAITIE NAJWA BINTI ZAINAL - A201077

2. NUR ARISSA SOFEA BINTI MOHD KHAIRUL ANUAR - A202605

3. FATIN NURSYAHIRAH BINTI ZAMRI - A200262

4. AMIRA SYAFIQAH BINTI ABDUL NASIR - A200474

5. NUR SHUHADA BINTI IKHWAN - A200143

1. Chung Li Er (A198399)

2. Ashley Chong Wen Yi (A198568)

3. Dharshini A/P Rajendran (A202208)

4. Nur Qistina 'Asyura binti Mohd Hafiz (A204647)

5. Nurul Syafiqah binti Mohd Nazri (A203452)

1. Fazwina Azaleya Balqish Binti Mohd Fadhil (A200736)

2. Caren Tan Kai Yan (A200815)

3. Loh Jin Xuan (A204371)

4. Geraldine Khoo Sze Yuin (A200703)

1. Sumayyah binti Abdul Malek (A204342)

2. Iffah Aqilah binti Shaari (A200287)

3. Adriana Nadhirah binti Rehan Iskandar (A200913)

4. Nur Syuhada Adila binti Zulkifli (A200953)

5. Nur Anis Syazwani binti Mohamad Sharif (A201923)

1. Afif Aisar bin Azhari A202413

2. Muhammad Amir Firdaus bin Izzuddin A204382

3. Muhammad Danish bin Abdul Hakim A200588

4. Umie Marzieha binti Ismail A202221

5. Nur Ameerah binti Zulkornain A205684

1. CHOW MENG WEI (A201229)

2. CHIN YUE YING (A203322)

3. JANICE TEOH JIA YIN (A201373)

4. WAI JIA JIA (A200903)

5. LAW YING LUO (A201861)

1)HARSHINI SURESH

2)POON WEI TOM

3)AMER AIMAN

4)LEE JIA LE

1. Diagnosis: A blessing or a curse?

2. Labels: Do we need them?

3. Cultural Considerations in Diagnosis and Treatment

4. Stigma and Mental Health

5. Risk and Protective Factors: Which factors have the greatest impact on resilience in the face of adversity: individual characteristics, family environment, or social support?

1. SITI AISYAH BINTI MOCHAMAD TAUFIK (A202575)

2. RASHIKA PARI VENTHAN (A204213)

3. NUR IMTIYAZ BINTI NORZLI (A203668)

4. SARAH NABILA BINTI MOHD HAFIZ (A204075)

5. LAU XIN YU (A201429)

1. For padlet assignment 1, we have to create a flowchart on how to browse dsm5 and icd, my question is do we have to create a flowchart or a video specifically targeting our disorders of interest or just a general way how to find information easily on both websites?

2. Secondly, it is regarding our analogy project. There have been some confusion on how to complete the task. This is how I’ve been planning to do it and i would love to have a comment from Dr if this is the right way of doing it.

For example, i would like to make an analogy of life based on my orange cats. I found my cat when it is sick and weak but now have grown so healthily. So i want to compare this progress into discontinuity (changes) . Does it mean, the analogy have to touch the aspect of changes, adaptation and what we learnt from all the papers?

Thank you Dr Yaz for the time.

'Describing' an observation' simply involves stating facts or details about something you have seen or experienced without necessarily drawing comparisons or making connections to other concepts.

Let's break down the meaning of the individual words that makes up the name of our disorder.

1) ALESHA BINTI NORRULAZLI (A203334) 

2) MUHAMMAD DARWIS BIN MD RAIS (A202454) 

3) ONG JIA EN (A201677) 

4) CARYN CHUA XIN YU (A202768)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbeQW8YZCtE&list=PPSV

Feel free to watch this video too!!!

In DSM-5, sleep-wake disorders are categorized into several subtypes, including insomnia disorders, hypersomnolence disorders, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and parasomnias. Each subtype has specific criteria that must be met for diagnosis, such as the frequency, severity, and duration of symptoms. Among these, insomnia is the most common type. Sleep wake disorders often come along with mental health problems or medical health problems.

• Exclusive. Attraction is only toward children.

• Non-exclusive. Attraction toward both children and adults.

📌Acting on a PEDOPHILIC URGE could mean:

• Engaging in various sex acts with children

• Viewing child pornography

• Fantasizing about or masturbating to images of children, either real or imaged

🔎Some SIGNS & SYMPTOMS that you’re living with pedophilic disorder include:

• Being sexually aroused by prepubescent children

• Denial (try to justify your thoughts or behaviors, or call inappropriate interactions accidental or unintentional)

• Extensive use of child pornography

• Feelings of shame or guilt

• Psychosocial impairment

• Sexual frustration

⚠️To achieve a DIAGNOSIS per the DSM-5, you must also:

• Have acted on, or experienced interpersonal distress or difficulty related to, your urges or fantasies

• Be at least 16 years of age and be at least 5 years older than the child you’re focused on

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is more than just feeling self-conscious; it involves an intense worry about body flaws that others often don't notice. This worry can cause someone to avoid places where there are people because they fear being judged. People with BDD might constantly look at others and think that everyone is only noticing their flaws. This makes it very hard for them to be around people, which can make them feel lonelier and can make the disorder worse.

SUMMARY FROM THE VIDEO:

HABIT REVERSAL TRAINING

1) Recognize WHEN you pick at your skin/pull on your hair and WHY you do it

2) Have an individual who is constantly around you to point out when/why you do it

3) Find something that can replicate the feeling of picking or pulling (eg: wrapping yarn around your finger to replace hair)

4) Stimulus control- removing things from your environment that may trigger the picking or pulling action

5) Think about how picking/pulling can have negative consequences on yourself, that can be your motivation not to do said actions

Trichotillomania is a hair-pulling disorder. Hair pulling may occur in any region of the body in which hair grows but the most common sites are the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelids.The disorder is in the same category as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Trichotillomania occur more frequently in females,it is estimated that 1%-2% of adults and adolescents suffer from trichotillomania. In general, trichotillomania is a chronic condition that will come and go throughout an individual’s life if the disorder is not treated. For some individuals, the disorder may come and go for weeks, months, or years at a time. 

There are two types of trichotillomania that is automatic hair pulling and focused hair pulling.

-In automatic hair pulling, the individual may not even realize they are doing it until after the fact. For example, they could be zoning out watching TV then look down and realize that the couch is full of hair they have pulled.

-In focused hair pulling, it is done very intentionally because it feels good. Often, focused hair pullers will wait until they are in private to engage in the behavior.

***You guys can read the full article to know more about the Trichotillomania❤️

How it affects our memory and cardiovascular system

It is caused by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The muscles supporting soft tissues in the throat relax, narrowing or closing the airway and temporarily interrupting breathing.

SNORING is often associated with OSA, especially if the snoring is interrupted by periods of silence.

It is important to remember that snoring doesn’t necessarily indicate something potentially serious, and not everyone who snores has OSA.

This link introduces the symptoms ,causes, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment methods for OSA.

The "Life With Narcolepsy" podcast offers a comprehensive and insightful exploration of this chronic neurological sleep disorder, guiding listeners through various aspects of the condition.In the first episode, "What is Narcolepsy?", the podcast delves into the fundamental understanding of this sleep disorder. Listeners can gain a clear picture of the different types of narcolepsy, including Narcolepsy Type 1 (with cataplexy) and Narcolepsy Type 2 (without cataplexy), along with the underlying causes and core symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations.

The second episode, "My Journey to a Narcolepsy Diagnosis," provides a deeply personal account of Bella's experience in navigating the diagnostic process. By sharing her story, the podcast aims to offer empathy, guidance, and valuable insights for those currently grappling with unexplained symptoms and seeking answers. This episode highlights the challenges, emotions, and practical implications of receiving a narcolepsy diagnosis, potentially serving as a relatable resource for listeners in similar circumstances.

Rounding out the series, the third episode, "Let's Bust Some Myths: Clearing Up Misconceptions About Narcolepsy," tackles the various myths and misconceptions surrounding this condition. By addressing and dispelling these common misunderstandings, the podcast empowers listeners with accurate information, helping to foster a better overall understanding and awareness of narcolepsy.

All in all, this trio of podcast episodes from "Life With Narcolepsy" offers a comprehensive and multifaceted exploration of the narcolepsy journey. From understanding the fundamentals of the disorder to navigating the diagnostic process and addressing prevalent myths, this podcast series provides a valuable resource for individuals living with narcolepsy, their loved ones, and healthcare professionals seeking to deepen their knowledge on this complex sleep condition.To sum up, this well-rounded series serves as an encouraging and worthwhile guide, offering insights and support for the narcolepsy community as a whole. I am suggesting you give this podcast a listen to get a better understanding of narcolepsy.

The four main symptoms of narcolepsy in children and adults are similar:

• Excessive daytime sleepiness

• Cataplexy

• Sleep paralysis

• Hallucinations

  
  

Some children may also have additional symptoms compared to adults, including precocious puberty and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Precocious puberty happens when a child starts to mature physically too early (before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys).

However, experts say it is NOT an accurate portrayal of people living with this disorder :0

Read more about it on these webpages:

• https://www.healthline.com/health-news/movie-split-harms-people-with-dissociative-identity-disorder#:~:text=The%20film%20%E2%80%9CSplit%E2%80%9D%20depicts%20a,Split%E2%80%9D%20has%20come%20under%20fire.

• https://wp.nyu.edu/steinhardt-appsych_opus/split-a-review-and-its-unexpected-merit/

This short post points out on some of the misconceptions of DID, hope it helps!!

2.https://tourette.org/wp-content/uploads/Full-Family-Toolkit-rev.pdf

3.https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/stuttering

4.https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/tourette-syndrome#:~:text=This%20treatment%20may%20relieve%20simple,of%20dopamine%20in%20the%20brain.

Top of the list :

1.Front of the class (2008)

2.The tic code (1999)

3.Motherless Brooklyn (2019)

💡 DID used to be called Multiple Personality Disorder. The name was changed in the DSM to reflect a different understand of the condition. DID is not someone having more than one personality, it is one personality that is divided into parts through dissociation.

Overall, i think this show really opens my mind on seeing people that suffers with DID. I enjoyed this series and I hope you guys will do too <3

‼️ But, BEWARE because there are many explicit stuffs ‼️

🔍In the comment section, I found that people have different views on this matter. Obviously, there will be arguments on that and I found that most of the comments are showing their disagreement.

"The devil tries to lie to people about what they should see in kids and I think he did good for coming forth to speak his real thoughts regardless of how people may see him."

"Is he trying to say that this is a legit illness?"

Also, there are some people trying to speak for the pedophile in that video.

"Obviously pedophiles and child molesters are two different things. It's important to understand that distinction, and not treat pedophiles like criminals, so that more pedophiles get some help to keep themselves from offending. We have to help these people in order to protect children from being abused."

Let's have a look on this video!! 🖱️🖱️

What do you think about this? Feel free to leave your views below!! 📢

-Before reading further, kindly watch the video FIRSTT -🎬📽️✨

🧠His words made me think, our first thought is always to remove those "evils" from society forever, but will that make society better and peaceful? Actually, there are other pieces to the story. Things may get worse when some of them feeling that there's something wrong with them but they are afraid to meet with a psychologist because most of the people will avoid them. In fact, their conditions may get more serious since they don't receive sex drive reducing medications or any types of counseling and therapy in the first place.

"We need to be dispassionate, clinical and think rationally about the situation rather than giving in to our first instinct which usually shoot first and ask questions later which is unfortunately a great deal of public policy." -James Cantor

What do you think about it? 🤔🤔

Reference : https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/learn-more-about-conditions/dissociation-and-dissociative-identity-disorder-did/#:~:text=Some%20of%20the%20symptoms%20of,from%20the%20world%20around%20you.

In conclusion , if you have forgotten something but the people around keep insisting you that you did that , then you may have DID ☹️🥺😵‍💫

💬From the comments section:

"It's not "virtuous" to not attack children. It's a bare minimum requirement."

"His honesty is very informative, we need to pay attention to what he says and protect our children."

"It's a mental disorder for sure, I'm sure he doesn't want to be like this I can't imagine anyone would but I'm thankful that he's so open about it because we can learn a lot of information to keep our children safer."

"It's really scary that he's been allowed to work with children and he doesn't really realise that this 'attraction' is wrong he just danced around the question..."

🎞️Here is a YouTube video uploaded last year which a real interview was carried out between a pedophile and few members of the public. Let's watch it to have a deeper understanding about what's in the mind of a pedophile and how people think about them. 📝

Let's hop into the story of a peadophile victim.

• Definition and Diagnosis: Pedophilic disorder is characterized by persistent sexual thoughts, fantasies, or behaviors involving children under 13, lasting at least six months. Diagnosis requires that these urges cause significant distress or interpersonal difficulty, and the individual is at least 16 years old and five years older than the child.

• Prevalence and Causes: While rare, pedophilic disorder's exact prevalence is hard to determine due to underreporting. It stems from a complex interplay of genetic, neurodevelopmental, and environmental factors, including childhood abuse and early exposure to sexual content.

• Impact on Victims: The documentary showcases the profound and lasting trauma inflicted on victims. Survivors often endure psychological scars, struggling with trust, relationships, and mental health issues long after the abuse has ended.

• Treatment and Management: Effective management involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to address harmful thoughts and behaviors, medication to reduce sexual urges, and support groups for peer guidance. Treatment aims to prevent any harm to children while helping individuals manage their condition.

• Legal and Ethical Considerations: Acting on pedophilic urges is a severe criminal offense. Confidentiality in treatment is crucial, but therapists must report any imminent danger to a child, balancing ethical considerations with legal responsibilities.

• Prevention and Awareness: Education and early intervention are key. Public awareness campaigns can reduce stigma, encouraging individuals to seek help before acting on harmful urges. Support organizations like Stop It Now! and the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) provide resources for prevention and treatment.

The story "Survivors' Triumph" is a powerful reminder of the importance of addressing pedophilic disorder. By understanding this condition, we can better support victims, prevent abuse, and encourage those affected to seek help. Education, early intervention, and ongoing research are vital in protecting children and fostering a safer society. It is a must-watch to educate yourselves further and to try to put yourselves in the victims' shoes to be more self-aware of how it truly feels to be in such an unwanted situation. Prepare with some tissues as the story will make you shed tears :/ :(

I've learned that some pedophiles develop elaborate justifications or rationalizations for their feelings, convincing themselves that their attractions are natural or harmless. Others live in constant fear of their urges being discovered, which can lead to extreme secrecy and a double life. This psychological turmoil is further compounded by the potential legal and social repercussions they face, adding another layer of stress and anxiety to their already complex mental state.

It's important to note that not all individuals with pedophilic disorder act on their impulses. Many are aware of the harm their desires could cause and seek therapy and support to manage their condition responsibly. Understanding the complexities of their mental experience has taught me the importance of addressing this disorder with both empathy and a firm commitment to protecting children.

By studying real stories, such as those of survivors who bravely share their experiences, I've gained a deeper appreciation for the impact of pedophilic behavior on victims and the urgent need for societal awareness and support systems. This knowledge has reinforced my commitment to advocate for better mental health resources and legal protections, ensuring that we tackle this issue from all angles.

People with antisocial personality disorder may not give an accurate description of their symptoms. A key factor in diagnosis is how the person relates to others. With permission, family and friends may be able to give helpful information.

After a medical exam to help rule out other medical conditions, the health care provider may make a referral to a mental health provider with experience in diagnosing and treating antisocial personality disorder.

Type of treatment:

1. Psychotherapy

2. Behavioral therapy

3. Medications

• Pedophilic disorder is characterized by recurring, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behavior involving children (usually 13 years old or younger).

What is the diagnosis Pedophilic Disorder?

• People have had repeated, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving a child or children (usually aged 13 years or under).

• People feel greatly distressed or become less able to function well (at work, in their family, or in interactions with friends), or they have acted on their urges.

• People are aged 16 years old or older and are 5 or more years older than the child who is the object of the fantasies or behaviors. (An exception is an older adolescent who has an ongoing relationship with a 12- or 13-year-old.)

• They have had the condition for 6 months or more.

What is the diagnosis Pedophilic Disorder?

• Long-term individual or group psychotherapy - they receive training in social skills and treatment of other problems such as drug misuse/depression.

• Medication- medication prescribe includes leuprolide and medroxyprogesterone acetate. These medication helps in reducing testosterone levels and thus reduce sex drive

After reading the article there will be 2 main takeaways

1. Female could be a paedophile as well

A female paedophile often haunts on the children who are closed to her. She could be their mother, aunt, older sister or a female neighbor. Their action on sexual abusing children are similar to men, they will get them to remain silent after abusing them.

2. What are the effects on childhood sexual abuse on survivors

These victims often suffer in low self-esteem, having post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, Dissociative disorder, relationship problems, anxiety disorder and anger issues.

Let's have a look in these cases!

1. Difficulty Falling Asleep: The urge to move the legs and the discomfort can make it hard for individuals with RLS to fall asleep.

2. Frequent Awakenings: People with RLS may wake up frequently during the night to move their legs, disrupting the sleep cycle.

3. Reduced Sleep Quality: The constant need to move the legs and the discomfort can lead to fragmented and poor-quality sleep, making it difficult to reach and maintain deep sleep stages.

4. Daytime Sleepiness: The lack of sufficient restorative sleep can cause excessive daytime sleepiness, impacting daily functioning and quality of life.

   
   

RLS as a Sleep-Wake Disorder

RLS is considered a sleep-wake disorder because its primary symptoms significantly disrupt the sleep-wake cycle. Here’s how:

1. Insomnia: The difficulty in falling and staying asleep due to RLS often results in insomnia, a common sleep-wake disorder characterized by persistent problems with sleep initiation, maintenance or quality.

2. Circadian Rhythm Disruption: The symptoms of RLS typically worsen in the evening and at night, which can lead to a misalignment of the circadian rhythm, the internal body clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

3. Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD): Many individuals with RLS also experience PLMD, which involves involuntary leg movements during sleep. This condition further fragments sleep and contributes to the overall sleep disturbance.

1. Finding Inner Peace - The main form of mental training is meditation.

2. Making Connections - In Buddhism, all people are equal.

3. Being in Charge of Our Actions - Hope is a decision.

"The mind is everything. What you think you become."

Click in to discover more! 😉

Though they may seem similar at first glance, the struggle faced by each disorder may vary, as well as the symptoms and the diagnostic criteria.

For instance, men are more likely to worry about thinning hair, while women may be more concerned with breast size and skin.

A study involving 200 participants diagnosed with BDD revealed variations in the focus of their obsessions.

Additionally, women tended to be preoccupied with more body areas than men. In males with BDD, the commonly focused-on body parts included:

• Genitals

• Body build

• Hair (thinning or balding)

In females with BDD, the commonly focused-on body parts included:

• Skin

• Stomach

• Weight

• Breasts

• Buttocks

• Thighs

• Legs

• Hips

• Toes

• Body or facial hair

Youthful and outgoing, it’s hard to tell that Le Yong struggles with a mental health condition. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is often under-diagnosed and involves obsessive and intrusive thoughts about perceived flaws in one’s appearance. Unaware of his condition when he was younger, Le Yong underwent cosmetic surgeries to correct these perceived flaws, but the surgeries did not resolve his body image issues.

Every day, Le Yong must make a conscious effort to manage the distorted image he sees of himself and the feelings of shame associated with these obsessive and 'vain' thoughts. Feeling the pressure to conform to society’s standards of normalcy and the expectations placed on men, Le Yong dreams of a simple life free from BDD.

Learn about various types, including delayed sleep phase disorder, advanced sleep phase disorder, and non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder For a simple explanation of these types, watch this insightful YouTube video: https://youtu.be/3OvIFN6Gr9c?si=UC0gR5aU1GlCcOID.

Click to discover more!

This PDF contains some information about Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) that connected to youth.

The slides cover the connection between BDD with school and the influence of social media, also there are some advice for parents on how to support their children.

4o

I hope you find this information useful ^-^

1. Genetic

   • People with biological parent or sibling that has the disorder or other mental health conditions has high possibility to develop ASPD

   • Studies indicate that genetic factors account for about 50% of the variance in antisocial behavior.

2. Environmental factors

   • Childhood Abuse and Neglect

   • Family Environment

   • Socioeconomic Status

3. Biochemical factors

   • Imbalances in neurotransmitter

   • Brain Structure and Function

4. Early conduct problems

5. Social and cultural factors

   • Association with delinquent peers can encourage antisocial behavior.

   • Societal acceptance of certain aggressive or antisocial behaviors can influence the development and expression of ASPD

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): This is when a kid often argues, being mean, blames others for mistakes, and gets angry a lot.
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED): This is when a kid has sudden, intense outbursts such as temper tantrums, verbal arguments, and physical fights,
  such as temper tantrums, verbal arguments, and physical fights,
• Conduct Disorder (CD): A condition where a kid might hurt people or animals, destroy things, lying to obtain goods, stealing items or even worse running away from home.
• Pyromania: When a kid feel an intense desire to start fires, where they experience internal tension before setting a fire and feel pleasure afterward.

https://youtu.be/-i6dZMF4aeo?si=yqGbzXBoGzQwftQG

• Kleptomania: This is when a kid feels a strong urge to steal things they do not need and often do not even want, although they may also feel guilt and shame for their actions.

This film explains how to recognise and help a child who shows the symptoms of conduct disorder

Henry shows several symptoms of conduct disorder, which is a disorder characterized by persistent and repetitive patterns of violating the rights of others or societal norms. Some of the symptoms he displays are:

• Aggression to people and animals: Henry kills a dog with a homemade crossbow, attempts to kill his sister by pushing her into thin ice, and tries to murder his mother by throwing her off a cliff.

• Destruction of property: Henry sets fire to his father's workshop, throws a dummy off a bridge onto a highway, and breaks into a neighbor's house.

• Deceitfulness or theft: Henry lies to his parents and Mark about his actions, steals money from his father's wallet, and frames Mark for his crimes.

• Serious violations of rules: Henry skips school, disobeys his parents, and runs away from home

1. Triggering Event: The attack is usually precipitated by an emotional response. For instance, a person might be laughing at a joke, feeling excited, or experiencing sudden anger.

2. Onset: The onset of muscle weakness is sudden. The individual may feel their knees buckling, jaw slackening, or their head drooping. The severity can vary from mild (slight drooping of the eyelids) to severe (collapse to the ground).

3. Muscle Weakness: The muscle weakness can affect various parts of the body. Commonly, the facial muscles (jaw dropping), neck muscles (head dropping), or limbs (buckling knees, dropping objects) are involved. In severe cases, the person might collapse completely, becoming unable to move.

4. Consciousness and Awareness: Despite the loss of muscle control, the person remains fully conscious and aware of their surroundings. They can hear and see everything happening around them but cannot respond or move until the episode passes.

5. Duration: The duration of a cataplexy attack can range from a few seconds to several minutes. Most attacks are brief, lasting less than two minutes.

6. Recovery: Recovery is usually quick and complete. Once the episode ends, muscle control returns, and the person can resume their activities. There are typically no residual effects after an attack.

7. Frequency and Impact: The frequency of cataplexy attacks varies widely among individuals. Some may experience multiple episodes a day, while others may have them infrequently. The impact on daily life can be significant, leading to avoidance of situations that might trigger strong emotions.

In summary, a cataplexy attack involves sudden muscle weakness triggered by emotions, with the person remaining fully aware throughout the episode. The condition can be managed with lifestyle adjustments and medication to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.

Kiran Maski, MD, MPH, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, discusses the underdiagnosis of narcolepsy, related disorders, and the related diagnostic odyssey that patients face. Narcolepsy is underdiagnosed, likely a result of poor awareness and recognition of the symptoms. This results in a very long process of accurate diagnosis, which may result from a misunderstanding of the symptoms and, thus, treatment for something else. An example is described with sleepiness and fatigue, which may be interpreted as a psychiatric disorder or related to depression. Dr Maski discusses that in children, sleepiness can often look like daytime behavioral issues, like moodiness and hyperactivity – sometimes being diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD). Overall, there are several ways the diagnosis can be delayed. Dr Maski presented a project at the World Sleep Conference where they developed a pediatric hyper-somnolence screening tool to help identify patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy sooner. The qualitative survey was developed from the issue of delayed diagnosis – specifically with narcolepsy – but did include the experience of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia in its development. Interviews with patients, their parents, and their teachers were conducted to discover the signs and symptoms, which retrospectively should have been brought to medical attention earlier. A survey was constructed out of this, which was later tested and validated in different groups – finding that if the pediatric hypersomnia survey demonstrated a total score greater than 24, a patient yielded a very high sensitivity of over 80% and specificity of over 80% for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Dr Maski hopes this tool can help patients get the correct diagnosis in a timelier fashion. This interview took place at the World Sleep Conference 2022 in Rome, Italy.

In the premiere episode of "The Me You Can't See," co-creators Oprah Winfrey and Prince Harry, along with individuals like Lady Gaga and Olympic boxer Virginia "Ginny" Fuchs, share candid insights into their personal mental health journeys. Their stories provide valuable lessons on the impact of mental health on communication, the importance of creating supportive environments, normalizing help-seeking behavior, addressing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and embracing resilience and self-care. This episode offers profound insights into the intersection of mental health and communication, inspiring empathy and understanding.

- People with this condition have significant daytime drowsiness and sudden urges to fall asleep.

-They also experience a sudden loss of muscle control with retention of clear consciousness that follows a strong emotional stimulus.

-This can cause serious problems in their daily routine and can be mistaken for seizure activity.

-While cataplexy is often associated with narcolepsy, the Sleep Foundation points out that “30% of cataplexy episodes are related to other disorders''.

As a child, Burton lied, cheated at games, shoplifted, and stole money from his mother’s purse. He was sent to a juvenile reformatory at age 16. While there, he slashed another boy with a razor blade in a fight. In the hospital, the psychiatrists interviewed Burton and his adoptive parents, conducted an encephalogram (deemed normal), and measured his IQ at 112. He showed no interest in psychotherapy, insulted staff members, and left abruptly after a 16-day stay. He was described as “unimproved” on discharge.

Burton was followed up 30 years later at age 48. Burton, appearing old and haggard, was living in an impoverished neighborhood in a nearby community. He admitted to more than 20 arrests and five felony convictions on charges ranging from attempted murder and armed robbery to driving while intoxicated. He had spent more than 17 years in prison. Burton reported nine hospitalizations for alcohol detoxification, the most recent occurring earlier that year. Burton had never held a full-time job and had lived in six states; he had moved more than 20 times in 10 years. Burton’s common-law marriage was described as unsatisfactory, and he admitted committing spousal abuse. He occasionally attended Alcoholics Anonymous meetings but otherwise did not socialize. When asked, Burton admitted that he had not yet settled down and still got a “charge out of doing dangerous things.”

Conduct Disorder CD
1. Bullying
2. Weapon usage
3. Cruel with animal
4. Vandalism
5. Arson
6. Theft
7. Tantrum

Pyromania
1. Starting fire

Kleptomania
1. Recurrent Urges to Steal
2. Tension Before Stealing: Experiencing increasing tension, anxiety, or arousal before committing the theft.
3. Pleasure or Relief During and After Theft

1. Stop following all the fitness influencer
2. Stop checking your body
3. Stop placing value in your body

The key messages here are highly applicable to life in general. The idea that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, and that we need to find what works for us as individuals, is an important lesson. In doing so, it offers a powerful message about the transformative potential of finding the right support and the invaluable worth of each individual's mental health journey. Mental health is just as crucial as physical health, and we should all strive to take care of our overall wellbeing.

I would encourage you to take the lessons and insights from this episode and apply them broadly. Be open-minded and willing to try different approaches to address the challenges you face. Recognize that what works for someone else may not work for you, and that's okay. Most importantly, don't be afraid to seek help when you need it - there is no shame in prioritizing your mental health. Approach life with the same personalized, compassionate mindset that this episode promotes.

From this i get to know that addressing childhood trauma and mental health challenges early can significantly impact long-term well-being. So, early support and intervention are crucial for mitigating the effects of trauma. Next, athletes face unique pressures that can impact mental health. It's important to raise awareness and break down stigma surrounding mental health issues in sports, encouraging athletes to seek help without fear of judgment. Moreover, the effectiveness of therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and trauma-focused therapies, along with community support and advocacy, play a crucial role in healing and recovery from mental health challenges.

• Emma's Struggle with Anxiety and Panic Attacks: Emma's college years are fraught with anxiety and panic attacks, disrupting her daily life. Through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), she learns to challenge negative thought patterns and manage her symptoms effectively.

• Chris's Journey with PTSD: Chris, a military veteran, grapples with PTSD symptoms stemming from his combat experiences. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy offer him a path to confront and process his traumatic memories, paving the way for emotional healing.

• Marie's Experience with Postpartum Depression: Marie's journey through postpartum depression after childbirth highlights the emotional toll of this condition on new mothers. With supportive psychotherapy and self-care techniques, she finds solace and learns to navigate the challenges of motherhood.

• John's Battle with Depression and Burnout: John, a high school teacher, faces depression and burnout amidst the demands of his profession. Through CBT and stress management strategies, he addresses negative thought patterns and reclaims a sense of balance and purpose in his life.

The episode underscores the importance of destigmatizing mental health struggles and embracing holistic approaches to well-being. Through empathy, understanding, and effective therapy, individuals like Emma, Chris, Marie, and John embark on transformative journeys toward resilience and recovery.

Understand the Condition

1. Educate Yourself: Learn about trichotillomania to understand the challenges the person is facing. This knowledge can help you respond more empathetically and effectively.

Offer Emotional Support

2. Be Compassionate: Show empathy and avoid judgment. Understand that trichotillomania is a mental health condition and not a sign of weakness or a lack of self-control.

3. Listen Actively: Encourage the person to talk about their experiences and feelings. Listen without interrupting or offering unsolicited advice.

Encourage Professional Help

4. Suggest Therapy: Recommend seeing a mental health professional who specializes in trichotillomania or related disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly Habit Reversal Training (HRT), is often effective.

5. Medication: In some cases, medication prescribed by a healthcare provider can help manage symptoms.

Create a Supportive Environment

6. Reduce Stress: Help create a low-stress environment, as stress can trigger hair-pulling episodes.

7. Promote Healthy Activities: Encourage involvement in activities that keep the hands busy and distract from hair-pulling, such as crafts, sports, or musical instruments.

Perceived Flaw Fixation (Brown)

• Focus on perceived flaws like facial features, birthmarks, or body fat.

Engages in Compensative Behavior (Orange)

• Actions include mirror checking, body pinching, covering flaws, and avoiding mirrors.

Temporary Relief (Light Purple)

• Short-term relief by reducing body checking or getting social affirmations.

Feelings of Shame/Guilt/Sadness (Light Blue)

• Leads to feelings of hopelessness, social isolation, and depression.

Increased Compensatory Behavior (Pink)

• Escalation to more frequent checking, considering cosmetic surgery, or adding new checking behaviors.

During her part of the documentary, she spoke about the trauma she experienced growing up in a dysfunctional family, experiencing abuse, inflicting self-harm towards herself at a very young age and specifically being sexually assaulted and harassed during her teens by her own peers in the music industry.

This was a conflicting story for me because growing up and being very heavily influenced by the pop culture there is no denying the existence of the amazing and strong, influential name that is Lady Gaga, and having to hear her undergo such awful situations especially at such a young age not only made me in awe of her strength but also angry and sad. However, what caught my attention during her part was how she mentioned and emphasizes on recovery not being one straight line and how sometimes there is no black and white when it comes to your emotions and the works of our psyche. Lady Gaga also mentioned feeling immense physical pain despite having any apparent injury. Which proves the strong correlation between our psychological and physical aspect. She was also quick to mention about the stigma that many have regarding the recovery process of a mental health disorder and it being an instant recovery which is clearly not. There are multiple articles backing this statement and how it causes a lot of frustrations towards the person suffering with mental health issues. Recovering from a mental health disorder is a lifelong process and it has its ups and downs, as I quote from her "sometimes all it takes is getting triggered once to feel bad".

Lastly, I also love that in midst of all the pain and negativity that she spoke of, she ended her part of the documentary with an uplifting note as she showed how daily routines as simple as showering, eating on time, exercising, meditating and nutrition can be grounding and help us get better.

During this part of the episode there were a few terms that I learnt which is

Psychotic Break - which is referring to a psychosis episode. Psychosis refers to a collection of symptoms that affect the mind, where there has been some loss of contact with reality. During an episode of psychosis, a person’s thoughts and perceptions are disrupted and they may have difficulty recognizing what is real and what is not.

Trigger--Triggers are sensory reminders that cause painful memories or certain symptoms to resurface.

I feel like this series if a good start for students to learn about the different mental health disorders and its correlating effects on daily life as well as learn the importance of self-preservation, family support and therapy towards having a better mental health.

https://bhbhospital.com/blog/the-5-stages-of-mental-health-recovery/?__cf_chl_tk=DkoghY20fYMtbCh4FAsVWerH_pOkoZDhXmc2KOG6ITg-1718963871-0.0.1.1-3561

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis

https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-a-trigger

" Even a broken vase can be used to create a beautiful art, why can't a broken person be a beautiful person"

" Everyone is beautiful and special all you have to do is believe that you are".

In it, we saw a man from Manipur, India, opening up about their past experiences. Of which, consisted of scattered recollections of feelings of loneliness and separation all throughout his life. He professed he felt different from his peers even from a young age. And that growing up without the internet or any form of connections had forced his thoughts and feelings to become confined solely within him.

This overall, vague description of his struggles persisted for a while. The audience, as if to never be told what it is he was talking about, could only wait. Until it was finally revealed that this man, once condemned to life of isolation, became the CEO of Team Ya_All, a sexual minority outreach group that provides care hotlines for minority groups seeking for support.

It only becomes apparent to the audience now, that this entire time, he struggled as a queer individual belonging to a sexual minority group. But I can’t help but feel, it would have been clear from the start what he was struggling with, if the audience had gone through what the man did. And I wonder, how many among us watching, could relate to his feelings of hurt, of isolation.

Sadam Hanjabam’s journey was nothing less than poetic, a man without voice, growing up to provide the very thing he lacked, to others.

DeRozan reveals that he has been struggling with depression and anxiety for a significant portion of his life, from the day he was a kid until he was a high-profile athlete. He felt helpless and hopeless, as he described it: “Being depressed is like being in the darkest and coldest part of the ocean, with a hundred-pound weight on my ankle." . The effects of depression had a great impact on him in various aspects of his life until he felt it was hard to continue his life and find a way out.

It’s glad to see that he was able to give himself a precious chance to speak publicly about his struggles with mental health. In my opinion, it is not a shame to expose our problem or our weakness to people we are familiar with. We need mental support and encouragement from our parents, friends, teammates, and so on. Demar’s experience indirectly exposed more NBA players who suffered from mental health issues. This is the time for them to address their mental health issue from the roots so that they can have a happier and more burden-free life in the future.

Throughout Demar’s journey, we have learned that it is never too late to expose our mental health problems and seek help from someone we know and are familiar with. We need a group of support systems to express and solve our problems so that we will not be suppressed and feel more relieved

The Friendship Bench provides sustainable, community-based psychological interventions that are evidence-based, accessible, and scalable. Whenever the people in the community experience any problem, they will reach out to “Granny to express their problems and issues, as she is deemed someone that can be trusted.

From Gutuza’s story, we can see her resilience and courage. She was traumatized and suffered from mental health issues before, but she refused to let her past bad experiences define her future. She made herself perseverant and brave to address the problem, and eventually she embarked on a journey of recovery and healing. Gutuza is raising awareness within the community to pay attention to the mental health issue.

“The more we talk, the more we heal, this is what Gutuza said in the documentary. This is also the vital process by which she recovered from her previous trauma. Gutuza emphasizes the vital role of community, and this is why she is the one who becomes the problem solver in the community. The compassion and solidarity that we get from others is something incredible that can give us hope and encouragement during our darkest moments. The compassion and solidarity that we get from others is something incredible that can give us hope and encouragement during our darkest moments.

To sum up, what we have learned from Forget Gutuza is that it is more soothing to speak out about your problems, as we will be getting better after speaking out, and other people also have the chance to know our problems and can lend a hand to us. It is a great example of showing the sustainability of a community by using the resources they have to solve the problem, just like the Frendship Bench did.

The first movie that introduced me Robin Williams was “Night at the Museum”. That movie was so memorable to me because it shows how the mannequins in the museum come to life at night. Robin Williams played as the protagonist’s righthand man to help the protagonist to solve an issue in the museum. At such a young age, Robin Williams acting really impressed me because he had really impactful lines in the movie. Quotes such as “I’m made of wax, Larry. What are you made of?” and “If it can be dreamed, it can be done.”. After the movie ended, my elder sister told me that Robin Williams is a great actor and she really enjoys his works. I guess you really cannot judge a book by its cover, although Robin Williams portrays himself to be so wholesome and happy in the media, no one knew that he was struggling with mental issues.

Everybody knows that having a father figure to look up to when one is growing up is important for a person’s growth. Losing a father figure at a young age can really impact a child’s life greatly. Zak really had it hard for him as he did not know what his father was going through and the death of his father was published on the media to the public. Zak shared that he really had a hard time accepting and moving on about his father’s death that he was coping these emotions with alcohol and drugs. This further leads him down the rabbit hole where he was suffering from depression. He thought drinking helped him as his thoughts would slow down. Zak mentioned that he told his father about it and he too admitted it is fine to use them for relaxation. Frequent use of alcohol and drugs in turn lead to abuse.

I like the name of this episode “Asking for Help”, as the stories in this episode really convey the message that everyone should ask for help when they do not feel ok. One will ask keep their feelings to oneself and be afraid to share about it. I believe as we encourage the public to ask for help, seeking opinions and counselling from the professionals, it will destigmatise help-seeking. Everyone deserves to ask for help no matter who they are. Many individuals may feel ashamed or fear judgement if they admit to struggling with their mental health. Awareness campaign aim to normalise the idea that asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness. This episode truly emphasised the importance of asking for help so that it empowers individuals to take control of their mental health. It encourages self-awareness and self-advocacy, helping people recognise when they need support and feel confident in reaching out to professionals or trusted individuals for assistance.