https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei en-us 2023-05-11 08:28:31 UTC 2023-06-23 13:11:53 UTC hello@padlet.com elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586848386 Phages (short for bacteriophages) are viruses that infect bacteria. They have a unique structure and several properties that distinguish them from other viruses. Here are some key features of phages:

1. Structure: Phages consist of a protein capsid that encloses their genetic material, which can be either DNA or RNA. Some phages also have an envelope or an outer membrane made up of lipids that surround their capsid. The shape of the capsid can be either icosahedral or filamentous.
2. Host specificity: Phages are highly specific in their choice of host bacteria. Each phage can infect only a limited range of bacterial species or strains. This specificity is due to the recognition of specific receptors on the bacterial surface by the phage.
3. Lytic and lysogenic cycles: Phages can undergo two different life cycles upon infection of a host bacterium. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the host cell and release of new phages, while the lysogenic cycle results in the integration of the phage DNA into the host chromosome, forming a prophage that replicates along with the host DNA.
4. Rapid replication: Phages can replicate very quickly within a host bacterium, with a single infected cell producing thousands of new phages in just a few hours.
5. Genetic diversity: Phages are the most diverse biological entities on Earth, with an estimated 10^31 different phages in the biosphere. This diversity is due to the high mutation rate and recombination of phage genomes, as well as the rapid evolution driven by host bacteria.
6. Potential therapeutic applications: Because of their specificity and ability to rapidly replicate within bacterial cells, phages have been proposed as potential alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.

]]> 2023-05-11 08:30:40 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586848386 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586849052 2023-05-11 08:31:08 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586849052 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586849499 2023-05-11 08:31:32 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586849499 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586852876 2023-05-11 08:34:08 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586852876 fabhol1 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586854643 2023-05-11 08:35:32 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586854643 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586856495 Discuss 5 groups:

1. Do you know other areas where phages could be useful?
2. Why is it important to preserve it when developing new antimicrobials?
3. Do you know other biotech-companies and if so, what product do they develop?
4. What are some challenges that need to be overcome in the development and regulation of phage-based therapies, and how might these challenges be addressed?
5. What are some potential applications of phage technology beyond antimicrobial therapy, and how might these applications impact fields like biotechnology, environmental science, or molecular biology?

]]> 2023-05-11 08:36:53 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586856495 fabhol1 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586857315 2023-05-11 08:37:35 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586857315 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586862954 2023-05-11 08:41:49 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586862954 fabhol1 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586866950

convertible credit: A type of debt security that can be converted into equity or stock at a certain point in the future.

exquisitely: Extremely or intensely, often used to describe something that is very finely crafted or precise.

inherited: Passed down from one generation to another, often referring to genetic traits or characteristics.

adaptive: Able to change or adjust in response to new circumstances or challenges, often referring to evolutionary processes.

susceptibility: The state of being vulnerable or prone to a particular disease or condition, often referring to the susceptibility of a particular population or individual.

host specificity: The ability of a pathogen or parasite to infect only a particular host species or group of closely related species.

capsid: The protein shell that encloses the genetic material of a virus.

microbiome: The community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) that inhabit a particular environment or host organism.

antimicrobials: Agents (such as antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals) that are used to treat or prevent infections caused by microorganisms.

cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs, characterized by the buildup of thick mucus and frequent respiratory infections.

]]> 2023-05-11 08:44:47 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586866950 fabhol1 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586879814 Some question:

1. How can improved infection control practices help prevent the spread of multiresitant becteria in healthcare settings?
2. What are some of the ethical considerations surrounding the use of experimental therapies to treat multiresitant becteria infections?
3. What are the potential long-term consequences of failing to control the spread of multiresitant becteria?
4. What research is needed to improve our understanding of multiresitant becteria and develop more effective strategies for controlling their spread?

]]> 2023-05-11 08:54:29 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586879814 fabhol1 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586900503

Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriaceae is a family of bacteria that includes several genera, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which can cause a range of infections in humans.

Carbapenemase: Carbapenemases are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that can break down carbapenem antibiotics, which are often used as a last resort for treating bacterial infections. The presence of carbapenemases in bacteria can make them resistant to these antibiotics.

Antimicrobial stewardship: Antimicrobial stewardship refers to a set of strategies aimed at promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics and reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. This can include efforts to optimize antibiotic prescribing, promote the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

Multidrug-resistant: Multidrug-resistant refers to bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. These bacteria can pose a significant challenge for clinicians as they limit the available treatment options for infections caused by them.

Infection control: Infection control refers to a set of measures designed to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. This can include practices such as hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and isolation precautions for infected patients.

]]> 2023-05-11 09:11:02 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586900503 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586906819

Improved infection control practices, such as hand hygiene and disinfection protocols, can reduce the transmission of CRE between patients and healthcare workers, and limit the development of antibiotic resistance.

The use of experimental therapies to treat CRE infections raises concerns about safety, efficacy, and access.

Failing to control the spread of CRE can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs due to the development of antibiotic resistance.

Research is needed to improve our understanding of the genetics and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in CRE, as well as to investigate new diagnostic methods, therapies, and infection control practices. Additionally, more research is needed to develop ethical guidelines for the use of experimental therapies.

]]> 2023-05-11 09:15:52 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2586906819 elias20022 https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2589455236 Do you think phages will one day play an important role in our life?]]> 2023-05-13 10:39:18 UTC https://padlet.com/outlyingbendgroup/nxk785glsy9od3ei/wish/2589455236