Varieties of English and Language Registers by Andra Israel

Filipino English

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:43:35 UTC

Filipino English has progressively diverged from American English, giving rise to its own unique linguistic conventions and characteristics.

Example:

AFAM

A Tagalog slang used to describe foreigners from western countries.

Video Credit: https://youtu.be/hykWMcLxnq4?si=5kEZuEmE4GAq4jSF

Singaporean English

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:43:57 UTC

Singapore English, also called Singaporean English, is a dialect used in the Republic of Singapore, a lingua franca influenced by Chinese and Malay. While Singapore English is a variant of English, Singlish (also known as Singapore Colloquial English) is a language on its own with a different grammatical structure.

REF : Nordquist,R. (2019). Singapore English and Singlish. ThoughtCo.

URL : https://youtu.be/aoZIF59Qsiw?si=IHyXVe549derpjtG

Indian English (Indo-English, IndE, IE)

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:55:55 UTC

English is the associate official language of India. It is used in the legal system, pan-Indian and regional administration, the armed forces, national business, and the media. Thomas Babington Macaulay is credited with introducing English education and Western concepts to India.

REF : Ghosh,S.,C.(2006). Bentinck, Macaulay and the Introduction of English Education in India. Taylor&Francis Online

URL : https://youtu.be/PI709plS2uk?si=gwmDUrJsHyumYH8T

Australian English

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:56:19 UTC

Australian English is often considered to be a mixture of standard British English and standard American English, as it shares features with both varieties

https://youtu.be/k_FgtFxmkaU?si=P8gI3JwTyIvolyks

Maori (New Zealand) English

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:56:40 UTC

It is English influenced by the Maori language, which is one of the official languages of New Zealand along with English. Maori New Zealand English reflects Maori cultural and linguistic heritage by combining Maori vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and idiomatic expressions with Maori spoken English.

https://youtu.be/-MTpaxSm8NQ?si=JFi5K-ydtwXdZV0j

African American Vernacular English

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:57:04 UTC

Adding, subtracting, and replacing keywords, vowels, and consonants separates this type of English from Standard American English.

https://youtu.be/sPcGNBuaxdc?si=JUkvFqjM5numj5iJ

Cockney English (a kind of British English)

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:57:32 UTC

The Cockney accent is a distinctive form of British English associated with working-class Londoners, particularly those from the East End of London. It's characterized by dropping the 'h' sound at the beginning of words, using rhyming slang, and certain vowel changes, such as the pronunciation of 'th' as 'f' or 'v'.

https://youtu.be/GmJQjiKR17c?si=iL-shtO-OkBQfz3w

South African English

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:57:56 UTC

It is similar to British English in terms of grammar and spelling; however, there are several differences. For example, South Africans tend to pronounce “th" as "f" or drop it all together

https://youtu.be/yQndDaSchx4?si=Wq-fMxUkn6K-lT8I

Standard English (USA or Philippines)

rrianev — 2024-03-17 11:58:16 UTC

A genuine linguistic variation and an idealised standard of English that is appropriate in many social contexts. It is taught around the world and it is understood by all speakers of the language. It uses correct grammatical rules and can be thought of as the formal, official or the polite way of speaking or writing.

https://youtu.be/b2f2Kqt_KcE?si=MfDzjOYvRzP5OZqQ

FROZEN SPEECH

rrianev — 2024-03-19 15:14:59 UTC

Frozen speech, characterized by highly formal and ritualistic language, is commonly used in solemn occasions to convey respect and tradition. One example is during wedding vows, where couples express their lifelong commitment using standardized phrases and expressions. Other instances of frozen speech include religious ceremonies, where prayers and liturgical texts follow established scripts, and legal proceedings, where oaths and declarations adhere to strict formalities.

https://youtu.be/Zk1BZ71mqIA?si=AQsS0o8n15MzDF2I

FORMAL SPEECH

rrianev — 2024-03-19 15:15:18 UTC

Used in formal or serious situations such as workplace environments, dinner parties, job interviews, and places that require respect such as Government buildings, and more.

https://youtu.be/naIkpQ_cIt0?si=VHAU8rbOPXUQvY8u

CASUAL SPEECH

rrianev — 2024-03-19 15:15:26 UTC

Used in relaxed or informal conversations, it can be between or among friends, peers, colleagues, or family who share a common knowledge or interest.

https://youtu.be/hVN7TJRRskQ?si=fEyobHDHAD67BkbM

CONSULTATIVE SPEECH

rrianev — 2024-03-19 15:15:40 UTC

A job interview can be considered an excellent illustration of consultative speech style, given that the interviewer and interviewee discuss to share information and determine each other's suitability for the position.

Video Credit: https://youtu.be/7UeAzfSIvRo?si=cbkICEYff08rYXyF

INTIMATE SPEECH

rrianev — 2024-03-19 15:15:47 UTC

This communication is private. It is reserved for close family members or other intimate relationships. It often has its own special words or codes.

https://youtu.be/UjcdUbb4w7Y?si=O-vSOIOslXQzVpHp

Pidgin

khriztianteves70 — 2024-03-20 14:32:21 UTC

Pidgin English is widely spoken in countries like Nigeria, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, and Cameroon, with variations in each country but generally being mutually intelligible.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYQ19AR9pGc

Varieties of English

cassandranudo04 — 2024-03-21 01:15:59 UTC

The history of how the varieties of English emerged is complex but at the same time, fascinating. Varieties of language develop for a number of reasons: differences can come about for geographical reasons; people who live in different geographic areas often develop distinct dialects—variations of standard English.

Reference: Pennock-Speck, B., & Lamvered. (2020, March 2). Why So Much Variety in English? ndla.no.

Language Registers

cassandranudo04 — 2024-03-21 02:08:12 UTC

In 1967, linguist Martin Joos identified five registers of language or styles of English usage, and these continue to be recognized today. They exist in every world language. Joos found that using the wrong register of language can be socially offensive. The five registers are frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate.

Reference: Force, P. J. a. C. T. (2022, April 20). Registers of language. Alliance Times-Herald.