Cromlechs: Megalith arranged in circles

Post: vertical stone

Lintel: horizontal stone

Mortis: recess joint construction

Tennon: stud joint construction

Menhir: tall upright stone

creation of wheel and plow

Akkadian: ca. 2000 BC
Babylonian: ca. 1700 BC
Assyrian: ca. 700 BC
Late Babylonian: ca. 600 BC
Persian: ca. 500 BC

shells for eyes, always watching, always praying

apotropaic device: ward off evil spirits

made of bronze

stele: stone marker or monument

depicts Naram-Sin having led a victorious battle on a mountain

he is depicted larger and wears a crown of gods

composite perspective

two suns represent gods

-made from volcanic stone

-left Hammurabi, right Shamash sun god and god of law

-Shamash has flames a throne is larger represents power

-depicts Shamash giving Hammurabi a ring and scepter, power and divine laws

-composite view

-Intimidate and guard the gate

-legs look stationary from front walking from side

-Ba relief or shallow relief

-were once painted

-Only king could hunt lions, showed his power

made of brick and copper for the blue

Lions goddess protection

Bulls god of thunder nature

Dragons god marda patron god of Babylon

international communication and power

-carved entirely in profile except eyes

-uses hierarchal scale

Mastaba: an ancient Egyptian tomb rectangular in shape with sloping sides and a flat roof

Jewelry words
Cloisonne: “Fenced in” (enamel paste fired inside raised metal strips)
Cartouche: an oval shape used to frame a name

Hypostyle hall: A room with many columns
Sunken relief: a technique in relief sculpture where the image is set within a recessed area
Altar Stele: a small stone shrine for a home or garden
Book of the Dead:

wax perfume cones: the little eggs on people in wall paintings

central figure(Narmer), larger, composite view, hat hat, beard, tail

-depicts lower Egypt conquering upper Egypt

-back shows decapitation of enemies, leopards form circle indent, bull nocking down city

-pyramid symbols closer to God, sun

-column symbols death an rebirth

-made of cut stone

-small ones for wife and priests

-in order close to far Menkaure, Khafra, Khufu

-depicts servants (since they are in profile) feeding oryxes

-part of a tomb wall painting

-focused on linework and outline rather than shading or color

-mortuary temple more than a tomb

-ramps for carrying barge once a year representing journey of dead

-vertical column walls match the cliffs behind temple

-Hatshepsut was a female king

-female figure shown with breast, king like shown by beard and head dress

-jars are ma-hat representing order

-kneeling before the gods

-all 4 seated statues are Ramesses

-little amen Ra god in the middle

-wives are statues at his feet

-inside there are additional column statues of Ramesses

-whole temple and statues were moved in the 1960s

-solid gold with colored stones like lapiz

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-heart is weighed by thoth

-horis take him to anubis the final underworld judge

-sun rays represent sun god and eternal life

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-made of stone core with plaster layer then painted

-very angular low poly count slice triangles

Ashlar masonry: stonework composed of precisely cut, rectangular blocks, often used to create smooth, even surfaces in construction

-made of marble used to be painted

-found in graves

-purpose unknown, for holding spirit, representing slaves or fertility

-next to biggest room with partial plumbing

-very good at pottery pieces found in different culture evidence of trade

-this pot has lots of circles

-style called marine style

-possible spectator sport involving acrobatics on a bull

-Minoan columns

-looks like an alter type construction

-thought to be a tomb

-example of corbel dome, earliest dome architecture

-made with ashlar masonry fitted smooth stones

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-possibly tampered with, its the only one with facial hair

-definitely not actually Agamemnon

-used as a grave marker

-coloration made by painting, firing in oxygen starved oven then oxidizing baking a soot layer into the paint