These hormones control many important fuctions, such as growth and development, metabolism, anda reproduction.

Parts of Endocrine System:

Hypothalamus: controls and coordinates the functioning and reales of hormones.

Pituitary gland: Acts as a connecting nucleus so that the SNC can send orders to Endocrine glands.

Epiphysis: producer of melatonine and controls sleep-wakefulness.

Unit 6:The Reproductive System.

Set of tissues, glands, anda organs that participe in procreation.

We have 2. A womans Reproductive System, and Man Reproductive System

Womans Reproductive System;

• Ovaries: The ovaries produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs, which can become embryos if fertilized by a male sperm. Female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) help control the menstrual cycle, breast development, and other functions.

• Fallopian tubes: The uterine tubes or fallopian tubes are tubular organs located at the top of the broad ligament on each side of the uterus. Its function is to transport the eggs from the ovaries to the uterine cavity and allow the passage of sperm from the external genitalia and the uterus to the peritoneum.

• Uterus: Once the egg leaves the ovary it can be fertilized and implants in the walls of the uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus before birth.

• Cervix: Final, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus and vagina (birth canal). The cervix allows fluids, such as menstrual blood, to pass from the uterus to the vagina, and widens during childbirth.

• Vagina: Its opening is between the urethra (where urine leaves the body) and the anus (where feces leave the body). Menstrual blood leaves the body through the vagina. The vagina also allows sexual intercourse and is the route through which the baby passes at birth.

Mens Reproductive System:

The male reproductive system is made up of the penis, scrotum, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate and seminal vesicles. The penis and urethra are part of the urinary and reproductive system.

• The penis consists of the root (which is attached to the lower abdominal structures and pelvic bones), the visible part of the shaft, and the glans of the penis (the cone-shaped end). The opening of the urethra (the canal that carries semen and urine) is located at the tip of the glans penis. The base of the glans is called the crown. In uncircumcised men, the foreskin starts from the crown and covers the glans.

• The scrotum is a thick skin sac that surrounds and protects the testicles. In addition, it acts as a temperature control system for the testicles, because they need to be at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature to promote normal sperm development. The cremaster muscle in the wall of the scrotum relaxes to allow the testicles to move away from the body to cool, or contracts to pull them closer to the body for warmth and protection.

• The epididymis consists of a single microscopic spiral duct that is almost 6 m long. The epididymis collects sperm from the testicle and provides the proper environment for sperm to mature and gain the ability to move through the female reproductive system and fertilize an egg. Each testicle has an epididymis.

• The prostate is located just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra. It is the size of a walnut in young men and grows with age. When the prostate becomes too enlarged, it obstructs the flow of urine through the urethra and causes bothersome urinary symptoms.

Unit 7. Urinary System

Set of organs that produce and eliminate urine from the body. The urinary system is divided into two parts: the upper urinary system includes the kidneys and ureters (upper urinary tract), and the lower urinary system includes the bladder and urethra (lower urinary tract).

• The kidneys remove waste and excess fluid from the body. The kidneys also remove acid produced by the body's cells and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals (such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium) in the blood.

• The ureters are thin tubes of muscle that connect the kidneys to the bladder and carry urine to the bladder. The bladder is a hollow, muscular, balloon-shaped organ that expands as it fills with urine. The bladder is located in the pelvis between the hip bones.

• The bladder (sometimes called the urinary bladder) is a balloon-shaped organ located in the lower abdomen, near the pelvis. Urine from the kidneys accumulates in the bladder until it is eliminated from the body.

• The urethra is a tube located at the bottom of the bladder that allows urine to leave the body during urination. All parts of the urinary tract—the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra—must work together for urine to flow properly.