Invertebrate Project by https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6 Overview of the 9 Phylum en-us 2018-04-24 02:13:54 UTC 2023-05-21 16:37:23 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Pictureland.png Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254661240
  • Live on the sea floor
  • Have porous bodies (no specialized tissues)
  • Characterized by special cells called choanocytes

    • ]]>     2018-04-24 02:23:43 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254661240     Reproduction orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254662327 Sponges are hermaphrodites
    • Male and female gametes are formed
    • Male gametes disperse into the water column and female gametes stay inside the organism
    • Male gametes will fertilize the female gametes and a larvae is formed
    • Larvae are pelagic and swim to a new site to start a new organism
    ]]>     2018-04-24 02:31:39 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254662327     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254665106
  • Have Radial Symmetry
  • Diploblastic
  • Gastrovascular Cavity: body plan that is made up of a sac within a sac
  • Cnidocysts (used to catch food)
  • Carnivorous - use their tenticles to push food into their gastrovascular cavity
  • Use Nematocysts to inject poison into their prey, inhibiting or killing them
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 02:49:09 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254665106     Body Plan orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254665540 Polyps:
    • Sessile in location, these body types will sit and wait for prey to come by (Hydras and anemones)
    Medusas:
    • Flattened down mouth versions and passively drift with the current (Sea Jellies)
    ]]>     2018-04-24 02:52:29 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254665540     Body Plan orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254665838 Body Plan:
    • Large sac with holes throughout the sides
    • Water is drawn into a large central cavity called the spongocoel and let out through the large hole on the top, called the osculum.
    • Currents are formed and food is trapped by flagellated cells call Choanocytes which line the spongocoel (also called Collar Cells)
    • Amebocytes wander throughout the inner cells transporting nutrients and form spicules for support
    ]]>     2018-04-24 02:54:39 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254665838     Reproduction orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254671379
  • All are capable of sexual reproduction although many do most of their reproduction asexually
  • Polyps produce asexually and new individuals or "clones" are created from new buds of the parent polyp - once the bud is big enough it breaks off as a new polyp
  • Many are hermaphrodites
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 03:34:58 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254671379     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254671849
  • Examples: Snails, Slugs, Clams, Mussels, Octopi, and Squid
  • Soft-bodied, some contained within shells

    • ]]>     2018-04-24 03:38:53 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254671849     Body Plan orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254672325 Mantle
    • Secretes the shell
    Visceral Mass
    • Most of the internal organs are located here, except for the gills and anus
    Muscular Foot
    • Used for locomotion (movement)
    ]]>     2018-04-24 03:43:00 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254672325     Reproduction/Life Cycle orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254672961
  • Mollusks use sexual reproduction to pass on there genes
  • usually a male and a female with the exception of some snails that are hermaphroditic
  • Some organisms such as oysters change there sex many time throughout their life
  • in aquatic environments the most common form of fertilization is external,  whereas fertilization in terrestrial snails is internal.
  • The diverse nature of this phylum is shown also in the many different methods of reproduction
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 03:47:58 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254672961     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254673169
  • Bilaterally symmetrical
  • Range in size from much less than 1 millimeter to more than 3 meters
  • Body divided into segments by transverse rings, or annulations
  • Annelids include more than 9,000 species among three classes
  • Most live in the ocean where they either float, burrow, wander on the bottom, or live in self-constructed tubes
    • Three classes: 
    • Marine worms (Polychaeta) which are divided into free-moving, tube-dwelling forms
    • Earthworms (Oligochaeta)
    • Leeches (Hirudinea)

    ]]>     2018-04-24 03:49:36 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254673169     Body Plan orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254674199
  • Body is divided into segments by transverse rings
  • Almost all annelids have a fluid-filled cavity between the outer body wall and the gut, referred to as a coelom
  • Palps, antennae, eyes, statocysts, nuchal organs, and lateral organs help with sensory function
    • Coelom
    • used as a storage area for gametes and acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for locomotion
    • some leeches and small polychaetes have little or no coelomic space
    Body Wall
    • Body covered by an external cuticle that is never shed or molted
    • A layer of circular muscle beneath the epidermis forms a nearly continuous sheath around the body

    ]]>     2018-04-24 03:57:45 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254674199     Reproduction/Life Cycle orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254674905
  • Sexual or Asexual
  • Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation, budding, or fission
  • Among the sexually reproducing annelids hermaphrodites are common, but most species have separate sexes
  • Fertilized eggs of marine annelids usually develop into free-swimming larvae
  • Eggs of terrestrial forms are enclosed in cocoons and hatch as mini versions of the adults
  • Ability to regenerate lost body parts is highly developed in many polychaetes and digochaetes

    • ]]>     2018-04-24 04:04:26 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254674905     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254676745
  • Known as round worms
  • Bilaterally symmetrical
  • Unsegmented
  • Pseudocoelomates (do not have a full sized body cavity)
  • Simple digestive system
  • Lack a circulatory system
  • Tough outer coat
  • Many are parasites to plants and animals
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 04:21:46 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254676745     Reproduction/Life Cycle orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254677198
  • Although there is diversity within the life cycles of different nematodes, all follow the same basic pattern of growth and reproduction
  • Seven stages of the life cycle - egg, four larval stages, two adult stages
  • Sexual reproduction is initiated by adult females that have attached themselves to a host organism
  • The female lays eggs that are passed by the host to the external environment where the eggs then pass through three developmental stages before becoming larvae
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 04:25:56 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254677198     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254677656
  • Three key features: Jointed appendages, Hard Exoskeleton, Body segmentation
  • Epidermis produces a segmented, jointed, and hardened chitinous exoskeleton with musculature between individual joints of appendages
  • Arthropoda includes crustaceans, insects, and chelicerates
  • Chelicerates: primarily terrestrial, includes horseshoe crabs and sea spiders
  • Crustaceans: marine and freshwater, absent from land
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 04:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254677656     Body and Structures orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254678725
  • Segmented bodies with some or all of the segments bearing jointed appendages
  • All have a chitinous, jointed exoskeleton
  • Simple eyes - light sensitive cells share a common lens
  • Compound eyes - thousands of closely packed units called ommatidia
    • Digestive System
    • Most arthropods have three main regions: foregut, midgut, and hindgut
    Respiration and Circulatory System
    • Extensive surface areas are needed to supply the large oxygen demands of most arthropods (this is why gills are so large) - gills can occur both inside and outside of the carapace
    • Open circulatory system as in molluscs - hearts vary in structure
    • Blood is pumped into empty spaces bathing the tissues in blood
    ]]>     2018-04-24 04:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254678725     Reproduction/Life Cycle orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254679261
  • Life starts as an egg
  • Nauplius
  • Protozoea
  • Mysis
  • Postilarval stage
  • Adult
    • With few exceptions, sexes are separate
    • sperm are commonly transferred to the female within sealed packets known as spermatophores

    ]]>     2018-04-24 04:42:12 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254679261     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254679855
  • Radial symmetry
  • Exoskeleton of Calcium Carbonate
  • Water vascular system with tube feet for movement
  • Echinodermata are all marine, triploblastic, unsegmented coelomates
    • What sets them apart:
    • Pentagonal symmetry (bilateral in larvae)
    • Calcite spicules embedded in the skin, often partly fused
    • Tube feet
    ]]>     2018-04-24 04:46:26 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254679855     Body and Structures orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254680240 Water vascular system
    • Complex system of water-filled canals 
    • Extensions of tubed feet
    • Modification of the coelom
    • Ciliated internally
    • Madreporite serve to replace water lost from the water vascular system and equalize pressure
    Tube Feet
    • Extensions of the canal system
    • Usually emerge through openings in skeletal ossicles
    • permit exchange of respiratory gases and nitrogenous waste
    • sensory functions
    Nervous Sytem
    • Echinoderms have a diffuse nervous system with no "brain"
    • Nerve ring that encircles the mouth
    • Radial nerves that extend to each arm
    • Coordinate the functions of tube feet
    • Nerve net that coordinates the function of the body wall
    ]]>     2018-04-24 04:49:21 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254680240     Reproduction/Life Cycle orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254680845
  • Sexes are separate, and discharge gametes into the sea water in response to chemo-stimulus of other gametes
  • Gonads can be large - and can be eaten as a delicacy
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 04:53:24 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254680845     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254681213
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Well-developed coelom
  • Ventral heart
  • Complete digestive tract
  • Endoskeleton (bone or cartilage or both)
    • Phylum Chordata Includes:
    1. Invertebrate Chordates
      • Subphylum Urochordata
      • Subphylum Cephalochordata
    2. Vertebrate Chordates
      • Subphylum Vertebrata
    ]]>     2018-04-24 04:56:01 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254681213     Body and Structures orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254682044 Notochord:
    • Semi-rigid rod-like structure
    • Present at some times during development
    • Made of cartilage
    • Functions: stiffening, axis for muscle attachment
    Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cord
    • Anterior end is brain
    • Is spinal chord in vertebrates
    Pharyngeal Gill Slits or Pouches
    • Location: where pharynx will be
    • Present at some time during life cycle
    Post - Anal Tail
    • Function: propulsion
    • Very good for swimming
    ]]>     2018-04-24 05:02:13 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254682044     Subphylum orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254682660 Urochordata
    • Tunicates and Sea Squirts
    • Marine bottom dwellers
    • Sessile adults with a leathery tunic
    • Larvae possess all 4 chordate trademarks
    Cephalochordata
    • Lancelets (Amphioxus)
    • Marine
    • Fish-like shape, pointed at both ends
    • Silver in color
    • Small
    • Closed circulatory system

    ]]>     2018-04-24 05:06:57 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254682660     Characteristics orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254683609
  • Known as Flatworms or Tapeworms
  • Acoelomates
  • Triploblastic
  • Have a sac body plan
  • Flatworms have a single opening
  • Tapeworms do not have a digestive tract
    • Tapeworms
    • Parasitic
    • Live in vertebrates
    • Absorb nutrients directly from the host
    Trubularians
    • Inhabit freshwater streams and marine type environments
    • Scavengers and carnivores
    Flukes (Trematoda)
    • Parasites
    • Life cycle integrates asexual and sexual reproduction
    Planarians
    • Lack organs for gas exchange and circulation
    • Move by cilia located on their ventral surface
    • More complex nervous system (able to change behavior to stimulus)
    • Have two eyespots and lateral slits used for smell


    ]]>     2018-04-24 05:16:29 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254683609     Body orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684096
  • Lack organs for gas exchange and circulation
  • Move by cilia located on their ventral surface
  • More complex nervous system (able to change behavior to stimulus)
  • Have eye spots and lateral slits used for smell
  • Sac body plan
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 05:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684096     Reproduction orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684406
  • Life cycle integrates asexual and sexual reproduction
  • Asexual reproduction through regeneration
  • Sexual reproduction except for hermaphrodites
    • ]]>     2018-04-24 05:23:38 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684406     Video orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684751 2018-04-24 05:26:24 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684751 Video orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684867 2018-04-24 05:27:22 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254684867 Video orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254685060 2018-04-24 05:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254685060 Video orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254685084 2018-04-24 05:29:05 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254685084 Video orsherman18 https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254685443 2018-04-24 05:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/orsherman18/nu41rfbfg3v6/wish/254685443