Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

a light source placed behind an actor, object, or scene to create a highlight that separates the subject from the background: Put a backlight on that rain to make it more visible in this evening shot. Electronics

Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb. The lampshade softens and scatters the light.

Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time. The resulting image captures the trail of moving objects in front of the camera, while showing still elements razor sharp

Light painting is the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.” A light painting photographer opens a camera's shutter and keeps it open as they draw in the air with a light source.

Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

Evaluative metering is the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography and can be applied in most shooting scenarios. As its name suggests, it takes a series of readings in zones that cover the entire frame, and then calculates the overall average exposure value.

In this camera mode, the photographer selects an aperture, and the camera chooses an appropriate shutter speed based on the available light.

Shutter speed priority, also known as shutter priority mode, is when a photographer manually designates a shutter speed for a given exposure, and the camera automatically chooses an appropriate aperture and ISO setting to go with that shutter speed.

Workspace Switcher displays a visual representation of your workspaces, as shown in Figure 4–3. Figure 4–3 shows the Workspace Switcher when the Java Desktop System session contains four workspaces. Your workspaces appear as buttons on the panel application.

unprocessed data

A RAW file is what the name suggests: raw, unprocessed data. It contains the image data exactly as captured on your camera sensor. Any white balance, Picture Style or other settings that you might have applied are only appended to the image file.

To process after other processes have been completed.

What is full-frame? A full-frame sensor is most simply defined by its sheer size—36 mm by 24 mm—and the distinctive look it makes possible.

Full-frame cameras are sometimes said to be more "professional" than APS-C cameras, and certainly they are usually larger, making them better suited for use with big telephoto lenses. However, thanks to the increased reach you get with an APS-C camera, you might not need such a big telephoto lens in the first place.

• Select the Crop tool (C) .

• Use the Options bar to customize tool settings, like setting the aspect ratio or width and height values, to get the effect you want.