T1A1 netiquette guidelines:
1) We are all humans and may make mistakes

2) Be courteous to others participating in discussion.

3) Diversity is recognised in group

4) Sarcasm and humour may be misinterpreted. 

5) Use of proper grammar for concise messages.

6) Capital letters should only be used to emphasize something- as it may be considered equivalent to SHOUTING. 

7) Only sparingly use acronyms example: BTW- By The Way, IMHO- In My Humble Opinion

8) Show respect when commenting 

9) Show a commitment to group activities

10) Be patient

(Online Education Blog of Touro College, 2019).

Word count: 350

(Tortora et al., 2019)

1) Resting: consist of scattered but small chondrocytes.

2) Proliferating: though slightly larger chondrocytes are arranged like stacked coins.  

3) Hypertrophic: consisting of mature but large chondrocytes arranged like columns.

4) Calcified: only a few cells thick consisting of dead chondrocytes.   

(Cepela et al, 2016)    

1) Reactive: fracture haematoma or clot start to form around the fractured bone site. As the cells of the bone start to die inflammation and swelling will occur. Damaged tissues are removed by osteoclasts and phagocytes.  

2) Reparative: Fibrocartilaginous- fibroblasts start to produce collagen fibres as new blood vessels form. Chondroblasts will produce fibrocartilage and soft callus.

3) Reparative: Bony- osteoblasts develop because of osteoprogenitor cells and hard callus form due to spongy bone trabeculae.    

4) Bone remodelling: bone fracture start to heal as dead fragments is resorbed by osteoclasts and spongy bone is replaced by compacted bones. 

(Tortora et al., 2019)

 1) Minerals: while bones are growing large amounts of phosphorus and calcium is needed, as is small amounts manganese, magnesium and fluoride.

2) Vitamins: Vitamin A activates stimulation of osteoblasts, Vitamin C synthesis collagen one of main protein in bone, Vitamin D builds bones by the increase of calcium absorption from foods into blood and Vitamin K and B12 helps synthesis bone proteins. 

3) Hormones: produced by bone tissues and liver the hormones most important for protein enhancement, promotion of cell division and stimulate osteoblasts is the insulin- like growth hormone (IGF).

(Tortora et al., 2019)

-       Increase glycogenesis

-       Increase lipogenesis

-       Decrease glycogenolysis

-       Decrease gluconeogenesis

This lowers the blood glucose level which will eventually inhibit the release of insulin.  (Tortora et al., 2019).

1.    Inhibitory influences from neuroglia

2.    Absence of growth-stimulating factors

After damage, scar tissue forms in the CNS that acts as a physical barrier to regeneration, thus injury is usually permanent.  (Tortora et al., 2019).