SGD 15 - LIFE ON LAND by TEOH DING QUAN Moe

WHAT IS LIFE ON LAND?

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Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

ECOSYSTEM

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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment in a specific area.
Ecosystems can be small or large and are categorized into terrestrial and aquatic types.
Healthy ecosystems are essential for life on Earth, providing vital services like clean air, water, food, and climate regulation.

THE TARGETS

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15.2 End deforestation

15.3 Combat desertification

15.5 Protect biodiversity and natural habitats

IMPORTANCE OF FOREST

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1. Clean up air pollution produce by humans. Thats why they are called the lungs of Earth.

2. More than 80% of all terrestial species of animals and plants are live in forests.

3. Millions of people around the world depend directly on forests for their livehoods whether for food employment or other essential resources for thier daily live.

CHALLENGE TO ACHIEVE TARGET 15.2

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Agricultural Expansion
The growing demand for agricultural land, especially for large-scale crops like soy and palm oil ranching is one of the biggest drivers of deforestation.
Financial Resources
Many countries, especially in the developing world, lack the financial resources needed for large-scale reforestation projects.

STATISTIC ABOUT DEFORESTATION

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Due to human activity, 30 million hectares of forests disappear every year.
The proportion of forests fell from 31.9% of total land area to 31.2% in 2020.
Forests cover shrunk faster during 2010-2020 than 2000-2010 in sub-saharan Africa.
Agricultural expansion drove almost 90% of global deforestation. Include cropland expansion of 49.6% and livestock grazing of 38.5%

SOLUTION TO ACHIEVE TARGET 15.2

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REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation): A UN-backed framework that provides incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from deforestation.
Global Forest Watch: A platform that uses satellite data and other technology to monitor forests in near real-time, helping countries and organizations track deforestation.

CHALLENGE TO ACHIEVE TARGET 15.3

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Climate Change
Climate change accelerates land degradation through extreme weather events such as floods and heatwaves, which degrade soil and vegetation.
Population Growth and Agricultural Expansion
Rising global populations lead to increased demand for food, water, and land. This often results in the expansion of agricultural activities.

SOLUTION TO ACHIEVE TARGET 15.3

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United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): This global agreement focuses on preventing desertification particularly in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas.
The Great Green Wall Initiative: Spearheaded by African nations, aims to combat desertification across the Sahel region of Africa. The initiative involves planting trees and implementing sustainable land management practices across an 8,000 km stretch of land.

CHALLENGE TO ACHIEVE TARGET 15.5

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The illegal wildlife trade and overexploitation of species for food, medicine, and luxury goods are significant threats to biodiversity. Species such as elephants, rhinos and pangolins are being driven to extinction due to poaching and unsustainable harvesting.
One of the greatest challenges to biodiversity is the continued destruction of habitats, particularly tropical rainforests, grasslands, coral reefs, and wetlands.

SOLUTION TO ACHIEVE TARGET 15.5

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CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora): CITES is an international agreement aimed at ensuring that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains the Red List. The Red List helps guide conservation actions by identifying species at risk of extinction and the factors driving their decline.

STATISTIC ABOUT BIODIVERSITY

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As of 2024, over 3,800 species in Asia are classified as threatened according to the IUCN Red List.
Malaysia has around 686 species of flora and fauna considered endangered.
The Malayan Tiger and Bornean Orangutan are two of the most threatened animals in Malaysia, facing habitat destruction due to logging and palm oil cultivation.