Chapter 4 Vocab by Daviana Herrera Gonzalez

photosynthesis

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Plants turn sunlight into sugar

Chlorophyll

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The pigmentation of the plants

Autotroph

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an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Heterotroph

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an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Cellular Respiration

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Chemical process in which oxygen is used to create sugar

Prokaryote

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Cell that lacks a nucleus or other cells

Producer

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Organism that makes its own food

Eukaryote

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Cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Population

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Number of organisms of the same species living in the same area and capable of reproducing.

Species

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Group of organisms capable of reproducing and creating fertile offspring

Community

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Interacting group of various species in a common location

Ecosystem

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Community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together

Symbiosis

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Close, long-term biological interaction between 2 organisms of different species

Diffusion

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Natural movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration

Osmosis

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The movement of water particles from a high concentration area to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Osmoconformer

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Osmoconformers are marine organisms that maintain an internal environment which is isotonic to their external environment

Osmoregulate

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The maintenance of osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism

Urea

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End product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins in all mammals and some fishes

Excrete

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To get rid of waste material from the blood, tissues, or organs by a normal discharge

Ectotherm (poikilotherm)

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Body temperature relies on external sources. Cold-blooded animals

Endotherm (homeotherm)

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Animal that can generate or control its internal heat

Surface-to-volume ratio

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a relationship that describes how much surface area an object (like a cell) has compared to its volume

Heredity

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the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

Mitosis

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the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei

Asexual reproduction

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a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent

Sexual reproduction

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the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Hermaphroditic

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an organism (plant or animal) having both male and female reproductive organs

Phylogeny

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History of the evolution of a species in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms

Binomial nomenclature

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System of naming plants and animals in which each species is given a name consisting of two terms of which the first names the genus and the second the species itself

Genus

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Taxonomic group covering more than one species

Five Kingdoms of Life

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Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Six Kingdoms of Life

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Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia