Down Syndrome by Mariah Brothers

Definition

mariahb838 — 2025-03-24 23:21:42 UTC

"Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Chromosomes are small "packages" of genes in the body's cells, which determine how the body forms and functions.

When babies are growing, the extra chromosome changes how their body and brain develop."

source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024a, December 26). Down Syndrome. Birth Defects; CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/down-syndrome.html

Bibliography

mariahb838 — 2025-03-27 18:30:17 UTC

Resource #1

mariahb838 — 2025-03-27 18:38:27 UTC

Resource #3

mariahb838 — 2025-03-27 18:38:59 UTC

Resource #4

mariahb838 — 2025-03-27 18:39:38 UTC

Resource #2

mariahb838 — 2025-03-27 18:40:17 UTC

Treatments

mariahb838 — 2025-03-27 19:01:13 UTC

There is no cure for people with Down Syndrome, however specific symptoms and problems caused by Down Syndrome can be treated.

treatment will depend on your child's needs
As your child grows older and enters different stages of life, their needs for care and services may change
For people with Down syndrome, ongoing services, including healthcare, education, and life skills support, throughout life.

source

Mayo Clinic. (2024a, November 12). Down Syndrome. Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977

Symptoms

mariahb838 — 2025-03-28 00:15:21 UTC

Flattened face and small nose with a flat bridge.
Small head.
Short neck.
Tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth.
Upward slanting eyelids.
Skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner of the eye.
Small, rounded ears.
Wide, small hands with a single crease in the palm and short fingers.
Small feet with a space between the first and second toes.
Tiny white spots on the colored part of the eye called the iris. These white spots are called Brushfield's spots.
Short height.
Poor muscle tone in infancy.
Joints that are loose and too flexible.

Source
Mayo Clinic. (2024a, November 12). Down Syndrome. Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977

Physical Activities

mariahb838 — 2025-03-28 00:24:17 UTC

Yoga and Tai Chi: These exercises improve balance and flexibility.
Dance Therapy: It enhances coordination and rhythm.
Swimming: Swimming builds muscle strength and endurance.
Occupational Therapy: OT focuses on improving daily living skills.
Physical Therapy: Tailored exercises enhance motor skills and balance.
Biking: Learning to ride a Strider bike is a great way to help individuals with Down syndrome improve their balance and have fun while doing it.

source

Buchholz, N. (2024a, January 9). The Importance of Balance for People with Down Syndrome. All Kids Bike. https://allkidsbike.org/blog/the-importance-of-balance-for-people-with-down-syndrome/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw7pO_BhAlEiwA4pMQvErOBc2MeH9irb7aMPMHbCb3nzIiXGiiQgU71gBh0gMcCBOcgBFd_hoCxcwQAvD_BwE

Type 1: Trisomy 21

mariahb838 — 2025-04-03 01:00:27 UTC

each cell in the body has three separate copies of chromosome 21
95% of people with down syndrome have this type

source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024a, December 26). Down Syndrome. Birth Defects; CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/down-syndrome.html

Type 2: Translocation Down Syndrome

mariahb838 — 2025-04-03 01:06:17 UTC

an extra part or a whole extra chromosome 21 is present
the extra chromosome is attached or "trans-located" to a different chromosome rather than being a separate chromosome 21
About 3% of people have this type

source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024a, December 26). Down Syndrome. Birth Defects; CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/down-syndrome.html

Type 3: Mosaic Down Syndrome

mariahb838 — 2025-04-03 01:15:47 UTC

mixture or combination
some cells have three copies of chromosome 21
other cells may have the typical two copies
have fewer features of the condition
about 2% of people have it

source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024a, December 26). Down Syndrome. Birth Defects; CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/down-syndrome.html

How to Address People with Down Syndrome?

mariahb838 — 2025-04-06 20:02:07 UTC

People with Down syndrome should always be referred to as people first.
Instead of “a Down syndrome child,” it should be “a child with Down syndrome.” Also avoid “Down’s child” and describing the condition as “Down’s,” as in, “He has Down’s.”
Down syndrome is a condition or a syndrome, not a disease.

source

About Down Syndrome. (2024a). Ndss.org. https://ndss.org/about?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw7pO_BhAlEiwA4pMQvKyWH3h2IbjQVm4iY4a5DyXyf8b6D4fWA6DHMCi2YqAfUM8dElUhiBoCiKcQAvD_BwE

Education

mariahb838 — 2025-04-06 21:13:13 UTC

Down Syndrome Education International is a global charity focused on improving education for children with Down syndrome. For over 40 years, it has researched their unique learning needs and developed effective teaching approaches. By sharing evidence-based guidance, the charity helps families, educators, and organizations worldwide to support children’s education and development. Each year, it reaches over 120,000 individuals in more than 170 countries.

source

Buckley, S., Mondschein, E., DiLaura, A., Gilbert, J., National Down Syndrome Society, & Down Syndrome Education International. (2021). DOWN SYNDROME: GUIDELINES FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION. In National Down Syndrome Society & Down Syndrome Education International.

Respite Care

mariahb838 — 2025-04-06 21:38:32 UTC

In-Home Respite for Down Syndrome
Weekend Respite Care for Down Syndrome
Emergency Respite Services for Down Syndrome
Financial Assistance for Down Syndrome Respite Care

source

incomioernani. “Down Syndrome Respite Care: Support, Services, and Stress Relief.” Special Strong, 25 Dec. 2024, www.specialstrong.com/down-syndrome-respite-care-support-services-and-stress-relief/.

mariahb838 — 2025-04-07 00:25:14 UTC