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         The East Pacific Rise is one of the most active volcanic regions on the seafloor. Areas of this ocean ridge are affected by massive repeated volcanic eruptions.  Where lava flows have eradicated previous settlement of vent microbes and fauna , communities have been observed to reestablish around hydrothermal vent sites within years. The hydrothermal vent field  EPR 9°50'N allowed the observation of this progressive recolonisation and the succession of so-called fondation species across scales of months to years together with changes in environmental conditions.

    

         Along the East Pacific Rise the hydrothermal vents called black smokers  were first discovered and have been extensively studied. These vents are forming volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits on the ocean floor(which is why the animals there look so different). Many strange deep-water creatures have been found here. The southern stretch of the East Pacific Rise is one of the fastest-spreading sections of the Earth's mid ocean ridge system. Relative to the majority of the deep sea, the areas around submarine hydrothermal vents are biologically more productive, often hosting complex communities fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Chemosynthetic bacteria and Archaea form the base of the food chain, supporting diverse organisms, including Giant tube worms, Clams, Limpets, and Shrimp.

 

             

               

           The food  chain is a little different compared to most because all the energy comes from chemosynthesis  because there is no sunlight reaching to these depths of the sea. chemosynthesis, process in which carbohydrates are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water using chemical nutrients as the energy source. an ex would be after the bacteria and Archaea are formed (base) they would be eaten by Giant tube worms, Clams, Limpets, and Shrimp which would be eaten by larger fish and octopus.

                          

                    The animals are made/built differently because there is no light which is why there is no algae because there is no light for photosynthesis. so animals this deep down have large eyes ,ways to lure prey with illuminations on their skin or have speed. some prey also have large eyes or speed to help escape predators some have chemicals they can release to distort or confuse predators. one specific animal called the vampire squid this particular squid is on the smaller side of the family but it has a very unusual way of protecting itself from predators it practically puts itself inside out to scare predators away inside out it looks kindof like a red tennis ball with spines. another animal that lives around the same depth with an odd  ability is the gulper eel it can eat a fish much larger than itself and it will sit in its pouch like bottom jaw.