https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr en-us 2020-04-09 05:49:39 UTC 2020-04-09 08:46:27 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f5e3.png antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499907113 2020-04-09 05:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499907113 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499909868 -is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction]]> 2020-04-09 05:59:20 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499909868 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499911819
 -The term "freedom of expression" is sometimes used synonymously but includes any act of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used]]> 2020-04-09 06:01:49 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499911819 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499915366 - is recognized as a human right under article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)]]> 2020-04-09 06:06:43 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499915366 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499915975 2020-04-09 06:07:27 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499915975 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499917115 2020-04-09 06:08:57 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499917115 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499920333 -Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice"]]> 2020-04-09 06:13:07 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499920333 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499920918 2020-04-09 06:13:52 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499920918 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499922598 -The version of Article 19 in the ICCPR later amends this by stating that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties and responsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".]]> 2020-04-09 06:15:54 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499922598 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499924893 2020-04-09 06:18:53 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499924893 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499927560 -may not be recognized as being absolute, and common limitations or boundaries to freedom of speech relate to:]]> 2020-04-09 06:22:08 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499927560 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499929375 2020-04-09 06:24:13 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499929375 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499930929 2020-04-09 06:25:57 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499930929 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499931780 2020-04-09 06:26:55 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499931780 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499932850 2020-04-09 06:28:07 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499932850 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499937393 -has a long history that predates modern international human rights instruments]]> 2020-04-09 06:33:03 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499937393 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499938331 -ancient Athenian democratic principle of free speech may have emerged in the late 6th or early 5th century BC]]> 2020-04-09 06:33:57 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499938331 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499940308 -Roman Republic included freedom of speech and freedom of religion]]> 2020-04-09 06:35:49 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499940308 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499941502 -Freedom of speech was added to the First Amendment in 1791]]> 2020-04-09 06:37:08 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499941502 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499943751 -Concepts of freedom of speech can be found in early human rights documents]]> 2020-04-09 06:39:21 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499943751 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499944739 -England's Bill of Rights 1689 legally established the constitutional right of freedom of speech in Parliament which is still in effect]]> 2020-04-09 06:40:19 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499944739 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499945886  -The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, specifically affirmed freedom of speech as an inalienable right]]> 2020-04-09 06:41:21 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499945886 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499947105 - Adopted in 1791, freedom of speech is a feature of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution]]> 2020-04-09 06:42:34 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499947105 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499949370 -The right to freedom of speech and expression is closely related to other rights, and may be limited when conflicting with other rights]]> 2020-04-09 06:44:52 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499949370 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499950861 - is also related to the right to a fair trial and court proceeding which may limit access to the search for information, or determine the opportunity and means in which freedom of expression is manifested within court proceedings]]> 2020-04-09 06:46:22 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499950861 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499951560 -As a general principle freedom of expression may not limit the right to privacy, as well as the honor and reputation of others. However greater latitude is given when criticism of public figures is involved]]> 2020-04-09 06:47:03 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499951560 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499952189 2020-04-09 06:47:43 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499952189 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499955522 -Jo Glanville, editor of the Index on Censorship, states that "the Internet has been a revolution for censorship as much as for free speech"]]> 2020-04-09 06:50:59 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499955522 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499955843 2020-04-09 06:51:18 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499955843 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499957009 -International, national and regional standards recognise that freedom of speech, as one form of freedom of expression, applies to any medium, including the Internet]]> 2020-04-09 06:52:29 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/499957009 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500068626 -The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Declaration of Principles adopted in 2003 makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression for the "Information Society"]]> 2020-04-09 08:12:30 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500068626 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500070391 "We reaffirm, as an essential foundation of the Information society, and as outlined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; that this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Communication is a fundamental social process, a basic human need and the foundation of all social organisation. It is central to the Information Society. Everyone, everywhere should have the opportunity to participate and no one should be excluded from the benefits of the Information Society offers"]]> 2020-04-09 08:13:39 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500070391 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500074712 -The concept of freedom of information has emerged in response to state sponsored censorship, monitoring and surveillance of the internet. Internet censorship includes the control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet.]]> 2020-04-09 08:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500074712 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500078844 -The Global Internet Freedom Consortium claims to remove blocks to the "free flow of information" for what they term "closed societies". According to the Reporters without Borders (RWB) "internet enemy list" the following states engage in pervasive internet censorship: ]]> 2020-04-09 08:19:11 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500078844 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500080022 2020-04-09 08:19:59 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500080022 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500080715 2020-04-09 08:20:30 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500080715 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500081886 2020-04-09 08:21:15 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500081886 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500082686 2020-04-09 08:21:47 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500082686 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500085339 2020-04-09 08:23:32 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500085339 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500086561 2020-04-09 08:24:21 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500086561 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500089251 2020-04-09 08:26:10 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500089251 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500092098 2020-04-09 08:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500092098 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500095121 -A widely publicized example of internet censorship is the "Great Firewall of China" (in reference both to its role as a network firewall and to the ancient Great Wall of China). The system blocks content by preventing IP addresses from being routed through and consists of standard firewall and proxy servers at the Internet gateways]]> 2020-04-09 08:30:06 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500095121 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500098395  -The system also selectively engages in DNS poisoning when particular sites are requested]]> 2020-04-09 08:32:18 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500098395 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500098874 -The government does not appear to be systematically examining Internet content, as this appears to be technically impractical]]> 2020-04-09 08:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500098874 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500100133
-Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China is conducted under a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations, including more than sixty regulations directed at the Internet]]> 2020-04-09 08:33:25 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500100133 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500100687 - Censorship systems are vigorously implemented by provincial branches of state-owned ISPs, business companies, and organizations]]> 2020-04-09 08:33:46 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500100687 antonijafister4 https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500101888 2020-04-09 08:34:33 UTC https://padlet.com/antonijafister4/npdxiflcnw19lafr/wish/500101888