I am an English teacher and a photographer.

I love watching films and travelling to beautiful places.

In this semester, I will help my students to improve their speaking skills.

(Write some information about yourself.

Hobby - Talents - Specialized skills - Objectives for learning this semester.)

This listening focuses on ......

Vocabulary learned

I learn some nice words and expressions from the listening:

1. accuracy

2. take your time

3. be ware of dog

4. ...

Some ideas I don't agree with

1. .....

My wish? To discover little moments of happiness around me and feel grateful for them. As the saying goes, "Love the life you live, live the life you love."

Anyway, I’ll do my best (even though I’m super lazy most of the time). Let’s see how far I can go! 🫶

My name is Thuận Phát, but people usually call me Sà (Elsa).

I'm 21 and currently a sophomore at Can Tho University.

Singing is my favorite thing. I can sing everywhere and anytime (⁠.⁠ ⁠❛⁠ ⁠ᴗ⁠ ⁠❛⁠.⁠) And I think I'm good at it.

Throughout this module, I will strive to improve my English skills, hoping to become more confident when speaking in different languages (⁠◕⁠ᴗ⁠◕⁠✿⁠)

"Live as yourself, normal but not trivial"

How interesting that I have a wide array of hobbies. From singing and drawing to writing and reading books, I find joy in expressing myself through various forms of art. Music and literature, especially poems, hold a special place in my heart. Moreover, I'm extremely into nature🍀 and cattttttt 🐱🔥. Actually, I love animals, for real. I'm raising 2 geckos, they are lizards and I also have a bittt passion for snakes hehe.

While some live by the motto "You only live once." I choose to live by "You die once. Live every day!" And I'm always striving to do all the things I want to.

My name is Trang, and I’m 19 years old. I’m currently a student.

I’m a big fan of music, especially US-UK and K-pop. Besides, I love cooking and reading fascinating novels to relax.

I also have a talent for drawing and singing. I can replicate pictures I’ve seen and quickly memorize song lyrics.

This semester, I hope to improve my English listening and speaking skills while continuously enhancing other abilities.

I will do my best because my motto is: "We only live once."

I am currently on a journey of self-discovery and personal development, much like the character in Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, the supernatural horror series that I enjoy the most.

Maybe I am doing right, maybe I am doing wrong but at least I'm trying. - Jameel

I am currently on a journey of self-discovery and personal development, much like the character in Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, the supernatural horror series that I enjoy the most.

Maybe I am doing right, maybe I am doing wrong but at least I'm trying. - Jameel

I'm 20 years old and as a sophomore at CTU.

I currently live in Soc Trang, a southern province but I have a northern accent from Hai Phong, my original hometown, hehe.

I like many things around me, but there are some things that stand out the most such as playing sports, games, going to the gym, listening to music and bla bla...

I don't know what I'm good at, I can do almost anything

About next semester, lemme see, I will definitely not take as many breaks as last term and win an A from you with my own strength

I dive into watching films and reading books. When I read a book, I can search for many ideas and explore many characters through stories. I think it is also a private place in my heart. It is a place where I can enjoy my ideas and interests.

I think that I don't have a talent or special skills but I always try my best when I receive a task. 

I this semester, I want to improve my speaking and pronunacition skills. I know that I am not good at speaking and pronunciation skills. I have also been tired many times tired because of those skills. But I think I can change myself .

"Every new day is another chance to change your life."

• My name is Thúy. I am 19 years old, and I am currently a sophomore at Can Tho University, majoring in English Language.

• My hobbies are reading books and watching animated movies.

• My talent is being creative and exploring things that I like and find interesting.

• My learning objectives for this semester are to speak fluently and control my behavior when speaking, because I often get nervous in front of crowds and cannot speak well. Additionally, I want to improve my listening skills.

  Let’s try our best, everyone!

My name is Thúy. I am 19 years old and currently a sophomore at Can Tho University, majoring in English Language. My hobbies include reading books and watching animated movies.

I am creative and enjoy exploring things I find interesting.

This semester, my objectives are to speak fluently and control my behavior when speaking, as I often get nervous in front of crowds and struggle to speak well. Additionally, I want to improve listening skills.

My hobbies are singing, playing sports like volleyball and football, and I love music very much. I often listen to US-UK songs, ballads, and pop music. Besides that, I enjoy cooking, talking with friends, and traveling together.

This semester, I hope to improve my English listening and speaking skills, as well as other skills. Let’s work hard together! I look forward to everyone’s help.

My life motto is:
"It does not matter how slow you go, as long as you do not stop"🍀.

My name is Tuyen,my friends often call me Tem, a nickname I really like. This year, I am 19 years old and I am studying at Can Tho University

I’m a girl who loves both excitement and peace. Sometimes, I enjoy having fun with everyone to the fullest, but other times, I like being alone, watching the sunset, and thinking about life.

One thing I feel extremely proud of and want to share with everyone is that I have a happy, loving family and incredibly kind and wonderful friends by my side. Yeahhh, I wish all the best things in life for them!

>>>Finally, I want to inspire everyone with this quote:"When we strive to become better than we are,everything around us becomes better,too''

• I'm a sophomore, at Can Tho university, where I'm studying "English Studies".

• One of my favourite pastimes is spending time watching movie myself.

• I'm also a person who absolutely love behavioral psychology, whenever possible, I also reach about it.

  I appreciate your time and look forward to our interactions. In this semester, I hope to collaborate and learn more from everyone here.

  "Confidence is not walking into a room and thinking you are better than everyone else."

My name is Trần Thị Thanh Thuyền, and I'm 20 years old. Now, I'm a student at Cần Thơ University.

I dive into watching films and reading books. When I read book, I can search for many ideas and explore many characters through stories. I think it is a private my heart. It is a place where I can enjoy my ideas and interests.

I think that I don't have talent or special skills, but I always try my best when I receive a task.

This semester, I want to improve speaking and listening skills as well as other skills.

" Every new day is another chance to change you life."

My name is Trieu Trieu. I am 19 years old and currently studying at Can Tho University. My zodiac sign is Capricorn, and my personality type is INFP, so I tend to be quite introverted and anxious.

I like reading books, listening to music and watching sunsets because they make me feel relaxed and help me relieve stress. I also like talking with friends because I find sharing stories with each other very valuable. An important goal for me this semester is to make every effort to improve my English skills. I hope in the future I will be more confident and use English more fluently.

I always believe: Be yourself, because no one can do it better than you.

I have a passion for gaming, where I enjoy exploring different strategies and improving my skills. When I'm not gaming, I love spending time with my friends, whether we’re playing sports, chatting about life, or working on group projects.

This semester, I’m focused on becoming a more confident communicator. I want to improve my speaking skills, participate actively in class discussions, and deliver presentations that are engaging and impactful. It’s going to be a great learning journey, and I’m excited to see how much I can grow!

My name is Diễm Quỳnh. I'm now a second-year student majoring in English Studies at Can Tho University.

Currently, I have to live far from home for my university education in Hoa An, so I have to be responsible for everything myself. Although this time is tough, I always strive to improve- to be better!

In 2025, there's a bunch of things written on my wishlist. And- to be honest, getting the B+ this subject was also listed there... (I hope it will come true soon- or it will remain on my wishlist forever).

Thanks for reading. Have a nice day!

As for myself, Im simple yet somehow complex person because Im a Gemini. However, Im more of introvert. Im often enjoy immersing in watching ancient Chinese or horror films, sometimes listening to my favourite songs many times. Occasionally, Im interested in travelling and hanging out with my family and friends.

Although Im not special at all, I still believe: " You are the only version in the world, so love yourself".

Next semester, I will try to improve my english speaking, listening skills and be more sociable to everyone.

As the saying goes: On the way to success, there is no trace of lazy men

In my free time, I enjoy photography, I mainly take landscape photos on my phone since I can't afford a camera yet. Besides, I spend a lot of time taking care of my house, experimenting with new recipes, and practicing my English skills daily. I’m particularly focused on improving my listening and speaking, as I feel these areas need more attention.

This semester, my main goal is to become a better speaker. I want to enhance both my speaking and listening abilities and continually improve myself day by day.

Additionally, I learn a great deal from my friends, who support me in my studies. However, I believe that everyone has a unique approach to achieving their goals.

Have a good day!

I am a person who loves creativity, often spends time listening to music and discovering interesting movies. I also like to walk and enjoy the natural air, this helps me feel more comfortable. I hope to have the opportunity to learn and connect with many new friends!

This semester, I hope to improve my English skills a little.

First of all, this semester, I will focus on improving my English listening and speaking skills. For me, effort and perseverance are the keys to achieving my dreams.

learn more new things. I am good at listening to my friends's story ( but I am bad at listening test ) so if someone want you can tell me your story, I will listen carefully.

In my spare time, I have a strong interest in photography. I enjoy taking landscape photos by using my phone because I don’t have enough money to afford a camera yet. Additionally, I spend time taking care of my home, experimenting with new recipes, and practicing my English every day, as I feel my listening and speaking skills need more attention.

This semester, I am focusing on becoming a more proficient speaker. I aim to enhance both my speaking and listening abilities and continually improve myself.

Moreover, I learned a great deal from my friends, who have been very supportive of my studies. However, I believe that everyone has a unique path to achieving their goals.

Have a good day!

   My name is Ngọc Hiển but in home, people call me Hòa and I like it.

   Currently, I'm 19 or something and I'm a sophomore at Cần Thơ University, department at English Studies.

   I enjoy reading books and listening to music. Sometimes, I found myself feel more relax when I follow the tunes of my favorite songs.

   I desire to improve my listening skill so much because my listening skill is disaster, I guess so. Craving for enhance confidence in speaking English.

To live is to fight.

   My name is Ngọc Hiển but in home, people call me Hòa and I like it.

   Currently, I'm 19 or something and I'm a sophomore at Cần Thơ University, department at English Studies.

   I enjoy reading books and listening to music. Sometimes, I found myself feel more relax when I follow the tunes of my favorite songs.

   I desire to improve my listening skill so much because my listening skill is disaster, I guess so. Craving for enhance confidence in speaking English.

To live is to fight.

I really enjoy listening to music and watching movies, as both serve as my primary sources of relaxation. I also like reading novels with detective fiction being my favorite genre. Additionally, I adore pets and currently have three cats and one dog. In the future, I aspire to travel and immerse myself in the beauty of diverse destinations, which is one of the reasons I'm motivated to learn foreign languages.

This semester, I aim to improve my English skills, especially listening and speaking so that I can confidently communicate in English in the years to come.

"Don’t be afraid to give up the good to go for the great" – John D. Rockefeller

My hobbies include playing chess and Chinese chess, and I have a particular passion for badminton.

This semester, I am determined to put in my utmost effort to achieve my dreams. I firmly believe that once I set my mind to something, nothing can stand in my way.

I am a quite emotional person and live by my emotions. In my free time, I like watching movies, listening to music, learning new skills like cooking, etc. I like watching movies about family and love because it helps me feel warm and learn many lessons in life. I love practicing my cooking skills and I always try different menus. I love taking photos of landscapes, especially seascapes and flowers. In the new semester, I will try to improve my English skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Learn more vocabulary and grammar to develop yourself better.

My full name is Nguyễn Thị Tử Duy. I'm 19 years old. I'm come from An Giang province. I'm a second year at Can Tho University. My major is English Studies.I am a quite emotional person and live by my emotions. In my free time, I like watching movies, listening to music, learning new skills like cooking, etc. I like watching movies about family and love because it helps me feel warm and learn many lessons in life. I love practicing my cooking skills and I always try different menus. I love taking photos of landscapes, especially seascapes and flowers. In the new semester, I will try to improve my English skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Learn more vocabulary and grammar to develop yourself better.

My name is Trần Trung Hiếu, and I am 19 years old. I am a second-year student at Can Tho University, majoring in English Language.

I really enjoy watching movies, especially comedies, and I also love listening to music. My favorite singer is Phương Mỹ Chi; she has an amazing voice. Oh, and I also adore cats because they are so cute.

In this semester, I want to improve my listening skills, and especially my speaking skills, as I am not very good at speaking. I will do my best this semester.

I hope you all get what you want!!

I enjoy watching movies, reading stories, and especially listening to music. These hobbies help me relax and give me new ideas. I consider myself a cheerful and friendly person, but sometimes I feel shy and not very confident. This is something I am trying to improve.

This semester, my main goal is to enhance my listening, speaking, and writing in English. I am also determined to overcome my lack of confidence to become more confident in communication. I believe that with effort and keep trying, I can achieve my goals.

Thank you for reading my introduction! <3

My hobbies are listening to music and reading books because it makes me feel relaxed, energetic and peaceful.

During this semester, I hope I can improve my English better. Besides, I also plan to learn some skills that I need. I have many ambitions but that's a secret, only God knows.

Thank you for reading my introduction!

My name is Ánh Thư, I was born and raised in Ca Mau, which is famous for its fresh shrimp and crab.

I am 19 years old and currently a second-year student. I want to be able to hear and remember a lot of information when listening to English and be able to answer questions reflexively.

I love music and practice a few short dances when I have free time, and I love traveling, seeing, and experiencing new things.

I hope that in the future, I can step out of my comfort zone travel anywhere I want, and have many new friends around the world.

This semester, I hope to improve my listening skills and my speaking skills. Moreover, I also need to upgrade my vocabulary

My full name is Dương Lý Như Quỳnh but you can call me whatever you want, I don't mind it. I will turn 20 years old by the end of this year. Right now I'm a sophomore at Can Tho university, my major is English Studies.

About myself, I'm an ambivert. I don't like being noticed too much but if it's needed, of course only if I feel like I can do it and confident about it, then I can be quite enthusiastic. I'm not a talkative person but if you know me well enough, I can be quite loud and noisy. My behavior mainly depends on how I perceive and feel in each situation so I guess you can say I'm an emotional person too.

My hobby is pretty common. I like listening to music, watching film and reading novel. And I love love love loveeeee cats, even though right now I don't have enough conditions to have one but I will make sure to have a cat of my own in the future ಥ⁠‿⁠ಥ Also, I don't like playing sports, I have no interest in sports. Instead of sports, I prefer yoga more.

In this semester, my goal is to improve my speaking skills, grammar and vocabulary to be more fluently. And I hope I will get a B+ not only in this course but also in all the courses I'm taking and will take in the future too.

That's all about myself. Thank you for reading and I hope you have a great day. Peace ;)

Now, I'm a sophomore at Can Tho university. My major is English Studies.

I hope that this is a great term for listening and speaking. I will try to improve my listening and speaking skills. This is an important subject at school and will greatly support me in my future work.

About myself, beside pursuing my degree, I also love to learn Chinese. In my free time, I often watch movies about China, which is also a good way for me to learn more about the language and culture of that country.

Simon Sinek argues that great leaders and successful organizations don’t focus just on what they do, but more importantly on why they do it. He introduces a simple model called the "Golden Circle", which includes three basic questions: Why, How and What.

• Having example from Sinek:

Apple: Apple doesn’t just sell computers or phones. They sell a belief in improving the world through technology.

• Main message:

"If you start with Why, you will attract people who believe in your reason, and they will support you long-term.": this means that, instead of just selling a product or service, you should inspire people by sharing why you are doing it. When people understand and believe in your reason, they are more likely to follow and support you.

• Key words and phrases in the talk:

  • "People don’t buy what you do, they buy why you do it": people don't buy what you do, they buy the reason why you do it.

  • Start with why : this means identifying the purpose or reason before doing anything.

  • The law of diffusion of innovation : a theory about how innovation spreads in society, from the early adopters to the majority.

  • Go the extra mile : to take an additional step in order to achieve better results or help others more.

  • The tipping point : the moment when change or influence begins to accelerate and spread widely.

[ /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/]

https://voca.ro/1bQnNnN3VBNd 

[ /t/, /d/, /k/]

https://voca.ro/15M2CUikOloF  

[ /g/, /f/, /v/]

https://voca.ro/12GakcpgK6Gb

[ /s/, /z/, /ʃ/ ] 

https://voca.ro/1hHSaUfd90mO  

[  /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ ]

https://voca.ro/14yxDgIS6oSQ 

[  /h/,  /ŋ/, /j/ ]

https://voca.ro/1hzdr9jybMUg   

[  /r/, /l/, /θ/ ]

https://voca.ro/1j6AhIbNA1yi  

[ /ð/, /ʍ/,  /iː/ ]

https://voca.ro/1kmVdKQND7DQ  

[ /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/ ]

https://voca.ro/172ApZ9ma8Mg  

[ /ɑː/, /ɒ/, /ɔː/ ]

https://voca.ro/1n8ojETXkrTy

[ /ʊ/,  /uː/, /ʌ/ ]

https://voca.ro/1ieX2zbZUsQq

[ /ɜː/, /ə/, /ɑ:/ ]

https://voca.ro/1ZCAOhbk01YU   

[/ɪə/, /ʊə/, /eə/ ]

https://voca.ro/1orRAfakWk8A

[ /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/ ]

https://voca.ro/1ekau1CNDBtB

[ /aʊ/, /əʊ/,  /ɪə/, /ʊə/ ]

https://voca.ro/1mAEUhzNTmrP 

This focuses on the fact that all great inspiring leaders act exactly the same way. This is the golden circle ( how, what, why). Almost everyone often acts from outside in ( What, How, Why). Simon finds that all inspiring leaders often start inside out(why, How, What).

Simon gives example like the company Apple “ Why can they attract many people buy their product” and many other company can create product like company Apple but they don’t sell many product like company Apple. Because Apple think differently. This demonstrates that everyone often does not buy what businesses do; they buy why businesses do. And Apple has done the same, and they attract people to buy their products.

Simon gives his opinion on biology. He said that the human brain has three components and the same with a golden circle. He explains that when we communicate from the outside in, people can understand but it is not right. On the other hand, we can communicate from inside in. People can understand almost any information we give.

Simon said that it’s crucial to understand “why”. It helps creating a connection with each other.  And Simon said that the goal is not just hiring people or sell product. If we hire people believe what we believe, they can work hard dedicated for you. He give example “ the Wright Brother”.

We can see the difference between the Wright brothers and Langley. Wright brothers give reasons, causes, and beliefs. Therefore, people work for him with dedication. And Langley just works because he wants to be rich and famous. Therefore, on the day he flew, he quit.

 He explains the importance of attracting people who believe in your core values and purpose, rather than just selling a product or hiring for skills. He introduces the Law of Diffusion of Innovation, which segments the population into innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards.

To achieve mass-market success, a product or idea needs to reach a tipping point of 15-18% market penetration. This requires bridging the gap between early adopters and the early majority, a concept known as Crossing the Chasm".

 Innovators and early adopters make decisions based on their beliefs and are willing to be the first to try new products, even if it's costly or inconvenient. This behavior is driven by their desire to align with their beliefs and prove their values.

He gives example about famous failure and a famous success of the law diffusion of innovation. This clearly demonstrate leaders who start with “ why” that have the ability to inspire those around them or find others who inspire them.

Vocabulary learned:

I learn some nice words and expressions from the listening:

1.    Consultants

2.    The Civil Rights movement

3.    Codify

4.    Proposition

5.    Reverse

6.    Eminently

7.    Correlate

8.    Tangible thing

9.    Gut decision

10.  Muster up

11.  Limbic brain

12.  Blood and sweat and teas

13.  And lo and behold

14.  Permutation

15. The law of diffusion of innovation

16.  Terminology

17.  Late majority

18. Laggard

19. Versus

20. Dispute

21.  Stock

22.   Comprehensive

Sound /b/: https://voca.ro/148jT5HdTS41

Sound /m/: https://voca.ro/1802GQ7i3rt6

Sound /w/: https://voca.ro/1802GQ7i3rt6

Sound /d/:https://voca.ro/17BE6vdGbTsb

Sound /k/: https://voca.ro/1jojNb8wHxaG

Sound /g/: https://voca.ro/1kQnqUCyEpEr

Sound /v/: https://voca.ro/12NZBuDXQCcW

Sound /s/: https://voca.ro/14QZaEHU0afP

To defy /tu dɪˈfaɪ/ (V) : coi thường gì đó
The assumption /ði əˈsʌmpʃənz/ (N) : giả định
Innovative / ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ (adj) : mang tính đổi mới, sáng tạo, có tính cải tiến.
Agencies /ˈeɪdʒənsiz/ (N) : các cơ quan, tổ chức, đại lý hoặc công ty dịch vụ.
Consultants /kənˈsʌltənts/ (N) : các cố vấn, chuyên gia tư vấn.
Pre-civil rights /pri-ˈsɪvəl raɪts/ (N P) : trước phong trào dân quyền
Orator /ˈɔːrətər/ (N) : nhà hùng biện, diễn giả
Profoundly /prəˈfaʊndli/ (Adv) : sâu sắc, một cách sâu sắc, thấm thìa
Codify /ˈkɑː.dɪ.faɪ/ (V) : hệ thống hóa, mã hóa hoặc đưa vào luật lệ, quy tắc chính thức.
Differentiated /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃieɪtɪd/ ( Adj) : được phân biệt, khác biệt hoặc được điều chỉnh phù hợp với từng đối tượng.
Proposition /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən/ (N) : đề xuất, lời đề nghị, mệnh đề hoặc ý tưởng
Proprietary /prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri/ ( Adj, N) : sở hữu độc quyền, thuộc quyền sở hữu của một cá nhân hoặc công ty.
The fuzziest thing /ðə ˈfʌziɪst θɪŋ/ (NP) : điều mơ hồ nhất, thứ mềm mại nhất, hoặc thứ rối rắm nhất
Interpersonally /ˌɪntərˈpɜrsənəli/ (Adv) : về mặt giao tiếp giữa người với người hoặc liên quan đến mối quan hệ giữa các cá nhân.
Mileage /ˈmaɪləʤ / : Khoảng cách di chuyển, Mức tiêu hao nhiên liệu.
status quo /ˈstætəs kwoʊ/ : hiện trạng, tình trạng hiện tại.
Eminently /ˈɛmənəntli/ (Adv) : cực kỳ, rất, đặc biệt.
Correlate /ˈkɔːrəleɪt/  (V) : tương quan hoặc liên hệ
Corresponds /ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz/ (V) : phù hợp với, khớp với, tương ứng.
Rationalize /ˈræʃənəˌlaɪz/ (V) : lý giải, biện minh hoặc hợp lý hóa .
The tangible things /ðə ˈtænʤəbəl θɪŋz/ : những thứ hữu hình
Muster up /ˈmʌstər ʌp/ (Ph.V) : tập hợp, huy động hoặc gom góp.
Permutation /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/ (V) : sự hoán vị hoặc sự sắp xếp lại thứ tự của các phần tử trong một tập hợp.
under-capitalized /əndərˈkæpətəˌlaɪzd/ (Adj) : Thiếu vốn
Diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ ( N) : sự khuếch tán hoặc sự lan truyền
Intuitive /ɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/ (Adj) : dễ hiểu, dễ sử dụng

Vocabulary I learn from the video

Notorious /noʊˈtɔːriəs/ (Adj) : tai tiếng hoặc nổi tiếng xấu
Devastated /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪ.tɪd/ (Adj) : rất buồn bã, tan nát hoặc bị chấn động nặng nề
Solidify /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/ (V) : làm cho vững chắc, củng cố hoặc trở nên rắn chắc
Fundamental / ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl/ (Adj) : cơ bản, nền tảng, cốt lõi
Explicitly / ɪkˈsplɪsətli/ (Adv) : một cách rõ ràng, một cách cụ thể.
Label / ˈleɪbəl/ (V) : gán nhãn cho một đối tượng
Tremendous / trəˈmɛndəs/ (Adj) : rất lớn, khổng lồ, vĩ đại
Occupation / ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən/ (N) : nghề nghiệp hoặc sự chiếm đóng
Competent / ˈkɑmpətɪnt/ (Adj) : có đủ năng lực, trình độ, hoặc khả năng để thực hiện một nhiệm vụ hay công việc một cách hiệu quả.
perceive / pərˈsiv/ (V) : được nhận thức, được quan sát, được xem như
Assertive / əˈsɜrtɪv/ (Adj) : tự tin và quyết đoán.
Tentative / ˈtɛntətɪv/ (Adj) : do dự, chưa chắc chắn, hoặc thử nghiệm
Receptivity / ˈriˌsɛpˈtɪvɪti/ (N) : khả năng và sự sẵn lòng tiếp nhận, chấp nhận hoặc lắng nghe

This listening focus on success is not power, it is status. In the start of video, Adam talked about game. Through story of Eric, we can see that it is important to deep understanding our status in every situation. And then, introduction of Adam Grant, an organization psychologist, he explores about ‘power’ and ‘status’. He said that ‘power’ and status is different. "Status is another person or person's opinion about how respected, admired, vualuable you are. Power is controlling resources that other people want. So you control money, you control, the ability to hire and fire and promote. That's power. " Researcher also shows that a person have a power but they don’t have status. But a person pursues status, and then reaching power is easier

He also found that two key drivers of status: competence and care.

The next is conversational between Adam and Chynna. Through that, Chynna demonstrate her competence and care. She received a status as well as power.

 Exploring the concept of "powerless speech" and its surprising effectiveness in collaborative settings. Contrary to common belief, status and competence are not always gained through assertiveness. Instead, using tentative language—such as disclaimers, questions, or requests for advice—can make individuals appear more receptive and considerate, thereby increasing their influence.

Alison Fragale’s research suggests that powerless speech is particularly useful in interdependent work environments where collaboration is key. It allows individuals, including women who often face biases against assertiveness, to navigate power dynamics effectively. Survivor contestant Parvati Shallow exemplified this strategy, using indirect language to manipulate stronger personalities and gain status in the game.

While powerless speech can be a tool for success, Fragale emphasizes that individuals should not feel forced to adopt it but should instead focus on balancing competence and care in ways that feel authentic to them. Another approach to earning status is “prototypicality,” where individuals align themselves with their group’s core values, making their contributions more respected and accepted.

Ultimately, status is contextual and not zero-sum—different people can hold status in different situations. The key to gaining and maintaining it lies in demonstrating both competence and consideration for others.

Vocabulary learned:

I learn some nice word and expressions from the listening:

1.    Blindside: điểm mù

2.    Alliance: liên minh

3.    Immunity: miễn dịch

4.    Guaranteed: đảm bảo

5.    Devastated: bị tàn phá

6.    A strong contender

7.    Appeal (v,n)

8.    A quarterback throwing

9.    Solidify:đông đặc

10.  Govern(v): to control direct the public business of a country,city, group of people

11.  Social hierarchy: hệ thống phân cấp xã hội

12.  Correlate: tương quan

13.  Ego: cái tôi

14.  Competent: able to do st well

15.  Wrist: cổ tay

16.  Genuine: (adj) thành thật

17.  Dissipated: spending too much time enjoying physical pleasure and harmful activities such as drinking a lot of alcohol

18.  Perception: (n)a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem

19.   Assertive: (n) khẳng định

20.  Source of strength

21.  An interdependent relationship: mối quan hệ phụ thuộc lẫn nhau

22.  Versus: used to say that one team or person is competing against another

23.  Turn into: to change and become so or st different, or to make someone or something do this

24.  Assertiveness: sự quyết đoán

25.  Core value: giá trị cốt lõi

26.  Align with: liên kết bản thân với cái gì, cái gì đó

The talk explains why some leaders and organizations are able to inspire powerfully and have a profound impact, while others achieve only average success.

*Most companies and individuals focus only on WHAT (what they do) and HOW (how they do it), but great leaders start with WHY – they inspire by sharing why they do it in the first place. He gave some typical example of Apple and Dell.

Then, he shown the comparison with normal organizations. These companies fail to create a strong emotional connection with customers, because they focus only on the product instead of the core purpose.

Biological Effects – How the Human Brain Reacts to WHY, He emphasized the biological effect, not the psychological one. ince the limbic system does not process language but is responsible for emotions and decision making, when a leader inspires with WHY , they tap into deep human emotions and inspire loyalty.

The phenomenon of "Law of Diffusion of Innovation"Sinek refers to the Law of Diffusion of Innovation , in which he divides customers/markets into 5 groups:

Innovators – 2.5% : Pioneers who test new ideas.

Early Adopters – 13.5% : The first group that believes in new products and ideas.

Early Majority – 34%

Late Majority – 34%

Laggards – 16%

Finally,the importance of trust and inspiration. Sinek emphasizes that people don't buy your product, they buy why you do it . Organizations with a strong WHY don't compete on price or product features, but create loyalty from customers and employees.

Simon Sinek's impressive quote:

1. If you talk about what you believe, you will attract those who believe what you believe.

2. They buy why you do it. What you do simply proves what you believe.

3. People will do the things that prove what they believe.

4. People who believed what he believed took his cause, and they made it their own, and they told people.

II. NEW VOCABULARY I LEARNED FROM THE VIDEO

1. Innovative (adj) /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ : mang tính đổi mới, sáng tạo

   
   

2. Agency (n) /ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/ : Cơ quan, tổ chức; quyền tự chủ

   
   

3. Consultant (n) /kənˈsʌl.tənt/: Chuyên gia tư vấn

4. Pre-Civil Rights (adj) /priː ˈsɪv.əl raɪts/ :Trước phong trào dân quyền

5. Orator (noun): /ˈɔːr.ə.tɚ/ Nhà diễn thuyết, người hùng biện

6. Turn Out (phrasal verb) /tɜrn aʊt/: Kết cục, tham dự, xuất hiện

7. Fuzzy (adjective) /ˈfʌz.i/: Mờ nhạt, không rõ ràng

8. Inside Out (adverb, adjective) /ˌɪn.saɪd ˈaʊt/ : Lộn ngược, hiểu rõ tường tận

9. Interpersonally (adverb)

   /ˌɪn.tɚˈpɝː.sən.əl.i/: Liên quan đến giao tiếp giữa các cá nhân, mật thiết

10. Status Quo (noun)/ˌsteɪ.təs ˈkwoʊ/: Hiện trạng, tình trạng hiện tại

11. Structurally (adverb): /ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ.əl.i/: Về mặt cấu trúc

12. Correlate (verb, noun)/ˈkɔːr.ə.leɪt/: Có liên quan, tương quan với nhau

13. Assume (verb)/əˈsuːm/: Giả định, cho rằng; đảm nhận trách nhiệm

    
    

    
    

In the podcast "The Secret to Success Isn't Power — It's Status" from "WorkLife with Adam Grant," organizational psychologist Adam Grant discusses how to achieve sustainable success through building and maintaining * status ( power ). He argues that status, built on respect and prestige, leads to more lasting influence and stronger relationships than power, which is often based on control and coercion.

In this episode, Adam Grant talks to Parvati Shallow, star of "Survivor"; Alison Fragale, organizational psychologist and author; and Chynna Clayton, former special assistant to Michelle Obama. Together, they explore effective strategies for gaining and maintaining status in the workplace, building strong relationships, and advancing your career.

Key points covered include:

• Building status through contribution and expertise: Rather than seeking power through title or authority, making meaningful contributions and demonstrating expertise can help individuals gain respect and appreciation from their peers.

• The Importance of Relationships: The

• Maintaining Authenticity: Action

The podcast emphasizes that while power can yield short-term results, status built on respect and credibility results in lasting influence and deeper relationships in the workplace.

II. NEW VOCABULARY THAT I LEARNED FROM THE PODCAST

1. Blindside (verb)/ˈblaɪnd.saɪd/: Tấn công hoặc làm ai đó bất ngờ, gây sốc

2. Immunity (noun): /ɪˈmjuː.nə.t̬i/: Sự miễn dịch, sự miễn trừ

3. Alliance (noun): /əˈlaɪ.əns/: Liên minh, sự liên kết

4. Contender (noun): /kənˈten.dɚ/: Đối thủ, ứng viên tranh đấu

5. Solidify (verb): /səˈlɪd.ə.faɪ/: Làm vững chắc, củng cố

6. Misjudge (verb): /ˌmɪsˈdʒʌdʒ/: Đánh giá sai, nhận định sai

7. Labeled (verb, adjective): /ˈleɪ.bəld/: Dán nhãn, bị gán mác

8. Hierarchy (noun): /ˈhaɪ.rɑːr.ki/: Hệ thống cấp bậc

9. Lump (noun, verb): /lʌmp/: Cục, tảng (n); gộp lại thành một nhóm (v)

10. Go hand in hand (idiom): /ɡoʊ hænd ɪn hænd/: Đi đôi với nhau, liên kết chặt chẽ

11. Go in (phrasal verb): /ɡoʊ ɪn/: Đi vào, tham gia

12. Characteristic (noun, adjective): /ˌker.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪk/: Đặc điểm (n); đặc trưng (adj)

13. Diverge (verb): /daɪˈvɝːdʒ/: Khác biệt, phân ra hai hướng

14. Tentative (adjective): /ˈten.t̬ə.t̬ɪv/: Thử nghiệm, không chắc chắn

15. Prototypicality (noun): /ˌproʊ.t̬əˌtɪp.ɪˈkæl.ə.t̬i/: Tính điển hình của nguyên mẫu

16. Exemplify (verb): /ɪɡˈzem.plə.faɪ/: Minh họa bằng ví dụ

17. Straightforward (adjective)/ˌstreɪtˈfɔːr.wɚd/: Thẳng thắn, dễ hiểu

This listening focuses on why sleep is important. Russell Foster is a circadian neuroscientist: He studies the sleep cycles of the brain. In the beginning of the video, he gives people's opinions about sleep. Most of them think that sleep is a way to waste time. But he argues that this is not true. He starts explaining why we need to sleep in our lives.

He interprets the structure of the brain. He said that many activities in our body actually operate when sleeping. Sleep arises from different interactions. Therefore, sleep is turned on and off as a result of a range of interactions.

He gives three ideas about sleep: restoration, energy conservation, and brain function.

+ The idea of restoration suggests that different things have been used in the day by us and will restore, replace while sleeping. Back to Aristotle, it’s popular now because it is linked with the brain, with evidence showing that a group of genes is associated with restoration and metabolic pathways.

+ Energy conservation during sleep is minimal; it only saves 110 calories a night. And it is equivalent to a hot dog bun. Therefore, we should not conserve energy.

ð Sleep is very essential for humans; it’s not an indulgence. Sleeping as an airplane. If you don’t sleep, you cannot take off. He finds that most people these days are sleep-deprived.

In the 1950s, most of us absorbed is eight o’clock every night. However, nowadays it decreases just 6.5 hours, or less than five hours a night.

Shift work is one of the sleeping causes of lack of sleep. It disrupts the body’s natural sleep cycle. This often leads to poor quality sleep, around 5 hours per night. Many people suffer from jet lag, causing a craving for sleep. The brain can involuntarily fall into micro-sleep, which can be embarrassing or even deadly. Around 31% of drivers will fall asleep at the wheel at least once, leading to 100,000 accidents annually in the US. Major disasters like Chernobyl and the Challenger explosion have been partially attributed to sleep deprivation among workers. Lack of sleep leads to poor memory, creativity, impulsiveness, and overall judgment.

Weight gain: When we lacked sleep, our brain needed carbohydrates. And it is particular sugar. It can lead to obesity.

We feel irritable and grumpy when we get up every morning. It’s actually that we are sleep-deprived.

He advised we should keep our living room with suitable light. We have to turn off our technology before going to bed.

He said that “there is no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early 

gives you more wealth at all. There's no difference in socioeconomic status.”

Recent research highlights a strong connection between mental health and sleep. People with conditions like schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder often have disrupted sleep patterns, such as staying awake at night and sleeping during the day. The brain areas that control sleep and mental health overlap, and genetic changes in these areas can lead to both sleep issues and mental health problems. Sleep disruptions can sometimes be an early sign of mental illness and can make symptoms worse. By stabilizing sleep, it's possible to help treat mental health issues, making sleep an important part of overall well-being.

In conclusion, Foster emphasizes that sleep deprivation can impair memory, judgment, and overall health, leading to increased stress and susceptibility to illness. He advocates for viewing sleep as a vital component of health, not merely an inconvenience. To improve sleep quality, he suggests maintaining a dark, cool bedroom environment and establishing consistent sleep routines.

Vocabulary learned

I learn some nice words and expressions from the listening:

1.    Desperately: (v) /ˈdes.pər.ət.li/

ð Tuyệt vọng, hết sức, liều lĩnh

2.    Dew of slumber: sương của giấc ngủ

3.    Invade:(v) /ɪnˈveɪd/

ð Xâm lược, xâm nhập

4.    Tolerate: (v)/ˈtɒl.ə.reɪt/

ð Chịu đựng, khoan dung, tha thứ

5.    Abandon: (v) /əˈbæn.dən/

ð Từ bỏ, bỏ rơi, ruồng bỏ

6.    Shut down: tắt máy

7.     Consensus: (n) /kənˈsen.səs/

ð Sự đồng thuận, sự nhất  trí

8.    Restoration: (n) /ˌres.təˈreɪ.ʃən/

ð Sự phục hồi, sự khôi phục, sự trùng tu

9.    Indulgence: (n) /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒəns/

=> sự nuông chiều

10. Irritable: (n) /ˈɪr.ɪ.tə.bəl/

ð Dễ cáu kỉnh

11. a biological predisposition: /ə ˌbaɪ.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

=>  một khuynh hướng sinh hocó

12. Extraordinary: (adj) /ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪ.nə.ri/

ð Phi thường, bất thường

13. Smashed: (adj)/smæʃt/

ð say rượu, bị vỡ nát

14. Precede: (v) /prɪˈsiːd/

ð nói trước cái gì, đi trước

15. Debilitating condition: /dɪˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ kənˈdɪʃ.ən/

ð tình trạng suy nhược

Simon Sinek's talk, "How Great Leaders Inspire Action," highlights the importance of beginning with the question "Why?" He introduces the concept of the Golden Circle, which includes three questions: Why?, How?, and What? Successful leaders and organizations start with Why, which represents their purpose or belief. They inspire others by sharing this purpose, creating an emotional connection. To illustrate this point, Sinek uses examples such as Apple, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright brothers. Apple challenges the status quo and thinks differently, Martin Luther King Jr. inspired people with his dream, and the Wright brothers believed strongly in their vision. According to Sinek, true leadership is about inspiring others to follow a vision, not just managing tasks. By focusing on Why, leaders can inspire action and build loyalty, making them more successful and beloved.

VOCABULARY

• Golden Circle (n): Mô hình Vòng tròn Vàng

• Emotional connection (n phr): Kết nối cảm xúc

• Challenge the status quo (v phr): Thách thức hiện trạng

• Vision (n): Tầm nhìn

• Managing tasks (v phr): Quản lý công việc

• Build loyalty (v phr): Xây dựng lòng trung thành

• Beloved (adj): Được yêu mến

In this talk, Adam Grant explains that true success comes from status rather than power. He says that being respected and admired by others is more important than just having control over resources. People with high status are trusted and liked, which helps them succeed in the long run.

Grant shares stories and examples to show how people can gain and maintain status. He talks about the importance of being generous and helping others, rather than trying to dominate them. By building strong relationships and earning respect, individuals can achieve lasting success.

In short, Adam Grant's message is that status, built on respect and admiration, is the key to long-term success, not just power and control.

VOCABULARY

• Power dynamics (n phr): Động lực quyền lực

• Social status (n phr): Địa vị xã hội

• Authority (n): Quyền uy

• Influence (v/n): Ảnh hưởng

• Hierarchy (n): Hệ thống cấp bậc

• Long-term success (adj + n): Thành công lâu dài

• Organizational culture (n phr): Văn hóa tổ chức

• Collaborative efforts (n phr): Nỗ lực hợp tác

• Professional growth (n phr): Phát triển nghề nghiệp

In video “Why Do We Sleep?”, neuroscientist Russell Foster explains the importance of sleep and dispels the misconception that sleep is laziness. He emphasizes that sleep plays a vital role in cognition, memory, the immune system, and mental health, and that sleep deprivation can lead to serious consequences such as reduced work performance, traffic accidents, and long-term health problems. Foster also points out that modern society often underestimates the value of sleep, encouraging people to adjust their lifestyles to ensure adequate sleep, thereby improving their quality of life and overall health.

II. NEW VOCABULARY THAT I LEARNED FROM THE VIDEO

1. Wimp /wɪmp/ (noun) – Người nhút nhát, yếu đuối

2. Infamous /ˈɪnfəməs/ (adjective) – Tai tiếng, khét tiếng (vì điều xấu)

3. Biological clock /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl klɒk/ (noun phrase) – Đồng hồ sinh học

4. Invade /ɪnˈveɪd/ (verb) – Xâm lược, xâm phạm

5. Tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ (verb) – Chịu đựng, khoan dung

6. Sort of a cure /sɔːt əv ə kjʊər/ (noun phrase) – Kiểu như một cách chữa trị

7. Profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ (adjective) – Sâu sắc, uyên thâm

8. Abandon /əˈbændən/ (verb) – Bỏ rơi, từ bỏ

9. Neuroscientist /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəntɪst/ (noun) – Nhà thần kinh học

10. Extent /ɪkˈstent/ (noun) – Mức độ, phạm vi

11. Indulge /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ (verb) – Nuông chiều, tận hưởng

12. Micro sleep /ˈmaɪkrəʊ sliːp/ (noun) – Giấc ngủ chợp mắt ngắn (vài giây)

13. Statistic /stəˈtɪstɪk/ (noun) – Thống kê

14. Freeway /ˈfriːweɪ/ (noun) – Đường cao tốc

15. Vigilance /ˈvɪdʒɪləns/ (noun) – Sự cảnh giác

16. Extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri/ (adjective) – Phi thường

17. Terror /ˈterər/ (noun) – Sự kinh hoàng, nỗi khiếp sợ

18. Tragically /ˈtrædʒɪkli/ (adverb) – Một cách bi thảm

19. Robust /rəʊˈbʌst/ (adjective) – Mạnh mẽ, vững chắc

In this video focus on slowness. In the beginning, Journalist carl Honoroé said about his obsession about slowness over year. He finds that most people want learn how to slow down, but they also want to learn quickly. Everyone tried to do everything faster, such as speed dial, speed reading, speed dating, and even speed yoga. However, people don’t notice about the problem of roadrunner form. It can affect health, diet, work, relationship, the environment and our community. Many people only realize this when they get sick or lose something.

Honoroé realized when he read bedtime stories to his son. He read so fast and he had a quarrel with his son about this. Then, he realized that he was not enjoying this special time with his son. He understood living rushing is not always a best choice. He was too busy and he needed to learn more about slow living.

He asked “how our world got so accelerated” and said “ urbanization, consumerism, the workplace, technology”. He find in many culture, “ time is cyclical” “ time is linear” “time is money” “time is scarce. In the other hand, today many people try to slow down. He said that if people slow down right movement, people will get better. There is a movement called the “Slow Movement”. He gives example about “Slow Food” movement, it start by Italy, and it spread quickly around the world. It encourages people to enjoy cooking and eating. In addition, the “ Slow Cities movement’ spread across Europe. Creating better places for people to relax.

Other examples have filed medicine. Where people use natural healing methods, and relationships, where slow love and intimacy bring more happiness. Even at work, shorter hours can make people more productive. Some schools reduces homework, helping student think better. Even famous universities like Harvard encourage students to slow down.

Although slowing down is difficult because speed is exciting, it is important. The Slow Movement does not mean doing everything slowly, but doing things at the right speed.

In the end, Honores believes that we should not always rush. Life is not a race. When we slow down, wan can feel healthier. Slowing down does not mean doing nothing-it means making time for the things that really matter.

Vocabulary learned:

I learn some nice words and expressions from the listening:

1.      Acceleration /əkˌsɛləˈreɪʃən/ - Sự tăng tốc

2.      Productivity /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvɪti/ - Năng suất

1. 3.      Revolution /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/ - Cuộc cách mạng

   4.      Instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ - Một cách bản năng

   5.      Perception /pərˈsɛpʃən/ - Nhận thức

   6.      Civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ - Nền văn minh

   7.      Frenzy /ˈfrɛnzi/ - Cơn điên cuồng

   8.      Efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ - Hiệu quả

   9.      Multitasking /ˈmʌltiˌtæskɪŋ/ - Làm nhiều việc cùng lúc

   10.   Relentless /rɪˈlɛntləs/ - Không ngừng nghỉ

   11.   Revolutionize /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃənaɪz/ - Cách mạng hóa

   12.   Emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ - Sự nhấn mạnh

   13.   Synchronize /ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz/ - Đồng bộ hóa

   14.   Superficial /ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl/ - Hời hợt, bề ngoài

   15.   Hectic /ˈhɛktɪk/ - Bận rộn, cuồng nhiệt

   16.   Tranquility /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/ - Sự yên bình

   17.   Leisure /ˈlɛʒər/ hoặc /ˈliːʒər/ - Thời gian rảnh rỗi

   18.   Momentum /moʊˈmɛntəm/ - Động lực, đà

   19.   Obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/ - Sự ám ảnh

   20.   Pace /peɪs/ - Nhịp độ

   21.   Overwhelming /ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ/ - Áp đảo, quá tải

   22.   Overwork /ˌoʊvərˈwɜrk/ - Làm việc quá sức

   23.   Mindfulness /ˈmaɪndfʊlnəs/ - Sự tỉnh thức

   24.   Recuperate /rɪˈkuːpəreɪt/ - Hồi phục

   25.   Contemplate /ˈkɑːntəmˌpleɪt/ - Suy ngẫm

   26.   Flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ - Phát triển mạnh

   27.   Disconnection /ˌdɪskəˈnɛkʃən/ - Sự mất kết nối

   28.   Sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti/ - Sự bền vững

   29.   Underestimate /ˌʌndərˈɛstɪmeɪt/ - Đánh giá thấp

   30.   Revolution /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/ - Cuộc cách mạng

This listening focuses on problems in the food system. He said that food corporations always try to appeal to children with colorful packaging. He uses to think that food came from happy farms, but that is not true. He started researching how food is actually made.

He mentioned that there are genetically engineered seeds and organisms, which can cause cancer. People have ben consuming them since the 1990s, but most are unaware of their existence. Additionally, harmful chemicals are sprayed fruits and vegetables.

He wants to change these things. He once aspired to be an NFL football player, but now he would rather be an organic farmer. He encourages people to buy food from local farmers or neighbors they know and to eat organic food.

Vocabulary

I learn some nice word and expressions from the listening:

1.    Corporation /ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃən/: tập đoàn

2.    Packaging /ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ/: bao bì

3.    Industrialized /ɪnˈdʌstriəˌlaɪzd/: công ngiệp hoá

4.    Genetically /dʒəˈnetɪkli/: về mặt di truyền

5.    Engineered /ˌenʤɪˈnɪrd/: được thiết kế, biến đổi

6.    Organism /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/: sinh vật

7.    Manipulate /məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt/: thao túng, can thiệp

8.    Irradiate /ɪˈreɪdiˌeɪt/: chiếu xạ

9.    Toxicity /tɑːkˈsɪsəti/: độc tính

10.  Pesticide /ˈpestɪˌsaɪd/: thuốc trừ sâu

11. Herbicide /ˈhɜː: rbɪˌsaɪd/: thuốc diệt cỏ

12. Inflammation /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən/: viêm nhiễm

13.  Lesion /ˈliːʒən/

14. Confined /kənˈfaɪnd/: bị giam giữu, giới hạn

15. Fossil fuel /ˈfɑːsəl ˌfjuːəl/: nhiên liệu hoá thạch

16.  Poisoning /ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ/: sự nhiễm độc

17. Movement /ˈmuːvmənt/: phong trào

Russell Foster emphasizes that sleep is vital for brain function, memory consolidation, creativity, and emotional well-being. Despite misconceptions that sleep is unproductive, it plays a crucial role in decision-making, problem-solving, and maintaining mental health. Teenagers, often mislabeled as lazy, actually experience biological shifts that delay their sleep cycles. Sleep deprivation leads to impaired vigilance, reduced cognitive performance, and increased risk of accidents, especially due to micro-sleeps. Long-term effects include obesity, heart disease, weakened immune function, and even a shorter lifespan. To improve sleep quality, Foster recommends maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, reducing screen exposure before bed, and avoiding stimulants like caffeine in the evening. Instead of sacrificing sleep for productivity, we should recognize it as a fundamental pillar of good health and overall well-being.

II. NEW VOCABULARY LEARNED FROM THE VIDEO

1. Wimp (n) /wɪmp/ – Kẻ nhút nhát, yếu đuối

2. Infamous (adj) /ˈɪnfəməs/ – Khét tiếng, tai tiếng

3. Biological clock (n) /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl klɒk/ – Đồng hồ sinh học

4. Invade (v) /ɪnˈveɪd/ – Xâm lược, xâm nhập

5. Tolerate (v) /ˈtɒləreɪt/ – Chịu đựng, khoan dung

6. Sort of a cure (phr) – Một kiểu phương pháp chữa trị

7. Profound (adj) /prəˈfaʊnd/ – Sâu sắc, uyên thâm

8. Abandon (v) /əˈbændən/ – Bỏ rơi, từ bỏ

9. Neuroscientist (n) /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəntɪst/ – Nhà thần kinh học

10. Extent (n) /ɪkˈstent/ – Mức độ, phạm vi

11. Indulge (v) /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ – Nuông chiều, thỏa mãn

12. Micro sleep (n) /ˈmaɪkrəʊ sliːp/ – Giấc ngủ vi mô (ngủ chợp mắt trong thời gian ngắn)

13. Statistic (n) /stəˈtɪstɪk/ – Số liệu thống kê

14. Freeway (n) /ˈfriːweɪ/ – Đường cao tốc

15. Vigilance (n) /ˈvɪdʒɪləns/ – Sự cảnh giác

16. Extraordinary (adj) /ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri/ – Phi thường

17. Terror (n) /ˈterər/ – Sự kinh hoàng

18. Tragically (adv) – /ˈtrædʒɪkli/ – Một cách bi thảm)

19. Robust (adj) /rəʊˈbʌst/ – Mạnh mẽ, cường tráng

The leaders, inspirational figures, and organizations around the world all think, act, and communicate in the same way, which is completely different from others. Simon Sinek systematized this concept using the Golden Circle: What, How, and Why. It explains why inspiring leaders can evoke emotions and motivation in us. Sinek explains that this is what we desire and believe they can bring us new energy. He analyzes the key aspects of sales through the Golden Circle and emphasizes that it is based on biology rather than psychology. He also explains how we correspond to the three questions in the Golden Circle: What, How, and Why.

• Why represents the purpose.

• How represents the process.

• What represents the product.

Using Apple as an example:

"Everything we do, we believe in challenging the status quo. We believe in thinking differently. The way we challenge the status quo is by making our products beautifully designed, simple to use, and user-friendly. We just happen to make great computers. Want to buy one?"

Vocabulary learned

1. Tap into emotions – khai thác cảm xúc.

2. Strike a balance – tìm ra sự cân bằng.

3. Bridge the gap between vision and action – thu hẹp khoảng cách giữa tầm nhìn và hành động.

4. Lead by example – lãnh đạo bằng cách làm gương.

5. Be willing to do something – sẵn sàng làm gì đó.

6. Pursuit (noun): sự theo đuổi.

7. Eminently (adverb): hết sức, vô cùng.

8. Distinguish (verb): phân biệt, nhận ra sự khác biệt.

9. Comprehensive (adjective): toàn diện, bao quát.

10. Inspire (verb): truyền cảm hứng.

11. Innovative (adjective): sáng tạo, đổi mới.

12. Profoundly (adverb): một cách sâu sắc.

13. Codify (verb): hệ thống hóa, lập thành điều lệ.

14. Inspire (verb): truyền cảm hứng.

15. Assumption (noun): giả định, giả thiết.

16. Defy (verb): thách thức, bất chấp.

17. Orator (noun): nhà diễn thuyết.

18. Profoundly (adverb): một cách sâu sắc.

19. Pattern (noun): mẫu, khuôn mẫu.

20. Regardless (adverb): bất chấp, không quan tâm.

This focus on how to success. Analyst Richard St. John research 8 things lead to success:

+ Passion: If you work with love, success will follow you.

+ Work: It’s not easily in the world; you have to work hard to achieve. But receiving achievement is fun.

+ Practice: “To be successful, be specialized in something”.

+ Focus: We should focus on one thing and master it.

+ Push: We need to push yourself overcome shyness and adversity.

+ Serve: We must serve other, and create a value from one

+ Ideas: doing simple thing

+ Persistence: keeping toward even though "Criticism, Rejection, Assholes and Pressure."

Vocabulary:

I learned some nice word from the listening and expressions from the listening:

1.    Work frolics /wɝːk ˈfrɑː.lɪks/ : làm việc một cách vui vẻ

2.    Put one’s nose down in st: chăm chỉ làm một việc gì đó

3.    Self-doubts /self daʊts/: Những nghi ngờ về bản thân

4.    Privilege /ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒ/: đăck quyền

5.    Come up with: nảy ra ý tưởng

6.    Persistence /ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒ/: sự kiên trì bên bỉ không bỏ cuộc trước khó khăn

7.    Crap /kræp/: những thứ tệ hại, vô nghĩa

8.    Assholes /ˈæs.hoʊlz/: những kẻ thô lỗ, khó chịu

VIDEO SUMMARY

In this TED Talk, Simon Sinek explores the qualities that make great leaders and how they inspire action. He introduces the concept of the "Golden Circle," which consists of three layers:

1. Why: The core belief or purpose that drives an organization or individual.

2. How: The processes or values that bring the purpose to life.

3. What: The tangible products or services offered.

Sinek argues that most organizations and leaders communicate from the outside in (starting with what they do), but truly inspiring leaders communicate from the inside out (starting with why they do it). This approach resonates with people on a deeper, emotional level, fostering loyalty and trust.

Key Takeaways:

• Start with Why: Great leaders inspire by clearly articulating their purpose, belief, or cause. This creates a sense of belonging and motivates others to act.

• The Power of Belief: People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. Leaders who communicate their why attract like-minded individuals and build strong, loyal communities.

• The Role of Trust: Leaders who inspire action create environments where people feel safe and valued, encouraging innovation and collaboration.

Sinek uses examples like Apple, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright Brothers to illustrate how starting with why leads to extraordinary outcomes. He emphasizes that leadership is not about being in charge but about taking care of those in your charge.

In summary, a good leader is someone who inspires others by clearly communicating their purpose, building trust, and creating a sense of shared belief. This approach not only drives success but also fosters meaningful connections and lasting impact.

NEW VOCABULARY

Manipulation (N) /məˌnɪpjʊˈleɪʃən/ : Thao túng

Cortex (N) /ˈkɔːrtɛks/ : Vỏ não

Diffusion of Innovation (N.phr) /dɪˈfjuːʒən əv ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ : Sự lan truyền của đổi mới

Tipping Point (N.phr) /ˈtɪpɪŋ pɔɪnt/ : Điểm bùng phát

Concepts:

1. Power vs. Status

   • Power: The ability to control resources or influence others, often through authority or force.

   • Status: The level of respect, admiration, and recognition one receives from others.

   Grant emphasizes that while power can be taken or given, status must be earned through competence, generosity, and contribution.

2. The Role of Appearance

   • Appearance can influence how others perceive our status. For example, dressing professionally or carrying oneself confidently can signal competence and credibility.

   • However, Grant stresses that true status comes from actions, not just appearances. People who consistently contribute value to others earn lasting respect.

3. Generosity and Status

   • Grant highlights that giving (sharing knowledge, helping others, and contributing to the group) is a powerful way to build status.

   • Generosity fosters trust and reciprocity, which are essential for long-term success.

4. The Downside of Power

   • Relying solely on power can lead to resentment, resistance, and isolation.

   • In contrast, status builds collaboration and loyalty, as people willingly follow those they respect.

5. Practical Takeaways

   • Focus on earning respect through competence, kindness, and contribution.

   • Avoid using power to dominate others, as it can damage relationships and reputation.

   • Invest in building genuine connections and helping others succeed.

Examples from the Talk:

• Grant shares stories of leaders who gained status by empowering others rather than asserting dominance.

• He also discusses how individuals who prioritize generosity and collaboration often achieve greater success and influence.

Message:

Success isn’t about wielding power over others, it’s about earning status through respect, generosity, and meaningful contributions. Appearance can play a role in shaping perceptions, but true status is built through actions that benefit others and create lasting impact.

NEW VOCABULARY

Reciprocity (N) /ˌrɛsɪˈprɒsɪti/ : Sự có đi có lại

Resentment (N) /rɪˈzɛntmənt/ : Sự oán giận

Credibility (N) /ˌkrɛdɪˈbɪlɪti/ : Tính đáng tin cậy

VIDEO SUMMARY

In this TED Talk, Russell Foster explores the science of sleep and its critical role in our physical, mental, and emotional well-being. While the talk primarily focuses on sleep, it indirectly touches on the transition from childhood to adulthood by highlighting how sleep patterns change as we age and how these changes impact development and maturity.

Concepts:

1. The Importance of Sleep

   • Sleep is essential for brain function, memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and overall health.

   • Foster explains that sleep is not a passive state but an active process that supports learning, creativity, and problem-solving.

2. Sleep Patterns Across Ages

   • Children and teenagers require more sleep than adults because their brains and bodies are still developing.

   • As we transition into adulthood, our sleep patterns shift, and we tend to sleep less. This change is linked to biological and hormonal changes.

3. The Role of the Circadian Rhythm

   • The circadian rhythm (our internal body clock) regulates sleep-wake cycles.

   • Teenagers experience a shift in their circadian rhythm, making them naturally inclined to stay up late and wake up later. This is often misinterpreted as laziness but is actually a biological trait.

4. Sleep Deprivation and Its Effects

   • Lack of sleep can impair cognitive function, emotional stability, and decision-making.

   • Foster emphasizes that sleep deprivation is particularly harmful during adolescence, a critical period for brain development.

5. When Does a Child Become an Adult?

   • While the talk doesn’t directly answer this question, it suggests that the transition to adulthood involves biological changes, including shifts in sleep patterns and brain development.

   • Emotional and cognitive maturity, which are influenced by sleep, also play a role in defining adulthood.

Lessons:

• Sleep is a cornerstone of health and development at every stage of life.

• The transition from childhood to adulthood involves changes in sleep needs and patterns, reflecting underlying biological and neurological development.

• Understanding sleep can help us better support young people as they navigate this transition.

NEW VOCABULARY

Circadian Rhythm (N.phr) /sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm/ : Nhịp sinh học

Sleep Deprivation (N.phr) /sliːp ˌdɛprɪˈveɪʃən/ : Thiếu ngủ

Memory Consolidation (N.phr) /ˈmɛməri kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃən/ : Củng cố trí nhớ

Neuroscientist (N) /ˌnjʊəroʊˈsaɪəntɪst/ : Nhà thần kinh học

Maturity (N) /məˈtjʊərɪti/ : Sự trưởng thành

Impairment (N) /ɪmˈpɛərmənt/ : Sự suy giảm

The leaders, inspirational figures, and organizations around the world all think, act, and communicate in the same way, which is completely different from others. Simon Sinek systematized this concept using the Golden Circle: What, How, and Why. It explains why inspiring leaders can evoke emotions and motivation in us.

Sinek explains that this is what we desire and believe they can bring us new energy. He analyzes the key aspects of sales through the Golden Circle and emphasizes that it is based on biology rather than psychology. He also explains how we correspond to the three questions in the Golden Circle: What, How, and Why.

• Why represents the purpose.

• How represents the process.

• What represents the product.

Using Apple as an example:

"Everything we do, we believe in challenging the status quo. We believe in thinking differently. The way we challenge the status quo is by making our products beautifully designed, simple to use, and user-friendly. We just happen to make great computers. Want to buy one?"

Vocabulary learned:

1. Stick to your values – giữ vững giá trị của bạn.

2. Build long-term relationships – xây dựng mối quan hệ dài hạn.

3. Strike a balance – tìm ra sự cân bằng

4. Bring an idea to life – hiện thực hóa một ý tưởng.

5. Transform the way we think – thay đổi cách chúng ta suy nghĩ.

6. Foster a culture of innovation – thúc đẩy văn hóa đổi mới.

7. Ignite a movement – khơi dậy một phong trào.

8. Bridge the gap between vision and action – thu hẹp khoảng cách giữa tầm nhìn và hành động.

9. Penetration (noun): sự thâm nhập, sự xâm nhập.

10. Tipping point (noun): điểm bùng phát, điểm tới hạn.

11. Intuitive (adjective): thuộc về trực giác.

12. Loyalty (noun): lòng trung thành.

13. Pursuit (noun): sự theo đuổi.

14. Eminently (adverb): hết sức, vô cùng.

15. Distinguish (verb): phân biệt, nhận ra sự khác biệt.

16. Comprehensive (adjective): toàn diện, bao quát.

17. Majority (noun): đa số.

18. Obvious (adjective): rõ ràng, hiển nhiên.

19. Fuzzy (adjective): mơ hồ, không rõ ràng.

20. Profoundly (adverb): một cách sâu sắc.

This listening focuses on "the power of believing that you can improve.". This speech talks about the power of growth mindset. Carol Dweck said that one school used "Not Yet" in tests instead of giving failing grades. Giving "not yet" makes students understand they have a chance to change the future.

She has investigated about how children react when they face challenge.  Some of children express excited, they want to learn more. Because they think that they can evolve through challenge. She said it is " Grow mindset". On the other hand, some kid was "tragic, catastrophic". They refuse luxuriating. Those are a "fixed mindset" avoid difficulty. while those with a growth mindset engage and learn from their mistake.

The consequences of a fixed mindset: Cheating instead of studying, compare themselves to others who performed worse than them, running from error:

How to build a growth mindset:

  + We should praise wisely, like their effort, their strategies, their focus, their perseverance, their improvement. => This help kid who can resilient

+ Reward Yet: When students struggle remind them, they have not succeeded "yet" but can improve with effort.

In conclusion: we should help students develop a growth mindset so they can face challenges with confidence, learn from their mistakes, and reach their full potential.

Vocabulary:

I learn some nice word and expressions from the listening:

1.    Growth mindset: tư duy phát triển

2.    Fixed mindset: tư duy cố định

3.    The power of yet: sức mạnh của “chưa”

4.    The tyranny of now: áp lực của bây giờ

5.    Resilience /rɪˈzɪl.jəns/ : sự kiên cường

6.    Perseverance /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/ : sự kiên trì

7.    Neural connections: kết nối thần kinh

8.    Catastrophic /ˌkæt.əˈstrɒf.ɪk/: thảm khốc, tồi tệ

9.    Perception /pəˈsɛp.ʃən/: nhận thức

10.  Validation /ˌvæl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ : sự công nhận

11. Underperform /ˌʌn.dɚ.pɚˈfɔːrm/: thể hiện kém

12.  Inevitable /ɪnˈev.ɪ.tə.bəl/: không thể tránh khỏi

13.  Efficient /ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/: hiệu quả

14. Judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/: sự đánh giá, phán xét

In the show Survivor, there is a man named Erik and a group called the Black Widow Brigade, an alliance of four women. They are preparing for the final stage of the show to win the prize. Parvati, the famous leader of the Black Widow Brigade, plans to eliminate Erik because he won a challenge and gained immunity, which would break up her group. The Black Widow Brigade tried to persuade Erik to give up his immunity to strengthen his position before the jury, but he misjudged his position and lost the chance to win 1 million dollars.

"Status is not just a big issue in reality TV. It is a core motivator in the workplace... and we often misunderstand those who have it – and how to achieve it. If you want to advance and integrate, you need to have a deep understanding of status," said Alison Fragala, a leading expert on status.

Power: (authority) control over other people's resources, Status: (respect) the judgment of others regarding how much they respect, admire, and value you. Power often comes with status, but they are two completely different concepts. However, there are many people who have power but lack status, which threatens their ego. For example, colleagues compete with each other at work by speaking ill of each other, managers try to advance by assigning difficult tasks to subordinates. When people pursue power while ignoring status, they become rotten apples that spoil the whole barrel. Alison believes that once you have status, the level of power doesn't matter anymore, because she cares about how the world interacts with you, how you are treated, and the qualities others think you have. In life, both of these factors are crucial for balance. You should pursue status first because power is less important, and having status will make it easier to gain power.

We can see that status cannot be taken away from someone, we can only influence it. It is the judgment of others regarding how much they value you. Alison Fragala views it as ability and care; you become valuable by creating value. For example, Chynna, a girl who got an internship at the White House, but when she first arrived, she wasn't respected. This led her to focus on building her status by contributing and connecting, which helped her move up to become a special assistant and trip director for Michelle Obama.

In conclusion, if you want to achieve status, you must clearly define your core values and then prove that your achievements are advancing those values.

Vocabulary learned

1. Insecurity

2. Misjudge

3. Hierarchy

4. Mistreatment

5. Tremendous

6. Navigate

7. Badmouthing peers

8. Adding value

9. Demonstrate competence

10. Demographics

11. Coax

12. Backlash

13. Overcompensate

14. Manipulate

15. Self-awareness

16. Take into account

17. Play a pivotal role

18. Reciprocity

19. Perpetuate

20. Notorious

21. Low-status power holder

22. Throw in the towel

23. Bite the bullet

24. To hit the nail on the head

25. Cutting-edge technology

26. Raise the bar

27. Game-changer

28. To see eye to eye

29. Undoubtedly

30. Subsequently

SUMMARY:

In Simon Sinek’s TED Talk, he explains that inspiring leaders focus on "Why"—their purpose and beliefs—rather than just what they offer. He introduces the Golden Circle model, which includes Why (purpose), How (process), and What (product). Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Apple succeeded by inspiring with a strong "Why." The limbic brain, responsible for emotions and decisions, is particularly responsive to "Why" messages. This makes emotional connection key to inspiring action.

*** VOCABULARY AND IDIOM I LEARN FROM VIDEO:

Vocabulary:

Here are the IPA pronunciations and meanings for the vocabulary words you provided:

1. Inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ – To motivate or encourage someone to take action.

2. Loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/ – Strong support or faithfulness to a person, group, or cause.

3. Innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ – Introducing new ideas, methods, or technologies.

4. Belief system /bɪˈliːf ˈsɪstəm/ – A set of principles or values that guide someone's actions and thoughts.

5. Limbic system /ˈlɪmbɪk ˈsɪstəm/ – The part of the brain involved in emotions, behavior, and decision-making.

Idioms & Phrases:

1. “Start with why” – Focus on purpose before process and product.

2. “People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it” – Customers care more about values than products.

3. “Lead by example” – Influence others through actions, not just words.

4. “Think outside the box” – Approach things in a creative way.

Power and Status are two different concepts.

SUMMARY: Power is the ability to control others, while Status is the respect and admiration you earn from others. The key difference is that status is given by others, whereas power can be taken. Seeking power without status can lead to negative consequences, such as arrogance or control without respect. When leaders have power but lack status, they may become ineffective because people follow them out of fear, not trust. To earn status, you need to demonstrate competence, earn trust, help others, and show humility. Great leaders typically earn status first, and then gain power naturally, while those who rely solely on power may struggle to maintain influence.

***Vocabulary & Idioms

**Vocabulary:

• Hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.rɑːr.ki/ – A system of ranking people or positions. (Hệ thống cấp bậc, thứ bậc)

• Authority /əˈθɔː.rə.t̬i/ – The right to make decisions and enforce rules. (Quyền hạn, quyền lực)

• Admiration /ˌæd.məˈreɪ.ʃən/ – Deep respect and approval. (Sự ngưỡng mộ, kính trọng)

• Competence /ˈkɑːm.pə.təns/ – The ability to do something well. (Năng lực, khả năng)

• Humility /hjuːˈmɪl.ə.t̬i/ – A modest view of one's own importance. (Sự khiêm tốn)

  
  

  **Idioms & Phrases:

• “Climb the ladder” – Advance in rank or status.

• “Power goes to your head” – Power makes someone arrogant.

• “Respect is earned, not given” – You must prove yourself to gain respect.

• “Pulling rank” – Using a higher position to force decisions.

https://voca.ro/17tSZEZpu0cW

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https://voca.ro/1jNLMkgzBC3Y

Sound /j/

https://voca.ro/1jFfeMuM1q29

https://voca.ro/13U3FKm1R3ax

Sound /l/

https://voca.ro/1j8qkV9LtZTa

Sound /θ/

https://voca.ro/1bXrID0wrpf4

Sound /ð/

https://voca.ro/1biyklaHuznR

Âm /ʍ/ (wh-sound)

https://voca.ro/1lMWw8oiu4Iw

https://voca.ro/13so2NibhStU

Sound /ɪ/

https://voca.ro/1gpSPzXAzZyw

Sound /e/

https://voca.ro/1jqIhLehxgbc

Sound /æ/

https://voca.ro/1mWR2oSQH1es

Sound /ɑː/

https://voca.ro/15ZV8jdKTAFd

Russell Foster emphasizes that sleep is vital for brain function, memory consolidation, creativity, and emotional well-being. Despite misconceptions that sleep is unproductive, it plays a crucial role in decision-making, problem-solving, and maintaining mental health. Teenagers, often mislabeled as lazy, actually experience biological shifts that delay their sleep cycles. Sleep deprivation leads to impaired vigilance, reduced cognitive performance, and increased risk of accidents, especially due to micro-sleeps. Long-term effects include obesity, heart disease, weakened immune function, and even a shorter lifespan. To improve sleep quality, Foster recommends maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, reducing screen exposure before bed, and avoiding stimulants like caffeine in the evening. Instead of sacrificing sleep for productivity, we should recognize it as a fundamental pillar of good health and overall well-being.

II.Vocabulary that I learned from the video

1. Wimp (n) /wɪmp/ – Kẻ nhút nhát, yếu đuối

2. Infamous (adj) /ˈɪnfəməs/ – Khét tiếng, tai tiếng

3. Biological clock (n) /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl klɒk/ – Đồng hồ sinh học

4. Invade (v) /ɪnˈveɪd/ – Xâm lược, xâm nhập

5. Tolerate (v) /ˈtɒləreɪt/ – Chịu đựng, khoan dung

6. Sort of a cure (phr) – Một kiểu phương pháp chữa trị

7. Profound (adj) /prəˈfaʊnd/ – Sâu sắc, uyên thâm

8. Abandon (v) /əˈbændən/ – Bỏ rơi, từ bỏ

9. Neuroscientist (n) /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəntɪst/ – Nhà thần kinh học

10. Extent (n) /ɪkˈstent/ – Mức độ, phạm vi

11. Indulge (v) /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ – Nuông chiều, thỏa mãn

12. Micro sleep (n) /ˈmaɪkrəʊ sliːp/ – Giấc ngủ vi mô (ngủ chợp mắt trong thời gian ngắn)

13. Statistic (n) /stəˈtɪstɪk/ – Số liệu thống kê

14. Freeway (n) /ˈfriːweɪ/ – Đường cao tốc

15. Vigilance (n) /ˈvɪdʒɪləns/ – Sự cảnh giác

16. Extraordinary (adj) /ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri/ – Phi thường

17. Terror (n) /ˈterər/ – Sự kinh hoàng

18. Tragically (adv) – /ˈtrædʒɪkli/ – Một cách bi thảm)

19. Robust (adj) /rəʊˈbʌst/ – Mạnh mẽ, cường tráng

The author reflects on the irony of promoting a book about slowing down while living in a fast-paced world. They observe how modern society is obsessed with speed, turning every aspect of life into a race—from work to relationships and even relaxation activities like yoga. This relentless pursuit of efficiency takes a toll on health, relationships, and overall well-being.

A personal wake-up call came when they realized they were rushing through bedtime stories with their child. This led them to explore the roots of our speed-driven culture, which stems from urbanization, consumerism, and a mindset that values constant productivity.

However, a global "Slow Movement" has emerged in response, advocating for a more mindful and intentional approach to food, work, parenting, and city life. It emphasizes that slowing down can lead to better quality and improved outcomes.

II. New vocabularies that I learned from the video

1. Irony /ˈaɪ.rə.ni/ - Sự trớ trêu

2. Promotion /prəˈməʊ.ʃən/ - Sự quảng bá

3. Bite-size /ˈbaɪt.saɪz/ - Nhỏ, ngắn gọn

4. Obsession /əbˈseʃ.ən/ - Sự ám ảnh

5. Gratification /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ - Sự thỏa mãn

6. Acceleration /əkˌsel.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ - Sự tăng tốc

7. Psychologically /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl.i/ - Về mặt tâm lý

8. Finite /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/ - Hữu hạn

9. Scarce /skeəs/ - Khan hiếm

10. Conventional /kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ - Thông thường

11. Complementary /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/ - Bổ sung

12. Holistic /həʊˈlɪs.tɪk/ - Toàn diện

13. Orgasm /ˈɔː.ɡæz.əm/ - Cực khoái

14. Workaholic /ˌwɜː.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ - Người nghiện công việc

15. Extracurricular /ˌek.strə.kəˈrɪk.jə.lər/ - Ngoại khóa

16. Treadmill /ˈtred.mɪl/ - Guồng quay cuộc sống

17. Elite /ɪˈliːt/ - Tinh hoa, ưu tú

18. Taboo /təˈbuː/ - Điều cấm kỵ

19. Metaphysical /ˌmet.əˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl/ - Siêu hình

20. Rehabilitate /ˌriː.həˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪt/ - Cải tạo, phục hồi

https://voca.ro/1eFXiyNfS5xm

Sound /ɔː/

https://voca.ro/1gtYaXb7achm

Sound /ʊ/

https://voca.ro/14aenFynztED

Sound /uː/

https://voca.ro/15Y2lCpWN6OZ

https://voca.ro/1aBq6ZgzhtFz

Sound /ɜː/

https://voca.ro/1mmWajI31bND

Sound /ə/

https://voca.ro/1feMzehsEfLx

Sound /ɑ:/

https://voca.ro/19cVkQyRybki

Sound /ɪə/

https://voca.ro/1fQWY5zKJOKE

I.VIDEO SUMMARY

Birke Baehr, an 11-year-old, discusses the problems with the industrialized food system and how corporations mislead children through advertising. He explains how genetically modified organisms (GMOs), chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and food irradiation harm both health and the environment. After learning about these issues through research and travel, he decided to become an organic farmer instead of an NFL player. Inspired by farmers like Joel Salatin, he advocates for buying local, organic food and supporting sustainable farming. He encourages people to be mindful of their food choices, arguing that it’s better to invest in healthy food now rather than pay medical bills later. His message is to "think local, choose organic, and know your farmer."

II. NEW VOCABULARIES THAT I LEARNED FROM THE VIDEO

Dưới đây là một số từ vựng ở mức B2 từ bài nói của Birke Baehr, kèm theo phiên âm và từ loại:

1. advertising /ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ/ (n) – quảng cáo

2. corporation /ˌkɔːr.pəˈreɪ.ʃən/ (n) – tập đoàn

3. attracted /əˈtræktɪd/ (adj) – bị thu hút

4. documentary /ˌdɑː.kjəˈmen.t̬ɚ.i/ (n) – phim tài liệu

5. industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.ə.laɪzd/ (adj) – công nghiệp hóa

6. genetically /dʒəˈnet.ɪ.kli/ (adv) – về mặt di truyền

7. engineered /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪrd/ (adj) – được thiết kế, biến đổi

8. laboratory /ˈlæb.rə.tɔːr.i/ (n) – phòng thí nghiệm

9. toxic /ˈtɑːk.sɪk/ (adj) – độc hại

10. conventional /kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ (adj) – thông thường

11. chemical /ˈkem.ɪ.kəl/ (n, adj) – hóa chất, thuộc về hóa chất

12. fertilizer /ˈfɝː.t̬əl.aɪ.zɚ/ (n) – phân bón

13. nutrient /ˈnuː.tri.ənt/ (n) – chất dinh dưỡng

14. pesticide /ˈpes.tə.saɪd/ (n) – thuốc trừ sâu

15. herbicide /ˈhɝː.bɪ.saɪd/ (n) – thuốc diệt cỏ

16. irradiate /ɪˈreɪ.di.eɪt/ (v) – chiếu xạ

17. organic /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk/ (adj) – hữu cơ

18. impact /ˈɪm.pækt/ (n) – tác động

19. sustainable /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ (adj) – bền vững

20. community /kəˈmjuː.nə.t̬i/ (n) – cộng đồng

Richard St. John's "8 Secrets of Success" identifies key factors that lead to success based on interviews with over 500 successful people. He emphasizes the importance of passion—doing what you love, hard work, continuous improvement, and maintaining focus. Success also requires pushing past fears and self-doubt, serving others by creating value, generating innovative ideas, and, most importantly, persistence in the face of challenges. His core message is that success is not about luck but a result of dedication and consistent effort.

In his talk "8 Secrets of Success" , Richard St. John shares eight secrets to success, based on more than 500 interviews with successful people. Key takeaways:

1. Passion – Do what you love, not just for the money.

2. Work (Work hard) – Success requires effort and dedication.

3. Good (Good at your profession) – Practice continuously to become excellent.

4. Focus – Set a goal and focus all your attention on it.

5. Push (Push yourself) – Overcome fear and doubt to move forward.

6. Serve – Create value for others instead of thinking only for yourself.

7. Ideas – Success comes from creativity and innovation.

8. Persist – Do not give up in the face of failure and difficulty.

II. NEW VOCABULARIES THAT I LEARNED FROM THE VIDEO

  1. identify /aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ/ (v) – xác định, nhận diện

  2. emphasize /ˈem.fə.saɪz/ (v) – nhấn mạnh

  3. continuous /kənˈtɪn.ju.əs/ (adj) – liên tục, không ngừng

  4. generate /ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/ (v) – tạo ra, sản sinh

  5. innovative /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/ (adj) – đổi mới, sáng tạo

  6. persistent /pərˈsɪs.tənt/ (adj) – kiên trì, bền bỉ

  7. dedication /ˌded.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ (n) – sự cống hiến

  8. consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ (adj) – kiên định, nhất quán

https://voca.ro/17g2HYOI9IIg

Sound /eə/

https://voca.ro/13DMMU5pvShe

Sound /eɪ/

https://voca.ro/17uODs1ZLEVM

Sound /aɪ/

https://voca.ro/13pkAGScL6dv

Sound /ɔɪ/

https://voca.ro/1kXuJj2IJCnv

https://voca.ro/1cB9apwEhpNQ

Sound /əʊ/

https://voca.ro/1aBSVIhrkyYW

Sound /ɪə/

https://voca.ro/1h8Z6dvRP6rD

Sound /ʊə/

https://voca.ro/1bQpu6g1BQGy

Sound /h/: https://voca.ro/19FawTIrD8ej

• Power vs. Status: Adam Grant explains that success doesn't come from power (controlling others, giving orders) but mainly from status. Status is the feeling of being respected and recognized in society or in your work. People with high status don’t need power to succeed because they already have influence through the respect they earn from others.

• Sense of Belonging: One important factor for success is the feeling of "belonging." When someone feels like they are an important part of a group, they work better, are more creative, and achieve higher results. This sense of belonging helps people connect and work together more effectively.

• Friendly Relationships: Good relationships and open communication help us succeed. If everyone in a group feels they have status and are respected, they will work more enthusiastically, ready to help each other and push the team’s goals forward.

• Addressing Inequality: People with high status can help others achieve success. Giving opportunities and respect to everyone helps reduce inequality and creates a fairer work environment.

2. Vocabulary

• Belonging: the feeling of being part of something, connection.

• Camaraderie: friendship, companionship.

• Hierarchy: a system of ranking or levels.

• A rising tide lifts all boats: the success of a group will lead to the success of all its members

Sound /j/: https://voca.ro/1fyewQibjwPn

Sound /r/:https://voca.ro/1naK9HNGYFb3

Sound /l/:https://voca.ro/1kk5ORcWgdEz

In this TED Talk, Simon Sinek introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which explains how great leaders inspire and influence others. This model consists of three levels:

1. Why – The core purpose, belief, or reason for existence of an organization or individual.

2. How – The process or principles that help achieve the goal.

3. What – The product, service, or action they provide.

Most organizations communicate from the outside in, starting with "What." However, great leaders start with "Why." This approach helps them connect emotionally with people, inspire action, and create a lasting impact.

Sinek provides several examples to illustrate this concept:

-Sinek uses Apple as an example: Instead of saying, "We make great computers", Apple starts with: "We believe in challenging the status quo". This inspires customers to connect emotionally rather than just evaluating a product.

- Martin Luther King Jr. did not call for action with a detailed plan but with a dream of equality, attracting millions of followers.

-The Wright brothers succeeded in inventing the airplane not because of abundant resources but because they had a strong belief in their mission

Sinek connects the Golden Circle model to the limbic brain, which controls emotions and decision-making. This explains why people often make decisions based on emotions first and then justify them with logic.

Additionally, he mentions the Law of Diffusion of Innovation, which states that only when about 15-18% of the population adopts a new idea does the majority follow.

Sinek concludes that inspiration is more powerful than manipulation (such as discounts or promotions). Companies, organizations, and leaders who lead with "Why" build loyalty, strong motivation, and long-term success.

• Vocabulary and phrases that I learned:

1. Manipulation (n.) – Sự thao túng

2. Innovation (n.) – Sự đổi mới

3. Loyalty (n.) – Lòng trung thành

4. Vision (n.) – Tầm nhìn

5.  Golden Circle: Vòng tròn vàng

6.  Start with why: Bắt đầu với "Tại sao"

7.  People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. – Mọi người không mua thứ bạn làm, họ mua lý do bạn làm nó

8.  Law of diffusion of innovation: Quy luật lan tỏa sự đổi mới

9.  Gut decision: Quyết định theo cảm tính

10.  Inspiration is more powerful than manipulation. – Truyền cảm hứng mạnh mẽ hơn thao túng.

11.   Tangible vs. Intangible: Hữu hình vs Vô hình

12.  Early adopters & majority: Những người tiên phong & số đông 

13.   Limbic brain (Não bộ limbic) – Phần não kiểm soát cảm xúc, ra quyết định và hành vi.

14.   Leadership is about inspiring people to follow you. – Lãnh đạo là truyền cảm hứng để người khác đi theo bạn.

15.  Companies that lead with "Why" create a lasting impact. – Những công ty dẫn dắt bằng "Tại sao" tạo ra ảnh hưởng lâu dài.

16. Justify with logic – Biện minh bằng lý trí

17.  Lead with purpose – Lãnh đạo bằng mục đích.

18.  Great leaders inspire action – Những nhà lãnh đạo vĩ đại truyền cảm hứng hành động.

19.  Make a decision based on emotions – Đưa ra quyết định dựa trên cảm xúc.

-SUMMARY : In the TED Talk How Great Leaders Inspire Action, Simon Sinek explains why some leaders and companies can inspire people. He introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which has three levels: Why, How, and What. According to him, successful people always start with "Why"—they know their purpose before figuring out how to do things or what to offer. Sinek gives examples like Apple, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright brothers, who changed the world by focusing on their vision, not just their products or strategies. He also says that people don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. This talk made me realize that to be a great leader, I need to have a clear purpose and inspire others, not just convince them with money or benefits.

-Vocabulary Learned

I learned some nice words and expressions from the listening:

1. Inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ – truyền cảm hứng, thúc đẩy ai đó làm điều gì đó

2. Golden Circle /ˈɡoʊl.dən ˈsɜːr.kəl/ – Mô hình “Vòng tròn vàng” giải thích cách các nhà lãnh đạo truyền cảm hứng

3. Start with Why /stɑːrt wɪð waɪ/ – Bắt đầu với “Lý do tại sao” (nguyên tắc lãnh đạo tập trung vào mục đích trước)

4. Trust /trʌst/ – sự tin tưởng, lòng tin

5. Manipulation /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ – Thao túng (ép buộc hành động)

6. Inspiration /ˌɪn.spəˈreɪ.ʃən/ – Truyền cảm hứng (tạo động lực tự nhiên)

7. Law of Diffusion of Innovation /lɔː əv dɪˈfjuː.ʒən əv ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ – Luật khuếch tán đổi mới (lý thuyết giải thích cách các ý tưởng mới lan rộng)

8. Lead /liːd/ – Lãnh đạo (dẫn dắt bằng tầm nhìn)

9. Manage /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ/ – Quản lý (kiểm soát bằng quy trình)

Summary:

In the TED Talk "How Great Leaders Inspire Action", Simon Sinek explains that great leaders and successful organizations all start with the question "Why" – the reason, belief, and purpose behind everything they do. He introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which consists of three elements: Why – the reason you do what you do, How – the way you do it, and What – the products or services you offer. Sinek emphasizes: "People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it." This means that when you clearly communicate your purpose, you attract those who share the same belief, building loyalty and creating a strong impact. For example, Apple doesn’t just sell technology products; it inspires people with the message "Think Different", encouraging innovation and challenging the status quo. This belief has helped Apple form deep connections with its customers. In short, to inspire action and lead effectively, always start with "Why".

Vocabulary:

• Inspire (/ɪnˈspaɪər/): Truyền cảm hứng

• Leadership (/ˈliːdərʃɪp/): Sự lãnh đạo

• Innovation (/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/): Sự đổi mới

• Motivation (/ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃən/): Động lực

• Communicate (/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/): Giao tiếp

• Decision-making (/dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ/): Quá trình ra quyết định

• Purpose (/ˈpɜːrpəs/): Mục đích

• Influence (/ˈɪnfluəns/): Ảnh hưởng

• Consistency (/kənˈsɪstənsi/): Sự nhất quán

• Loyalty (/ˈlɔɪəlti/): Lòng trung thành

In his TED talk, Simon Sinek introduces the Golden Circle model, which consists of three parts: Why, How, and What. Sinek explains that successful companies and leaders always start with Why — the deeper reason or purpose behind what they do, rather than starting with What (the product or service they offer).

Sinek uses Apple as an example, a company that doesn't just sell products but also communicates a message of creativity and innovation. When leaders start with Why, they not only attract customers but also build a loyal and passionate community. Sinek emphasizes that great leaders are those who can inspire others by sharing Why they do what they do, creating an emotional connection with others.

This talk highlights that leadership is not just about managing, but about inspiring and motivating others through a clear and powerful purpose.

II. New vocabulary learned from the video:

1. Inspire [ɪnˈspaɪər] – Truyền cảm hứng

2. Golden Circle [ˈɡəʊldən ˈsɜːrkl] – Vòng tròn Vàng

3. Vision [ˈvɪʒən] – Tầm nhìn

4. Innovation [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən] – Sự đổi mới

5. Loyalty [ˈlɔɪəlti] – Sự trung thành

6. Connection [kəˈnɛkʃən] – Sự kết nối

7. Community [kəˈmjuːnəti] – Cộng đồng

8. Urgency [ˈɜːdʒənsi] – Sự khẩn cấp, tính cấp bách.

9. Commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] – Cam kết, sự quyết tâm, sự tận tâm.

10. Emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənl] – Thuộc cảm xúc, liên quan đến cảm xúc.

11. Authenticity [ɔːˈθɛntɪsɪti] – Tính xác thực, tính chân thật.

12. Trustworthiness [ˈtrʌstwɜːðɪnəs] – Tính đáng tin cậy.

In his TED talk, Russell Foster explains why sleep is important for us. He says that sleeping helps our brain work better, making it easier to learn and remember stuff. Sleep also keeps our body healthy by supporting our immune system. Foster talks about how not getting enough sleep can cause problems like being overweight, diabetes, stress, and making bad decisions. He also mentions that sleep is connected to mental health, and sleep problems can be a cause or a sign of conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Foster highlights that we should respect our natural sleep patterns and make sure we get enough rest to stay healthy

VOCABULARY

• Sleep cycles (n phr) - /sliːp saɪkəlz/: Chu kỳ giấc ngủ

• Brain function (n phr) - /breɪn ˈfʌŋkʃən/: Chức năng não

• Immune system (n phr) - /ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/: Hệ miễn dịch

• Sleep deprivation (n phr) - /sliːp ˌdɛprɪˈveɪʃən/: Thiếu ngủ

• Mental health (n phr) - /ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ/: Sức khỏe tâm thần

• Schizophrenia (n) - /ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə/: Bệnh tâm thần phân liệt

• Bipolar disorder (n phr) - /baɪˈpoʊlər dɪˈsɔrdər/: Rối loạn lưỡng cực

• Circadian rhythms (n phr) - /sərˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəmz/: Nhịp sinh học

• Obesity (n) - /oʊˈbiːsɪti/: Béo phì

• Diabetes (n) - /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/: Bệnh tiểu đường

• Stress levels (n phr) - /strɛs ˈlɛvəlz/: Mức độ căng thẳng

• Cognitive performance (n phr) - /ˈkɒgnɪtɪv pərˈfɔrməns/: Hiệu suất nhận thức

• Sleep patterns (n phr) - /sliːp ˈpætərnz/: Mẫu giấc ngủ

• Memory consolidation (n phr) - /ˈmɛməri kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃən/: Củng cố trí nhớ

• Decision-making (n phr) - /dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ/: Ra quyết định

Sound /b/: https://voca.ro/19XkLUeKCUoo

Sound /m/: https://voca.ro/1eBBm79XOyjG

Sound /w/: https://voca.ro/15qwmB3PYU9K

Sound /t/: https://voca.ro/1g2hv6s73FpF

1.Key Lessons:

• Sleep is essential for both mental and physical health. Russell Foster emphasizes that sleep is not a luxury, but a necessary part of recovery for the body, mind, and maintaining brain function.

• The sleep cycle affects physiological processes. Sleep not only helps rest but also supports the immune system, metabolism, and cardiovascular functions to work more efficiently.

• Lack of sleep negatively impacts brain function. Sleep deprivation can impair memory, concentration, and information processing. It also increases the risk of conditions like depression, obesity, and cardiovascular problems.

• Not all sleep is the same. Russell Foster points out that sleep is divided into various stages, each playing a vital role in restoring the body and brain.

• Sleep quality can be improved. Establishing healthy sleep habits, such as maintaining a regular schedule, minimizing light at night, and avoiding electronics before bed, can enhance sleep quality.

2. Vocabulary

• Circadian rhythm: The natural process in the body that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.

• REM sleep: A deep stage of sleep where the body rests, but the brain remains highly active, crucial for learning and memory.

• Sleep deprivation: A condition where one does not get enough sleep, leading to various health issues.

• Melatonin: A hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles in the body.

• Neuroplasticity: The brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life, especially during sleep.

• Cognitive function: Brain processes such as learning, memory, and decision-making.

• Insomnia: A common sleep disorder that makes it difficult for people to fall or stay asleep.

• Restorative sleep: Sleep that helps the body and brain recover and recharge energy.

In this TED Talk, Simon Sinek introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which explains how great leaders inspire and influence others. This model consists of three levels:

1. Why – The core purpose, belief, or reason for existence of an organization or individual.

2. How – The process or principles that help achieve the goal.

3. What – The product, service, or action they provide.

Most organizations communicate from the outside in, starting with "What." However, great leaders start with "Why." This approach helps them connect emotionally with people, inspire action, and create a lasting impact.

Sinek provides several examples to illustrate this concept:

- Sinek uses Apple as an example: Instead of saying, "We make great computers", Apple starts with: "We believe in challenging the status quo". This inspires customers to connect emotionally rather than just evaluating a product.

- Martin Luther King Jr. did not call for action with a detailed plan but with a dream of equality, attracting millions of followers.

- The Wright brothers succeeded in inventing the airplane not because of abundant resources but because they had a strong belief in their mission

Sinek connects the Golden Circle model to the limbic brain, which controls emotions and decision-making. This explains why people often make decisions based on emotions first and then justify them with logic.

Additionally, he mentions the Law of Diffusion of Innovation, which states that only when about 15-18% of the population adopts a new idea does the majority follow.

Sinek concludes that inspiration is more powerful than manipulation (such as discounts or promotions). Companies, organizations, and leaders who lead with "Why" build loyalty, strong motivation, and long-term success.

Vocabulary and phrases that I learned:

1. Manipulation (n.) – Sự thao túng

2. Innovation (n.) – Sự đổi mới

3. Loyalty (n.) – Lòng trung thành

4. Vision (n.) – Tầm nhìn

5.  Golden Circle: Vòng tròn vàng

6.  Start with why: Bắt đầu với "Tại sao"

7.  People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. – Mọi người không mua thứ bạn làm, họ mua lý do bạn làm nó

8.  Law of diffusion of innovation: Quy luật lan tỏa sự đổi mới

9.  Gut decision: Quyết định theo cảm tính

10.  Inspiration is more powerful than manipulation. – Truyền cảm hứng mạnh mẽ hơn thao túng.

11.   Tangible vs. Intangible: Hữu hình vs Vô hình

12.  Early adopters & majority: Những người tiên phong & số đông 

13.   Limbic brain (Não bộ limbic) – Phần não kiểm soát cảm xúc, ra quyết định và hành vi.

14.   Leadership is about inspiring people to follow you. – Lãnh đạo là truyền cảm hứng để người khác đi theo bạn.

15.   Lead with purpose – Lãnh đạo bằng mục đích.

16.  Great leaders inspire action – Những nhà lãnh đạo vĩ đại truyền cảm hứng hành động.

17.  Make a decision based on emotions – Đưa ra quyết định dựa trên cảm xúc.

18.   Create a strong connection with people – Tạo sự kết nối mạnh mẽ với con người.

19. Justify with logic – Biện minh bằng lý trí

In this TED Talk, Simon Sinek introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which explains how great leaders inspire and influence others. This model consists of three levels:

1. Why – The core purpose, belief, or reason for existence of an organization or individual.

2. How – The process or principles that help achieve the goal.

3. What – The product, service, or action they provide.

Most organizations communicate from the outside in, starting with "What." However, great leaders start with "Why." This approach helps them connect emotionally with people, inspire action, and create a lasting impact.

Sinek provides several examples to illustrate this concept:

- Sinek uses Apple as an example: Instead of saying, "We make great computers", Apple starts with: "We believe in challenging the status quo". This inspires customers to connect emotionally rather than just evaluating a product.

-   Martin Luther King Jr. did not call for action with a detailed plan but with a dream of equality, attracting millions of followers.

- The Wright brothers succeeded in inventing the airplane not because of abundant resources but because they had a strong belief in their mission

Sinek connects the Golden Circle model to the limbic brain, which controls emotions and decision-making. This explains why people often make decisions based on emotions first and then justify them with logic.

Additionally, he mentions the Law of Diffusion of Innovation, which states that only when about 15-18% of the population adopts a new idea does the majority follow.

Sinek concludes that inspiration is more powerful than manipulation (such as discounts or promotions). Companies, organizations, and leaders who lead with "Why" build loyalty, strong motivation, and long-term success.

Vocabulary and phrases that I learned:

1. Manipulation (n.) – Sự thao túng

2. Innovation (n.) – Sự đổi mới

3. Loyalty (n.) – Lòng trung thành

4. Vision (n.) – Tầm nhìn

5.  Golden Circle: Vòng tròn vàng

6.  Start with why: Bắt đầu với "Tại sao"

7.  People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. – Mọi người không mua thứ bạn làm, họ mua lý do bạn làm nó

8.  Law of diffusion of innovation: Quy luật lan tỏa sự đổi mới

9.  Gut decision: Quyết định theo cảm tính

10.  Inspiration is more powerful than manipulation. – Truyền cảm hứng mạnh mẽ hơn thao túng.

11.   Tangible vs. Intangible: Hữu hình vs Vô hình

12.  Early adopters & majority: Những người tiên phong & số đông 

13.   Limbic brain (Não bộ limbic) – Phần não kiểm soát cảm xúc, ra quyết định và hành vi.

14.   Leadership is about inspiring people to follow you. – Lãnh đạo là truyền cảm hứng để người khác đi theo bạn.

15.  Great leaders inspire action – Những nhà lãnh đạo vĩ đại truyền cảm hứng hành động.

16.  Make a decision based on emotions – Đưa ra quyết định dựa trên cảm xúc.

17.   Create a strong connection with people – Tạo sự kết nối mạnh mẽ với con người.

18.  Lead with purpose – Lãnh đạo bằng mục đích.

19. Justify with logic – Biện minh bằng lý trí

Grant also emphasizes that status is more sustainable than power because it is rooted in positive social relationships rather than authority. He warns that individuals who aggressively seek power often lose support over time, while those who contribute to their communities naturally build a lasting reputation. Furthermore, he highlights how humility, collaboration, and authenticity can help individuals maintain their influence. True leadership, he concludes, is about inspiring and earning respect, not simply commanding others.

Vocabulary & Idioms:

1. Hierarchy (n) – Hệ thống cấp bậc

2. Domination (n) – Sự thống trị, kiểm soát

3. Admiration (n) – Sự ngưỡng mộ

4. To maintain one’s reputation (v) – Giữ vững danh tiếng

5. Manipulative (adj) – Có tính thao túng

6. Charismatic (adj) – Có sức hút, lôi cuốn

7.Altruism (n) – Lòng vị tha

8 Influential (adj) – Có tầm ảnh hưởng

9. Credibility (n) – Sự tín nhiệm

10. To command respect (v) – Khiến người khác kính trọng

11. To rise through the ranks (idiom) – Thăng tiến từ vị trí thấp lên cao

12. To win hearts and minds (idiom) – Chiếm được lòng tin và sự ủng hộ của người khác

113. To build bridges (idiom) – Xây dựng mối quan hệ

14. Assertiveness (n) – Sự quyết đoán

15. Respectability (n) – Sự đáng kính trọng

17. Ethical (adj) – Đạo đức, có nguyên tắc

Neuroscientist Russell Foster explains that sleep is very important for the brain, emotions, and health. He says that the idea of successful people sleeping less is not true. Instead, good sleep helps people think better, remember things, and solve problems.

Foster warns that not sleeping enough can make people sick, lose focus, and feel sad or stressed. He talks about the body clock (circadian rhythm), which controls sleep, and says that using phones too much or sleeping at different times can be bad.

He believes that people should not be proud of working late but should see sleep as a key part of success. He asks people to sleep enough because it helps them think clearly, work better, and stay happy. In the end, Foster says that good sleep leads to better choices and a better life.

Vocabulary & Idioms:

1. To suffer from sleep debt (v) – Bị thiếu ngủ kéo dài

2. Sleep deprivation (n) – Sự thiếu ngủ

3. Cognitive function (n) – Chức năng nhận thức

4. Circadian rhythm (n) – Nhịp sinh học

5. To impair judgment (v) – Làm suy giảm khả năng phán đoán

6. Emotional resilience (n) – Sự kiên cường về mặt cảm xúc

7. Mental clarity (n) – Sự minh mẫn

8. Productivity (n) – Năng suất làm việc

9. Fatigue (n) – Sự mệt mỏi

10. Insomnia (n) – Chứng mất ngủ

11. To burn the midnight oil (idiom) – Thức khuya làm việc hoặc học tập

12. To run on fumes (idiom) – Hoạt động trong tình trạng kiệt sức

13. To recharge one’s batteries (idiom) – Nạp lại năng lượng

14. To toss and turn (idiom) – Trằn trọc, không ngủ được

15. To hit the hay (idiom) – Đi ngủ

16. Well-being (n) – Sự khỏe mạnh, hạnh phúc

Simon Sinek's TED Talk: "How Great Leaders Inspire Action" explains the "Golden Circle" concept, it highlights the importance of starting with "Why" (purpose) before addressing "How" (process) and "What" (result). He uses examples like Apple and Martin Luther King Jr. to show how great leaders communicate their vision and inspire action by focusing on their core beliefs. Sinek also discusses the "Law of Diffusion of Innovation" to explain how early adopters help new ideas succeed. He argues that inspiring leaders build trust and loyalty by being authentic and having a clear purpose, instead of using manipulative tactics.

New vocabularies:

• Ideology /ˌaɪdiˈɑlədʒi/ - Hệ tư tưởng

• Resonate /ˈrɛzəˌneɪt/ - Cộng hưởng

• Symbiotic /ˌsɪmbaɪˈɒtɪk/ - Cộng sinh

• Exemplify /ɪɡˈzɛmˌplɪfaɪ/ - Minh họa

• Constituency /kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/ - Cử tri

• Intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk/ - Bản chất, bên trong

• Empirical /ɛmˈpɪrɪkəl/ - Dựa trên kinh nghiệm

• Ephemeral /ɪˈfɛmərəl/ - Ngắn ngủi, phù du

• Proliferate /prəˈlɪfəˌreɪt/ - Sinh sôi nảy nở

• Disseminate /dɪˈsɛməˌneɪt/ - Phổ biến, truyền bá

• Diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ - Sự lan tỏa, khuếch tán

Some impressive phrases:

• "People don't buy what you do; they buy why you do it." (Mọi người không mua thứ bạn làm; họ mua lý do tại sao bạn làm điều đó.)– This phrase emphasizes the importance of purpose and belief behind actions.

• "Start with why." (Bắt đầu với câu hỏi tại sao.)– This phrase encourages leaders to focus on their purpose and beliefs to inspire others.

• "The Golden Circle." (Vòng tròn vàng.)– This concept represents the idea of starting with "Why" before moving to "How" and "What."

• "The Law of Diffusion of Innovation." (Quy luật lan tỏa của sự đổi mới.)– This principle explains how new ideas and innovations spread through different stages of adoption.

He gave several examples. First, with Apple, Sinek shows that they begin with their purpose. Therefore, they challenge the usual way of doing things and think differently. This makes people feel inspired.

In contrast, Samuel Pierpont Langley failed because he was motivated by fame and wealth. The Wright brothers, with no money or education, succeeded because they had a strong belief that their invention could change the world.

True leaders inspire action by sharing their beliefs and attracting those who believe the same.

Vocabulary & Phrases

1. Civil Rights Movement: Phong trào dân quyền

2. Differentiated Value Proposition: Giá trị khác biệt

3. Proprietary Process: Quy trình độc quyền

4. From the inside out: Từ bên trong ra ngoài

5. Status Quo: Hiện trạng, tình trạng hiện tại

6. Tenets of Biology: Nguyên lý sinh học

7. Gut Decisions: Quyết định theo cảm tính

8. Recipe for Success: Công thức thành công

9. Shared Cause: Mục đích chung

10. Shared Beliefs: Niềm tin chung

He highlights how slowing down improves areas like food, parenting, and creativity, leading to greater happiness and productivity. Instead of seeing slowness as laziness, he suggests that it enhances focus, mental clarity, and fulfillment.

Honoré emphasizes that while speed has its place, finding balance is key to a richer, more meaningful life. He encourages people to rethink their priorities, embrace a slower pace when needed, and reconnect with activities that bring joy and purpose.

VOCABULARY and IDIOMS

1. Efficiency (n) – Hiệu suất, năng suất

2. Mindfulness (n) – sự tập trung vào hiện tại

3. To cherish simplicity (v) – Trân trọng sự giản dị

4. Quality over quantity (phrase) – Chất lượng quan trọng hơn số lượng

5. Haste (n) – Sự vội vàng, hấp tấp

6. Pace of life (n) – Nhịp sống 

7. To resist the urge (v) – Cưỡng lại sự thôi thúc, mong muốn

8. Work-life balance (n) – Cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống

9. To slow down (v) – Làm chậm lại, giảm tốc độ

10. To embrace slowness (v) – Chấp nhận, tận hưởng sự chậm rãi

11. To be caught up in the rat race (idiom) – Bị cuốn vào guồng quay cuộc sống bận rộn

12. To savor the moment (idiom) – Tận hưởng khoảnh khắc

13. To take a step back (idiom) – Dừng lại để suy nghĩ thấu đáo hơn

the video talks about how great leaders (example: Apple company, Martin Luther, the Bright brother...)inspire other people, and why they have powerful affect on public. Simon Sinek made a discovery that all the great leader all over the world have the same way in acting, communication and thinking. He called it the golden circle including why, how, what. It explained why some organizations and some leaders are able to inspire where others aren't. All they know what they do, but very few people know why they do what they do. The great leaders understand profoundly how to marketing their products effectively and attract potential customers

. He gave example of apple- their clients buy why they do something not what they do it.

VOCABULARIES/PHRASES/IDIOMS

-innovative(adj) sáng tạo

-movement(n) phong trào

-pre-civil(n) thời kì tiền văn minh

-orator(n) nhà hùng biện

-figure out(phr.v): nghĩ ra

-qualified(adj) đạt tiêu chuẩn

-cotify(v) mã hóa

-make a discovery(collocation0: khám phá ra

-profoundly(adv) 1 cách sâu sắc

-pattern(n) dạng

-Make a profit( collocation): tạo ra lợi nhuận

-Regardless(adv) bất kể

-interpersonally(adv) giữa các cá nhân

-well- designed(adj) thiết kế đẹp

-cross-section(n) mặt cắt ngang

-break into (ph.v): chia ra

-correlate with(phr.v) tương quan với

-correspond with(phr.v) tương ứng với

-rationalize(v) hợp lí hóa

-muster up(phr.v) tập hợp lại

• Blood, sweat and tears (idiom) máu, mồ hôi và nước mắt

-terminology(n) thuật ngữ

-innovator(n) người tiên phong

-touchstone phone(n) điện thoại cảm ứng

-rotary phone(n) điện thoại số

-critical thought(n) suy nghĩ phản biẻn

-mass-market(n) thị trường đại trà

-Consumer Behavior (n)Hành vi người tiêu dùng

-eocortex ( noun phrase) Vỏ não (phần não chịu trách nhiệm suy nghĩ logic)

-Limbic System (noun phrase) Hệ viền (phần não điều khiển cảm xúc và quyết định)

-Emotional Connection ( noun phrase) Kết nối cảm xúc

• Carl Honoré, a Canadian journalist and author, he argues that the rush and fixation on efficiency have led to a stressful, disconnected, and lower-quality life.

• He introduces the concept of the "Slow Movement," a philosophy that encourages us to slow down in all aspects of life, from work and eating to parenting. He emphasizes that slowing down doesn't mean doing everything sluggishly, but rather doing things at the right pace, savoring each moment, and connecting more deeply with ourselves and the world around us.

• He provides various examples of how to apply the Slow Movement in daily life, such as eating slowly, multitasking less, spending time with family and friends, and simply enjoying quiet moments.

Vocabulary List:

Haste: Excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.

Efficiency: The state or quality of being efficient.

Multitasking: The ability to do several things at the same time.

Work-life balance: The division of one's time and focus between working and family or leisure activities.

Consumerism: The preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods.

Many benefits from him in video:

Reduces stress and anxiety.

Enhances physical and mental health.

Improves the quality of relationships.

Increases productivity and creativity.

Enables a fuller enjoyment of life.

Sound /k/: https://voca.ro/13MP2gowYiXu

Sound /g/: https://voca.ro/1klYCPXRzz5w

Sound /f/: https://voca.ro/1nqd9QOzakGb

Sound /v/: https://voca.ro/14O9c1ThKq3J

He emphasizes the need to show competence and care to gain status. Techniques like asking for advice and advocating for others can help. Status is not a zero-sum game; adding value through competence and care can improve group dynamics.

Vocabulary learned:

1. Alliance (n): liên minh

2. Immunity (n): miễn dịch

3. Blindside (v): bất ngờ loại bỏ

4. Contender (n): ứng viên

5. Jury (n): ban giám khảo

6. Status (n): địa vị

7. Fundamental (adj): cơ bản

8. Power (n): quyền lực

9. Authority (n): uy quyền

10. Correlated (adj): tương quan

11. Diverge (v): phân ra

12. Mistreated (adj/v): đối xử tệ

13. Assert (v): khẳng định

14. Demeaning (adj): làm nhục

15. Subordinates (n): cấp dưới

16. Grunt work (n): công việc chân tay

17. Converged (v): hội tụ

18. Envious (adj): đồ ky

19. Undermined (v): làm suy yếu

20. Pitch (v): đề xuất

21. Pet peeves (n): điều khó chịu

22. Undermine (v): làm suy yếu

23. Backlash (n): phản ứng dữ dội

24. Assertiveness (n): sự quyết đoán

25. Core values (n): giá trị cốt lõi

26. Context-bound (adj): ràng buộc theo ngữ cảnh

27. Zero-sum game (n): trò chơi tổng bằng không (Người này có lợi nhưng người còn lại chịu bất lợi)

28. Jockey for position (phr): tranh giành vị trí

29. Advocating (v): ủng hộ

Russell Foster talks about sleep and analyzes our sleep patterns. If you are an average person, you spend about 36% of your time sleeping, which is around 32 years if you live to 90. However, we often do not pay attention to the importance of sleep. When you sleep, your body saves about 110 calories per day. Nerve cells connect and link together, helping us stay alert and more creative. However, most people today are so busy with work that they reduce their sleep time. It has decreased from 9 hours to 8 hours, then to 5 hours, and many people even disrupt their biological clock. This is truly dangerous for our health. Lack of sleep leads to exhaustion, fatigue, and many serious accidents. Many people turn to stimulants to stay awake, such as drinking coffee. Meanwhile, those who struggle to sleep use alcohol to help them fall asleep, but this also negatively affects sleep quality. One crucial issue is the relationship between sleep and mental illness. A study has shown that disrupted sleep can worsen mental health conditions. Therefore, having a good night's sleep is essential, as it helps us regain energy, focus better, and, to some extent, protect us from dangerous diseases.

Vocabulary

1. demonstrate (v) - chứng minh, thể hiện

2. enhance (v) - nâng cao

3. inevitable (adj) - không thể tránh khỏi

4. justification (n) - sự biện minh

5. precede (v) - đi trước

6. restrain (v) - kiềm chế

7. advocate (v, n) - ủng hộ, người ủng hộ

8. coherent (adj) - mạch lạc

9. diminish (v) - giảm bớt

10. eradicate (v) - xóa bỏ

11. fluctuate (v) - dao động

12. impeccable (adj) - hoàn hảo, không chê vào đâu được

13. meticulous (adj) - tỉ mỉ, kỹ lưỡng

14. predominant (adj) - chiếm ưu thế

15. scrutinize (v) - xem xét kỹ lưỡng

16. subsequent (adj) - tiếp theo

17. Your brain is craving things to wake it up- Bộ não của bạn đang khao khát thứ gì đó để đánh thức nó

18. A threefold advantage - Lợi ích gấp ba lần

19. Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber." – William Shakespeare (Julius Caesar).

20. "Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together." – Thomas Dekker.

21. "Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days." – Thomas Edison.

22. "Sleep is for wimps." – Margaret Thatcher (được cho là đã nói).

23. "Money never sleeps." – Nhân vật Gordon Gekko trong phim Wall Street

Sound /z/: https://voca.ro/15ZWwjE80dfU

Sound /ʃ/: https://voca.ro/1aaGNwBg34np

Sound /ʒ/: https://voca.ro/1jQZB94wqoS5

Sound /tʃ/: https://voca.ro/1NQeFa8bp1jF

Sound /ɪə/ https://voca.ro/1k4suFHRbgqL

Sound /əʊ/ https://voca.ro/1aaxOdpBK1sU

Sound /aʊ/ https://voca.ro/1o5qRmtlwvme

Sound /ɔɪ/ https://voca.ro/1fwsLZFlUT1a

1. Carl Honoré, a Canadian journalist and author, he argues that the rush and fixation on efficiency have led to a stressful, disconnected, and lower-quality life.

2. He introduces the concept of the "Slow Movement," a philosophy that encourages us to slow down in all aspects of life, from work and eating to parenting. He emphasizes that slowing down doesn't mean doing everything sluggishly, but rather doing things at the right pace, savoring each moment, and connecting more deeply with ourselves and the world around us.

3. He provides various examples of how to apply the Slow Movement in daily life, such as eating slowly, multitasking less, spending time with family and friends, and simply enjoying quiet moments.

Vocabulary List:

• Haste: Excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.

• Efficiency: The state or quality of being efficient.

• Multitasking: The ability to do several things at the same time.

• Work-life balance: The division of one's time and focus between working and family or leisure activities.

• Consumerism: The preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods.

• Sustainability: The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Benefits from him:

• Reduces stress and anxiety.

• Enhances physical and mental health.

• Improves the quality of relationships.

• Increases productivity and creativity.

• Enables a fuller enjoyment of life.

Tips:

1. Make your bedroom dark and cool.

2. Reduce light exposure at least half an hour before bed.

3. Avoid bright lights before bed.

4. Turn off electronic devices before bed.

5. Avoid caffeine late in the day.

6. Get morning light to set your biological clock.

7. Wind down before bed.

Some myths:

• Teenagers are not lazy, they need to sleep later.

• Not everyone needs exactly eight hours of sleep.

• Older people do not need less sleep; their sleep may be more fragmented.

• "Early to bed, early to rise" does not guarantee better health or wealth.

Vocabulary learned:

1. Biological clock (n): đồng hồ sinh học

2. Metabolic pathways (n): con đường trao đổi chất

3. Memory consolidation (n): củng cố trí nhớ

4. Sleep-deprived (adj): thiếu ngủ

5. Jet lag (n): lệch múi giờ

6. Impulsiveness (n): tính bốc đồng

7. Stimulants (n): chất kích thích

8. Early intervention (n): can thiệp sớm

9. Therapeutic target (n): mục tiêu trị liệu

Adam Grant's TED Talk "The Secret to Success Isn't Power, It's Status" highlights that status—earned through respect, admiration, and trust—is key to success. Unlike power, status is built through positive contributions and strong relationships, leading to greater influence and a collaborative work environment. He offers practical strategies for gaining status, emphasizing the value of respect and admiration in achieving lasting success.

There are the concepts:

1. Status vs. Power

• Status: Status is derived from being respected, admired, and trusted by others. It is built through positive interactions, contributions, and demonstrating care for others. Unlike power, status cannot be forcibly taken; it must be earned and maintained through consistent behavior.

• Power: Power involves having control or authority over others. While power can be useful in certain situations, it can also lead to resistance, resentment, and conflict if misused. Grant argues that power is less effective than status in creating long-term success and influence.

2. Earning Status

• Contributions: Making valuable contributions to your team or organization is a key way to earn status. This includes sharing knowledge, offering support, and helping others achieve their goals.

• Trust and Reliability: Building trust with others by being dependable and consistent in your actions. People are more likely to respect and admire those who they can rely on.

• Positive Interactions: Engaging in positive and constructive interactions with others. Being approachable, empathetic, and genuinely interested in others' well-being can help build strong relationships and earn status.

2. Influence and Impact

• Leadership: Leaders who are respected and admired are more likely to inspire and motivate their teams. This leads to greater collaboration, innovation, and overall success.

• Collaboration: Status encourages a collaborative environment where people feel valued and appreciated. This fosters teamwork and a sense of community, leading to better outcomes for everyone involved.

• Long-Term Success: Focusing on earning status rather than seeking power creates a sustainable path to success. People who are respected and admired are more likely to have lasting influence and positive impact.

3.Strategies for Gaining Status

• Demonstrating Competence: Showcasing your skills and expertise through your work. Delivering high-quality results and consistently performing well can earn you respect and admiration.

• Being Reliable: Keeping your promises, meeting deadlines, and being consistent in your actions. Reliability builds trust, which is essential for earning status.

• Showing Genuine Interest: Taking the time to understand and support others. Showing empathy and genuine interest in others' well-being can help build strong, positive relationships.

4.Guest Contributions

• Parvati Shallow: Shares her experiences from the reality show Survivor, highlighting how social skills and relationship-building played a crucial role in her success.

• Alison Fragale: Discusses her research on power and status in organizations, providing insights into how status can be more effective than power in achieving success.

• Chynna Clayton: Talks about her time as a special assistant to Michelle Obama, emphasizing the importance of trust, reliability, and positive interactions in building status.

New vocabularies:

• Prestige /preˈstēZH/: Uy tín

• Reciprocity /ˌresəˈpräsədē/: Sự đối ứng

• Affiliation /əˌfilēˈāSH(ə)n/: Sự liên kết

• Charisma /kəˈrizmə/: Sức hút

• Acumen /ˈakyəmən/: Sự nhạy bén

• Ethos /ˈēTHäs/: Đạo đức

• Social Capital /ˈsōSHəl ˈkapədl/: Vốn xã hội

• Synergy /ˈsinərjē/: Sức mạnh cộng hưởng

• Integrity /inˈteɡrədē/: Sự chính trực

• Proficiency /prəˈfiSHənsē/: Sự thành thạo

• Resilience /rəˈzilyəns/: Khả năng phục hồi

Sound /h/: https://voca.ro/1iGsytkOH9z3

Sound /ŋ/: https://voca.ro/13kmugD8CnlZ

Sound /j/: https://voca.ro/1e6fvM3A7Dn2

Sound /r/: https://voca.ro/1mBgHt7Fpl9A

https://voca.ro/14j1f12ZcGiS Sound /eɪ/

https://voca.ro/1eQ5eN2iisek Sound /eə/

https://voca.ro/1eH4jRryd5lN Sound /ʊə/

https://voca.ro/1ls4yc4f9DT8 Sound /ɪə/

https://voca.ro/1ouhJfJv2UNi

Sound /b/:

https://voca.ro/1mSCOc6a6Twq

Sound /m/:

https://voca.ro/122CQ7u46X65

Sound /w/:

https://voca.ro/1gnJgLoWqoZr

Sound /t/:

https://voca.ro/12tGYsVu6AAD

Vocabulary learned:

1. Irony (n) - Sự mỉa mai, nghịch lý.

2. Obsessed with (adj) - Bị ám ảnh bởi.

3. Headlong dash (n) - Cuộc chạy vội vàng.

4. Roadrunner culture (n) - Văn hóa sống nhanh, gấp gáp.

5. Gladiatorial battle of wills (phrase) - Cuộc chiến đấu giữa ý chí.

6. Sound byte (n) - Đoạn trích âm thanh ngắn.

7. Road kill (n) - Xác động vật chết trên đường (nghĩa bóng: những người bị cuốn vào văn hóa sống nhanh và bị hủy hoại).

8. Cauldron (n) - Nồi lớn (nghĩa bóng: nơi sôi sục của các hoạt động và sự kiện).

9. Full-throttle treadmill (phrase) - Guồng quay toàn tốc độ (nghĩa bóng: cuộc sống hối hả).

10. Extracurriculars (n) - Hoạt động ngoại khóa.

11. Hothouse (v) - Ép buộc (trẻ em) học tập căng thẳng.

12. Put on the brakes (phrase) - Giảm tốc độ, chậm lại.

13. Savor (v) - Thưởng thức.

14. Cultural taboo (phrase) - Điều cấm kỵ văn hóa.

15. Uplifting (adj) - Mang lại cảm giác vui vẻ, lạc quan.

16. Gusto (n) - Sự nhiệt tình, hăng hái.

17. Shifting gears (phrase) - Thay đổi cách làm việc, thay đổi tốc độ.

18. Inner tortoise (phrase) - Bản tính chậm rãi (dựa trên truyện ngụ ngôn Rùa và Thỏ).

19. Gratuitously (adv) - Một cách không cần thiết, không có lý do.

20. Time's winged chariot (phrase) - Hình ảnh thời gian trôi nhanh (lấy từ bài thơ của Andrew Marvell).

21. Litmus test (n) - Phép thử quan trọng để đánh giá.

Sound/ i:/ https://voca.ro/1nFGL1eTzdkW

Sound /I/: https://voca.ro/19zMmXhrhg7Q

Sound /e/: https://voca.ro/1iIwjYGcbPYI

Sound /æ/ : https://voca.ro/18ZStO7DIkP1

https://voca.ro/1980mOaN6wAm

https://voca.ro/1bs11MvX8S4D

Sound /b/:

https://voca.ro/14iEQ44xBZIU

Sound /m/:

https://voca.ro/1lJiAbXdzw9B

Sound /w/:

https://voca.ro/1MB2wFbJK4kQ

Sound /t/:

https://voca.ro/1mW37tOCXbiB

Simon Sinek introduces a simple yet powerful model called the "Golden Circle" to explain why some organizations and individuals can inspire others while others cannot. This model consists of three levels:

1.Why – The reason for existence, the core purpose of an organization or individual.

2.How – The methods or processes used to realize that purpose.

3.What – The products, services, or tangible outputs an organization provides.

Sinek argues that most companies and individuals start with "What" and then move to "How," but truly inspiring leaders start with "Why". They focus on their core purpose first, then determine how to achieve it, and finally deliver specific products or services.

He illustrates this idea with notable examples:

- Apple – Apple does not just sell computers; they start with the belief of "challenging the status quo" and "thinking differently." This "Why-first" mindset has built a loyal community.

- Martin Luther King Jr. – He did not give just another speech; he shared a powerful belief: "I have a dream," which attracted millions who resonated with his vision.

- The Wright brothers – Despite having fewer resources than their competitors, they succeeded in inventing the airplane because of their strong belief in their mission.

Additionally, Sinek emphasizes the role of the brain in decision-making. He explains that the limbic brain, which controls emotions, responds strongly to "Why," whereas the rational part of the brain processes "What." This explains why people often make "gut decisions" based on feelings rather than pure logic.

In closing, Sinek asserts that great leaders inspire not because they hold power, but because they have a strong belief and communicate it clearly. People follow them not just because of their products or services but because they share the same core values.

II. New vocabulary i learned from the video

1. Golden Circle – Vòng tròn vàng (mô hình gồm Why, How, What).

2. To inspire action – Truyền cảm hứng hành động.

3. To start with why – Bắt đầu với lý do cốt lõi.

4. Limbic brain – Hệ viền não (phần não xử lý cảm xúc và ra quyết định).

5. To defy the status quo – Thách thức hiện trạng.

6. To resonate with – Cộng hưởng với (tạo sự kết nối mạnh mẽ với ai đó).

7. Gut decision – Quyết định theo trực giác.

8. To hold a belief – Giữ vững niềm tin.

9. To challenge assumptions – Thách thức các giả định.

To lead by example – Lãnh đạo bằng cách làm gương

sound /b/: https://voca.ro/12QPrv9RJ6eo

sound /m/:https://voca.ro/1fwEJDp3F4zc

Sound /θ/: https://voca.ro/1eKWQ3qFKgjg

Sound /ð/: https://voca.ro/13iO2m0giTeX

Sound /ʍ/: https://voca.ro/19awu9cwUitJ

Sound /i:/: https://voca.ro/1atXajJcqUeL

Vocabulary learned

• Industrialized food system: Hệ thống thực phẩm công nghiệp

• Pesticides and herbicides: Thuốc trừ sâu và thuốc diệt cỏ

• Farmers' markets: Chợ nông sản

• Make a difference: Tạo ra sự khác biệt

• Genetically modified seeds: Hạt giống biến đổi gen

"The Secret to Success Isn’t Power, It’s Status" – Adam Grant

Adam Grant argues that status—the respect and admiration of colleagues—is more important than power. Without status, power alone is not enough to create lasting influence.

1. Status Determines Success

Parvati Shallow (Survivor) observed that people focused solely on control tend to be eliminated early, while those who build strong relationships go further.

Chynna Clayton (former assistant to Michelle Obama) emphasized that even without formal power, she had significant influence through trustworthiness and dedication.

2. How to Build Status

Demonstrate competence & care: Be skilled and genuinely help others.

Maintain authenticity: Be honest and sincere to build trust.

Contribute to company culture: Bring new ideas instead of just fitting in.

Build a strong network: Having allies strengthens your recognition.

II. New vocabulary

1. Status – /ˈsteɪtəs/ - Địa vị

2. Power – /ˈpaʊ.ɚ/ – Quyền lực

3. Authenticity – /ˌɑː.θenˈtɪs.ə.t̬i/ – Tính xác thực

4. Trust – /trʌst/ – Sự tin tưởng

5. Support network – /səˈpɔːrt ˈnet.wɝːk/ – Mạng lưới hỗ trợ

6. Cultural contribution – /ˈkʌl.tʃɚ.əl ˌkɑːn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/ – Đóng góp vào văn hóa

7. Credibility – /ˌkred.əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ – Sự tín nhiệm

8. Hierarchy – /ˈhaɪ.rɑːr.ki/ – Hệ thống cấp bậc

9. Persuasion – /pɚˈsweɪ.ʒən/ – Sự thuyết

https://voca.ro/1520NHeCxqhw

sound /b/

The TED Talk by Adam Grant, "The secret to success isn't power, it's status," explores the difference between power and status, and how they impact success. Power is the ability to control resources and people. It's often associated with hierarchy and formal authority. Status, on the other hand, is about respect and admiration. It's earned through contributions, expertise, and helping others.Grant argues that while power can be a tool, it's status that truly drives success. People with status are more influential, collaborative, and innovative. They inspire trust and loyalty, which leads to better outcomes for themselves and their teams. Power vs. Status: Power is about control, status is about respect. Status is earned, power can be given: Status is built through contributions and relationships, while power can be granted through a position or title. Status fosters collaboration: People with status are more likely to share ideas and work together effectively. Status drives innovation: When people feel respected and valued, they're more likely to take risks and be creative. Status is a better predictor of success: Studies show that teams with high-status members outperform those with high-power members. How to build status: Focus on helping others: Be generous with your time, knowledge, and resources. Develop expertise: Become a go-to person in your field. Build strong relationships: Connect with people on a personal level and show genuine interest in their well-being. * Communicate effectively: Share your ideas clearly and confidently. Grant's talk provides a compelling argument for shifting our focus from power to status. By prioritizing respect and collaboration, we can create more successful and fulfilling workplaces.

Alliance (n) khối liên minh

Puzzle(n) câu đố , trò chơi

Devastated(adj) bị tàn phá

Tribal(adj) thuộc về bộ lạc

Unhook(v) mở khuy

Solidify (v) làm cho vững chắc, củng cố

Misjudge(v) đánh giá sai

Pick up cues : hiểu điều gì đó không qua lời nói

Leeway(n) sự trôi giạt

Baddas(adj) bá đạo

Explicitly (adv) rõ ràng, dứt khoát

Correlate(v) có tương quan với nhau

Go hand in hand( idiom) đi đôi với nhau

Diverge(v) phân kì

Problematic (adj) khó giải quyết, khoa hiểu

Bad apple spoil the barrel(idiom) con sâu làm rầu nồi canh

Cut red tape: cắt bỏ thủ tục hành chính rườm rà

big and bold(adj) to lớn, dễ gây chú ý

demographics(n) nhân khẩu học

top dog(n) người có thẩm quyền cao nhất

take head to do sth: thận trọng với điều gì đó

follow-up: làm gì đó để cải thiện hành động trước đó

go-to person(n) người đáng tin cậy, người có chuyên môn để giải quyết vấn đề nhanh chóng

undermine(v) phá hoại, hủy hoại sự tự tin của ai đó

assertive(adj) quyết đoán

Make a disclaimer đưa ra một tuyên bố từ chối trách nhiệm hoặc viết một tuyên bố miễn trừ trách nhiệm.

Tentative talk (noun phrase) cuộc nói chuyện mang tính thăm dò, chưa chắc chắn hoặc tạm thời.

Weak language(noun phrase) ngôn ngữ yếu, tức là cách diễn đạt thiếu tự tin, không rõ ràng hoặc không có sức thuyết phục.

verbal tick(n) âm thanh hay lời nói vô thức lặp lại khi nói chuyện

get shot down: bị từ chối, bị phản bác, bị làm mất uy tín

prematurely(adv) một cách quá sớm

genius(n) thiên tài

Happen behind closed doors (idiom)có nghĩa là diễn ra bí mật, không công khai, chỉ xảy ra trong nội bộ.

vividly(adv) một cách sống động

cater for(ph.v) đáp ứng nhu cầu

outrageous(adj) gây sốc, thái quá

cognitive(adj) liên quan tới nhận thức, tư duy

submissive(adj) dễ phục tùng, ngoan ngoãn

Unapologetically(adv) một cách không hối lỗi, không xin lỗi hoặc không cảm thấy có lỗi về điều gì đó.

Prototypicality(n) tính nguyên mẫu, mức độ đại diện của một thứ gì đó so với phiên bản điển hình nhất của nó.

inherent(adj) vốn có, sẵn có

aggressiveness(n) sự hung hăng

earn respect(collocation): giành được sự tôn trọng thông qua hành động hoặc phẩm chất tốt

outwit(v) đánh bai ai đó bằng sự thông minh

own up to: thừa nhận lỗi lầm, sai sót

domain(n) lĩnh vực, phạm vi chuyên môn jockey(v)Cạnh tranh, điều khiển khéo léo để có lợi thế.

In the TED Talk "How Great Leaders Inspire Action", Simon Sinek introduces the Golden Circle model to explain how leaders inspire others. Instead of focusing only on WHAT and how HOW, great leaders start with WHY – their beliefs, motivations, and deeper purpose. He uses Apple and Martin Luther King Jr. as examples of organizations and individuals who inspire by connecting with human emotions. "People don’t buy what you do, they buy why you do it." – People don’t buy the product; they buy the belief behind it.

Vocabulary:

-Golden Circle :Vòng tròn vàng

-Manipulate :Thao túng

-Belief : Niềm tin

-Visionary : Người có tầm nhìn

-Neocortex : Vỏ não mới

-Decision-making : Quyết định

-Charismatic : Lôi cuốn, có sức hút

-Authenticity : Sự chân thực

-Self-awareness : Nhận thức về bản thân

-Guiding principles : Nguyên tắc chỉ đạo

-Go the extra mile: Nỗ lực hơn mong đợi.
→ Nghĩa bóng: Những người lãnh đạo truyền cảm hứng thường làm nhiều hơn mức tối thiểu để tạo sự khác biệt.

The TED talk "The Secret to Success Isn’t Power – It’s Status" by Adam Grant challenges the traditional notion that power is the key to success. Instead, Grant argues that status plays a more crucial role in achieving long-term success and building strong relationships, particularly in the workplace. Throughout the talk, Adam, joined by experts, explains how people who focus on gaining and maintaining status tend to have more sustainable success and healthier, more collaborative work environments. They emphasize that status isn’t about authority or control, but about earning respect and trust. The talk further explores strategies for enhancing one’s status, maintaining respect from peers, and securing promotions, all while highlighting the importance of fostering meaningful, relational connections rather than just climbing the hierarchical ladder.

II. Vocabulary:

1. Status [ˈsteɪtəs] – Địa vị, tình trạng.

2. Sustainable [səˈsteɪnəbl] – Có thể duy trì lâu dài mà không gây hại.

3. Accomplishment [əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənt] – Thành tựu, điều đạt được.

4. Promotion [prəˈməʊʃən] – Sự thăng tiến, nâng cao vị trí.

5. Relational [rɪˈleɪʃənl] – Thuộc về mối quan hệ.

6. Hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑːki] – Hệ thống phân cấp.

7. Respect [rɪˈspekt] – Sự tôn trọng, kính trọng.

In his TED Talk "How Great Leaders Inspire Action," Simon Sinek explains that great leaders don’t just focus on what they do or how they do it, but they start with "Why?" He introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which includes three questions: "Why?", "How?", and "What?". According to Sinek, the most successful organizations understand and communicate their purpose—why they exist. By starting with "Why?", they inspire others and build strong connections. For example, Apple doesn’t just sell products, but shares a vision of innovation and changing the world. When organizations begin with "Why?", they motivate and lead others by tapping into deeper beliefs and purpose.

II. Vocabulary:

1. Inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ - Truyền cảm hứng

2. Values /ˈvæljuːz/ - Giá trị

3. Innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ - Sự đổi mới

4. Culture /ˈkʌltʃər/ - Văn hóa

5. Vision /ˈvɪʒən/ - Tầm nhìn

6. Motivate /ˈmoʊtɪveɪt/ - Thúc đẩy

7. Connect /kəˈnɛkt/ - Kết nối

8. Organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ - Tổ chức

9. Strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ - Chiến lược

10. Achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ - Đạt được

Russell Foster, a neuroscientist, explains why sleep is important and why it is not a waste of time.

1. Why Do We Need Sleep?

Rest and repair: Sleep helps the body recover and strengthens the immune system.

Better memory and learning: It helps us remember things and be more creative.

Emotional balance: Lack of sleep can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression.

2. What Happens If We Don’t Get Enough Sleep?

It affects memory, decision-making, and heart health.

Increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and accidents.

3. How to Improve Sleep?

Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.

Avoid using phones or computers before bedtime.

Limit caffeine and alcohol in the evening.

II. New Vocabulary

Circadian rhythm – Nhịp sinh học

Sleep deprivation – Thiếu ngủ

Cognitive function – Chức năng nhận thức

Emotional regulation – Kiểm soát cảm xúc

Memory consolidation – Củng cố trí nhớ

Metabolism – Quá trình trao đổi chất

Hormonal imbalance – Sự mất cân bằng nội tiết

REM sleep – Giấc ngủ REM

Deep sleep – Giấc ngủ sâu

Sleep hygiene – Vệ sinh giấc ngủ

He explains that sleep is not just a time for rest, but it also helps maintain mental and physical health, boosts memory, and supports cognitive functions. Foster also clears up some common misconceptions about sleep, such as the amount of sleep needed for different ages, and emphasizes the close link between sleep and mental health.

Vocabulary I have learnt:  

1. Circadian rhythm: Đồng hồ sinh học

2. Sleep deprivation: Thiếu ngủ

3. Neurodegenerative diseases: Bệnh thoái hóa thần kinh

4. Homeostasis: Sự cân bằng nội môi

5. Cognitive function: Chức năng nhận thức

6. Sleep architecture: Kiến trúc giấc ngủ

7. Melatonin: Melatonin ( một loại hocmon trong cơ thể)

8. Chronotype: Loại sinh học – có nhiều loại (người dậy sớm vs cú đêm)

9. Restorative: Phục hồi( giấc ngủ)

10. Biological clock: Đồng hồ sinh học

Idioms/Phrases:

1. Burning the candle at both ends: Đốt nến từ cả hai đầu - Thức khuya và dậy sớm, thường dẫn đến thiếu ngủ.

2. Get some shut-eye: Ngủ một giấc

3. Catch some Z’s: Chợp mắt/ giấc ngủ ngắn

4. Hit the sack:  Đi ngủ

5. Sleep like a baby: Ngủ như một em bé (Ngủ rất sâu và yên bình)

6. Out like a light: Ngủ ngay lập tức (vào giấc 1 cách nhanh chóng)

Vocabulary:

1.    Detrimental: Gây hại, có hại.

2.    Advocate: Ủng hộ hoặc đề xuất một nguyên nhân hoặc chính sách cụ thể.

3.    Slow Movement: Phong trào Chậm

4.    Well-being: Trạng thái thoải mái, khỏe mạnh hoặc hạnh phúc.

5.    Creativity: Sự sáng tạo

6.    Balance: Sự cân bằng

7.    Leisure: Thời gian rảnh rỗi

8.    Productivity: Hiệu suất lao động

9.    Quality of life: Chất lượng cuộc sống

10. Embrace: Chấp nhận hoặc ủng hộ một cách nhiệt tình và hào hứng.

Idioms/Phrases:

1.    Fast-paced society: Xã hội nhanh chóng - Một xã hội di chuyển nhanh và thường đặc trưng bởi cảm giác khẩn cấp.

2.    Savor life: Tận hưởng cuộc sống

3.    Finding a balance: Tìm kiếm sự cân bằng

4.    Deepen relationships: làm sâu sắc, bền chặt mối quan hệ

5.    Enhance creativity: Tăng cường sự sáng tạo

Vocabulary I have learnt:

1.    Industrial farming: Nông nghiệp công nghiệp

2.    Sustainability: Tính bền vững

3.    Distorted view: Cái nhìn méo mó (nhận thức sai lệch, gây hiểu lầm)

4.    Big-box farming: Canh tác lớn (trồng trọt, chăn nuôi quy mô lớn)

5.    Advocates for: Ủng hộ

6.    Local food production: Sản xuất thực phẩm địa phương

7.    Organic food production: Sản xuất thực phẩm hữu cơ

8.    Conscious food choices: Lựa chọn thực phẩm có ý thức

9.    Farming initiatives: Sáng kiến nông nghiệp

Some idioms:

1.    Hidden nature: Bản chất ẩn

2.    Take a stand: Đưa ra lập trường

3.    Make conscious choices: Đưa ra lựa chọn có ý thức

/v/:https://voca.ro/1awffwOZuf39

/s/:https://voca.ro/11gdhMWxUZgL

Sound /e/: https://voca.ro/1e8igTvWhD3B

Sound /æ/: https://voca.ro/16la9cW2fdtn

Sound /ɑː/: https://voca.ro/13eomTwiAf2e

Sound /ɒ/: https://voca.ro/1k04rEkwwfSZ

Passion: Passion is when you love what you do. Freeman Thomas says he is driven by his passion. People who succeed often do their work because they love it, not just for money. When you do what you love, money often follows.

Work: Rupert Murdoch believes in hard work. Success doesn't come easy. But it's important to enjoy your work. Successful people work hard but also have fun. They are not workaholics; they enjoy their work like a game.

Good: Alex Garden advises to become good at what you do. There is no magic to it; just practice a lot. To succeed, you need to keep improving your skills and become really good at what you do.

Focus: Norman Jewison thinks focus is important. Success comes when you concentrate on one thing. Instead of doing many things at once, focus on one goal and work hard towards it.

Push: David Gallo says you have to push yourself. This means going beyond your limits, both physically and mentally. Even if you have self-doubts, keep pushing yourself. Sometimes, family or friends can help push you too.

Serve: Sherwin Nuland finds joy in serving others. To be truly successful, you should offer something valuable to others. This is how you can make a real difference and become successful.

Ideas: Bill Gates had a great idea to start a software company. Creativity and new ideas are important for success. You don't need magic; simple actions can lead to great ideas.

Persist: Joe Kraus says persistence is key. Success requires you to keep going even when you fail. Persist through challenges, criticism, and pressure. Keep trying until you succeed.

Vocabulary learned:

1. Driven (adjective) - bị thúc đẩy, có động lực

2. Workafrolics (noun) - người yêu thích công việc

3. Self-doubt (noun) - sự tự nghi ngờ bản thân

4. Persevere (verb) - kiên trì

In his TED talk, Russell Foster talks about the vital role of sleep in our physical and mental health. He debunks myths and emphasizes how modern society often undervalues sleep, causing many people to be sleep-deprived. This has serious consequences for our brain functions and overall well-being. Foster explains the negative health effects of chronic sleep loss, like obesity, stress, and heart disease, and explores the link between sleep problems and mental health conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. He suggests that regular, stable sleep patterns can help improve mental health and urges people to prioritize sleep as an important part of a healthy lifestyle.

There are key ideas:

• Importance of Sleep: Sleep is essential for physical and mental health.

• Modern Society's View on Sleep: Society often undervalues sleep, leading to widespread sleep deprivation.

• Consequences of Sleep Deprivation: Lack of sleep impairs cognitive functions and decision-making.

• Health Risks: Chronic sleep loss is associated with serious health issues like obesity, stress, and cardiovascular disease.

• Therapeutic Potential: Regular, stable sleep patterns can improve mental health and overall well-being.

NEW VOCABULARIES

• Deprivation /ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən/: Thiếu hụt

• Cognitive /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/: Nhận thức

• Chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/: Mãn tính

• Schizophrenia /ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə/: Tâm thần phân liệt

• Therapeutic /ˌθɛrəˈpjuːtɪk/: Trị liệu

Sound /ʊ/: https://voca.ro/1ccLfUbRRB34

Sound /u:/: https://voca.ro/13T1F8mIM2a2

Sound /ʌ/: https://voca.ro/1ddho0GZiFsV

Sound /ɜː/: https://voca.ro/13UTB1vUAxRw

He points out that genetically modified seeds and organisms have been in our food since the 1990s, yet many people are unaware of their presence. Some studies suggest that these modifications may have harmful effects, including increasing the risk of diseases like cancer. Additionally, fruits and vegetables are often sprayed with toxic chemicals, which can be harmful to human health.

Because of these issues, he wants to make a change. He originally dreamed of becoming an NFL football player, but he has now found a new passion for organic farming. He encourages people to support local farmers, choose organic food, and be more mindful of where their food comes from. He believes that by making better food choices, people can improve their health and contribute to a more sustainable food system.

Vocabulary & Idioms:

1. sustainable farming (n) – Nông nghiệp bền vững

2. coventional (adj) Theo tập quán

3. Processed food (n) – Thực phẩm chế biến sẵn

4. Pesticides (n) – Thuốc trừ sâu

5. synthetic fertilizers (n) – Phân bón tổng hợp

6. factory farming (n) – Nông trại công nghiệp

7. processed food (n) – Thực phẩm chế biến sẵn

8. locally-sourced food (n) – Thực phẩm có nguồn gốc địa phương

9. farmers' market (n) – Chợ nông sản

10. laboratory (n) phòng thí nghiệm

11. To prioritize profit over health (v) – Đặt lợi nhuận lên trên sức khỏe

12.Graze (v) lướt qua

15. To read food labels (v) – Đọc nhãn thực phẩm

16. To avoid additives and preservatives (v) – Tránh chất phụ gia và chất bảo quản

17. To make informed choices (v) – Đưa ra lựa chọn dựa trên hiểu biết

18. To go back to basics (idiom) – Trở về cách làm truyền thống, tự nhiên hơn

19.To take matters into one’s own hands (idiom) – Tự chịu trách nhiệm

20.To eat clean (idiom) – Ăn thực phẩm lành mạnh

She explains the difference between two mindsets. The fixed mindset makes people feel like their abilities are permanent and can’t change. This often leads them to avoid challenges and give up easily. On the other hand, the growth mindset helps people see challenges as opportunities to grow. These individuals work harder, learn from their mistakes, and become more resilient.

Carol emphasizes the importance of teaching children to embrace the growth mindset. Instead of praising their intelligence or talent, we should praise their effort, strategies, and persistence. She shares examples of students who improved greatly after learning about the power of effort.

Vocabulary learned:

• Growth mindset: Tư duy phát triển.

• Fixed mindset: Tư duy cố định.

• Effort and persistence: Nỗ lực và sự bền bỉ.

• Praise wisely: Khen ngợi một cách thông minh.

• Resilient: Kiên cường, bền bỉ.

• Persist: Kiên trì, không bỏ cuộc.

In his TED Talk "Why Do We Sleep?", Russell Foster dives into the vital role of sleep in maintaining brain health, emotional balance, and memory retention. He explains how poor sleep can impair cognitive function, mood regulation, and decision-making abilities. Foster also highlights the importance of aligning sleep with our natural circadian rhythms to improve both quality and quantity. He stresses that sleep is essential for clearing toxins from the brain and rejuvenating the body. Overall, understanding sleep’s role can significantly enhance our mental and physical well-being, boosting creativity and productivity.

II. Vocabulary:

1. Circadian (/sɜːrˈkeɪdiən/) – Liên quan đến nhịp sinh học

2. Neuroscientist (/ˌnjʊəroʊˈsaɪəntɪst/) – Nhà khoa học thần kinh

3. Cycle (/ˈsaɪkl/) – Chu kỳ

4. Myth (/mɪθ/) – Huyền thoại, điều mê tín

5. Predictor (/prɪˈdɪktər/) – Dự báo, dấu hiệu

6. Well-being (/ˈwɛlˌbiɪŋ/) – Sự khỏe mạnh, hạnh phúc

7. Sleep deprivation (/slēp ˌdevəˈrāSHən/) – Thiếu ngủ

8. Cognition (/kɒɡˈnɪʃən/) – Nhận thức

9. Emotional regulation (/ɪˌmoʊʃəˈnæl ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/) – Điều chỉnh cảm xúc

10. Decline (/dɪˈklaɪn/) – Sự suy giảm

11. Biological (/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/) – Sinh học

In his talk, Adam Grant explains that true success comes from status, not power. While power allows you to control and make decisions, it only forces others to comply. In contrast, status is about earning respect and admiration, which motivates others to willingly cooperate and support you. To build status, it’s important to showcase your abilities without boasting, help others without expecting anything in return, and stay humble while being open to listening. Grant emphasizes that long-term success comes from earning trust and respect, not from using power over people. Building meaningful relationships based on mutual respect helps foster effective collaboration, creating a positive and opportunity-filled work environment. Ultimately, status, not power, is the key to lasting success.

II. Vocabulary:

1. Status (/ˈsteɪtəs/) – Địa vị, tình trạng, vị thế

2. Power (/ˈpaʊər/) – Quyền lực

3. Control (/kənˈtroʊl/) – Kiểm soát

4. Compliance (/kəmˈplaɪəns/) – Sự tuân thủ

5. Admiration (/ˌædməˈreɪʃən/) – Sự ngưỡng mộ

6. Cooperate (/koʊˈɑːpəˌreɪt/) – Hợp tác

7. Demonstrate (/ˈdɛməˌstreɪt/) – Chứng minh, thể hiện

8. Boast (/boʊst/) – Khoe khoang

9. Humility (/hjuːˈmɪləti/) – Sự khiêm tốn

10. Respect (/rɪˈspɛkt/) – Sự tôn trọng

11. Trust (/trʌst/) – Sự tin tưởng

12. Collaboration (/kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/) – Sự hợp tác

https://voca.ro/15SZ3z7vgpdr

Sound /k/:

https://voca.ro/18xX9YEDXI0U

Sound /g/:

https://voca.ro/12kopb56rP2x

Sound /f/:

https://voca.ro/1g7WwSo2Xq5p

Sound /v/:

https://voca.ro/1nNodUc8RaqD

In the video "The Secret to Success Isn't Power – It's Status" by Adam Grant, he discusses the difference between power and status in the workplace. Power involves controlling resources that others desire, such as money or the ability to hire and fire. Meanwhile, status reflects the level of respect and admiration a person receives from others. Research shows that when people have power but lack status, they may feel their ego is threatened and respond by exerting control or demeaning others. Conversely, those with status without needing power often gain more respect and better treatment from colleagues. Grant emphasizes that to achieve lasting success, building status through demonstrating competence and showing concern for others is more important than merely striving for power.

Vocabulary:

-Hierarchy : Hệ thống cấp bậc

-Dominance : Sự thống trị

-Subjugation : Sự khuất phục

-Reputation : Danh tiếng

-Assertion : Sự khẳng định

-Depreciation : Sự hạ thấp (giá trị, vị thế)

-Reciprocity: Sự tương hỗ, có qua có lại

-Autonomy : Sự tự chủ

-Manipulation: Sự thao túng

-Endorsement: Sự ủng hộ, tán thành

In the TED talk "Why Do We Sleep?" Russell Foster, a neuroscientist specializing in circadian rhythms, explains the significance of sleep and why it is essential for our well-being. Although sleep takes up a third of our lives, we still know surprisingly little about it. Foster presents three main theories about the purpose of sleep, including its role in restoring energy, enhancing memory, and rejuvenating our bodies. He also debunks common misconceptions, such as how much sleep we truly need at different ages. Notably, he introduces a bold idea: sleep could be a predictor of mental health, offering insights into potential psychological issues and helping to address them. This talk provides a new perspective on sleep, highlighting that it is not only crucial for our physical health but also for our mental well-being.

II. Vocabulary:

1. Sleep [sliːp] – Giấc ngủ.

2. Circadian [sɜːˈkeɪdɪən] – Thuộc về nhịp sinh học.

3. Neuroscientist [ˌnjʊəroʊˈsaɪəntɪst] – Nhà khoa học thần kinh.

4. Restoration [ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən] – Sự phục hồi.

5. Memory [ˈmɛməri] – Ký ức.

6. Myth [mɪθ] – Huyền thoại, điều sai lầm.

7. Predictor [prɪˈdɪktər] – Dự đoán.

8. Mental health [ˈmɛntl hɛlθ] – Sức khỏe tâm thần.

9. Rejuvenate [rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt] – Làm mới, phục hồi sức sống.

10. Essential [ɪˈsɛnʃəl] – Quan trọng, thiết yếu.

Carl Honoré discusses the dangers of our culture's obsession with speed, which he argues erodes our health, relationships, and quality of life. He advocates for embracing slowness and taking time to engage in meaningful activities rather than rushing through them. He emphasizes the importance of balance, proposing that slowing down can increase productivity, creativity, and overall well-being. He shares examples from various domains, like work, food, and parenting, where adopting a slower approach has proven beneficial.

Key Lessons:

1. Slowness enhances productivity: Focusing on quality rather than speed often leads to better outcomes.

2. Mindfulness and presence: Slowing down allows us to be more present in the moment, improving our mental health and relationships.

3. Work-life balance: A slow-paced life can help individuals better manage their personal and professional responsibilities.

Vocabulary:

• Backlash: A strong negative reaction against something.

• Erodes: Gradually destroys or weakens something.

• Obsession: A state in which someone is preoccupied with something to an excessive degree.

He explains that sleep is not just a time for rest, but it also helps maintain mental and physical health, boosts memory, and supports cognitive functions. Foster also clears up some common misconceptions about sleep, such as the amount of sleep needed for different ages, and emphasizes the close link between sleep and mental health.

I. Vocabulary I have learnt:  

1. Circadian rhythm: Đồng hồ sinh học

2. Sleep deprivation: Thiếu ngủ

3. Neurodegenerative diseases: Bệnh thoái hóa thần kinh

4. Homeostasis: Sự cân bằng nội môi

5. Cognitive function: Chức năng nhận thức

6. Sleep architecture: Kiến trúc giấc ngủ

7. Melatonin: Melatonin ( một loại hocmon trong cơ thể)

8. Chronotype: Loại sinh học – có nhiều loại (người dậy sớm vs cú đêm)

9. Restorative: Phục hồi( giấc ngủ)

10. Biological clock: Đồng hồ sinh học

II. Idioms/Phrases from this video:

1. Burning the candle at both ends: Đốt nến từ cả hai đầu - Thức khuya và dậy sớm, thường dẫn đến thiếu ngủ.

2. Get some shut-eye: Ngủ một giấc

3. Catch some Z’s: Chợp mắt/ giấc ngủ ngắn

4. Hit the sack:  Đi ngủ

5. Sleep like a baby: Ngủ như một em bé (Ngủ rất sâu và yên bình)

6. Out like a light: Ngủ ngay lập tức (vào giấc 1 cách nhanh chóng)

I. Vocabulary:

1.    Detrimental: Gây hại, có hại.

2.    Advocate: Ủng hộ hoặc đề xuất một nguyên nhân hoặc chính sách cụ thể.

3.    Slow Movement: Phong trào Chậm

4.    Well-being: Trạng thái thoải mái, khỏe mạnh hoặc hạnh phúc.

5.    Creativity: Sự sáng tạo

6.    Balance: Sự cân bằng

7.    Leisure: Thời gian rảnh rỗi

8.    Productivity: Hiệu suất lao động

9.    Quality of life: Chất lượng cuộc sống

10. Embrace: Chấp nhận hoặc ủng hộ một cách nhiệt tình và hào hứng.

II. Idioms/Phrases:

1.    Fast-paced society: Xã hội nhanh chóng - Một xã hội di chuyển nhanh và thường đặc trưng bởi cảm giác khẩn cấp.

2.    Savor life: Tận hưởng cuộc sống

3.    Finding a balance: Tìm kiếm sự cân bằng

4.    Deepen relationships: làm sâu sắc, bền chặt mối quan hệ

5.    Enhance creativity: Tăng cường sự sáng tạo

I. Vocabulary:

1.    Industrial farming: Nông nghiệp công nghiệp

2.    Sustainability: Tính bền vững

3.    Distorted view: Cái nhìn méo mó (nhận thức sai lệch, gây hiểu lầm)

4.    Big-box farming: Canh tác lớn (trồng trọt, chăn nuôi quy mô lớn)

5.    Advocates for: Ủng hộ

6.    Local food production: Sản xuất thực phẩm địa phương

7.    Organic food production: Sản xuất thực phẩm hữu cơ

8.    Conscious food choices: Lựa chọn thực phẩm có ý thức

9.    Farming initiatives: Sáng kiến nông nghiệp

II. Idioms/Phrases:

1.    Hidden nature: Bản chất ẩn

2.    Take a stand: Đưa ra lập trường

3.    Make conscious choices: Đưa ra lựa chọn có ý thức

Richard St. John's TED Talk, "8 Secrets of Success," compiles years of interviews and research into a concise and impactful presentation. The talk reveals key factors that lead to success, challenging the common belief that success depends on luck or intelligence. St. John emphasizes crucial elements like passion, hard work, and perseverance. He encourages individuals to focus on doing what they love, maintaining persistence, and continuously improving themselves. The main takeaway from the talk is that success requires a combination of passion, effort, and the ability to keep moving forward despite challenges.

Vocabulary:

1.    Passion: Đam mê

2.    Hard work : Làm việc chăm chỉ

3.    Perseverance: Kiên trì

4.    Success:Thành công

5.    Effort : Nỗ lực

6.    Persistence : Sự kiên trì

7.    Talent : Tài năng

8.    Opportunity : Cơ hội

9.    Growth : Sự phát triển

10. Self-improvement : Cải thiện bản thân

some phrases from the video:

1.    Follow your passion :Theo đuổi đam mê

2.    Keep going :Tiếp tục đi

3.    Push through:Vượt qua

4.    Fall down seven times, stand up eight: Gặp thất bại bảy lần, đứng dậy tám lần

5.    Success is a journey, not a destination :Thành công là một hành trình, không phải điểm đến

6.    Practice makes perfect :Luyện tập làm nên sự hoàn hảo

7.    The sky’s the limit : Bầu trời là giới hạn

8.    The early bird catches the worm: Người dậy sớm sẽ gặp may mắn

Sound /ɑ:/: https://voca.ro/115tsFQHeujS

Sound /ɪə/: https://voca.ro/1ih6gUmGbPCv

Sound /ʊə/: https://voca.ro/19vVcSUgeXNz

Sound /eə/: https://voca.ro/12dbYsmk4nC6

sound /m/

sound /w/

Sound /aɪ/: https://voca.ro/1oWqDjN4cyCg

Sound /ɔɪ/: https://voca.ro/1fJ69YPIzWUp

Sound /aʊ/: https://voca.ro/12UYFC6Aq6aS

Sound /əʊ/: https://voca.ro/1mPymF7CMjY0

https://voca.ro/14rFkaUWZXAg

https://voca.ro/1ddzuW5fH2F4

sound / k /

sound / d/

https://voca.ro/11NNJNZrWmZF

Sound /z/:

https://voca.ro/15SsBLhK690Q

Sound /ʃ/:

https://voca.ro/1dAQnY66PFx7

Sound /ʒ/:

https://voca.ro/160bOvcG9H71

Sound /tʃ/:

https://voca.ro/14rE7VtLIXFY

https://voca.ro/1lP3S5MyhuMv

Sound /k/:

https://voca.ro/1gI9OCK4iBu4

Sound /g/:

https://voca.ro/17pOpLo1gNcF

Sound /f/:

https://voca.ro/19WapicU7Y9A

Sound /v/:

https://voca.ro/17RpU3BgntiJ

https://voca.ro/1aputwDlfVsq

sound / f /

He talks about how people who earn status by being kind, skilled, and trustworthy are more likely to do well than those who just try to have authority. When others respect you, they listen to what you say, support your ideas, and follow you because they want to, not because they have to. On the other hand, people who only focus on gaining power often fail because they don’t have real influence.

The talk also gives advice on how to build status in a good way. Instead of using fear or control, successful people help others, share useful ideas, and are dependable. When we form good relationships, show that we know what we’re doing, and stay humble, people naturally respect us more.

Useful Vocabulary

-status /ˈsteɪ.təs/ hoặc /ˈstæ.təs/ – địa vị, vị thế

-power /ˈpaʊ.ər/ – quyền lực

-influence /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ – sự ảnh hưởng, tác động

-authority /ɔːˈθɒr.ə.ti/ – quyền hành, thẩm quyền

-trustworthy /ˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði/ – đáng tin cậy

-admiration /ˌæd.mɪˈreɪ.ʃən/ – sự ngưỡng mộ

-humility /hjuːˈmɪl.ɪ.ti/ – sự khiêm tốn

-reciprocity /ˌrɛs.ɪˈprɒs.ɪ.ti/ – sự có qua có lại, sự trao đổi công bằng

-generosity /ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/ – sự hào phóng, rộng lượng

-collaboration /kəˌlæb.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ – sự hợp tác

Useful Idioms & Phrases

-"Lead by example" – Làm gương cho người khác noi theo

-"Respect is earned, not given" – Sự tôn trọng phải được kiếm chứ không phải tự nhiên có

-"Climb the ladder" – Leo lên nấc thang sự nghiệp

-"Pull rank" – Lợi dụng quyền hạn để ra lệnh cho người khác

-"Give credit where credit is due" – Công nhận công lao của người khác

-"Actions speak louder than words" – Hành động quan trọng hơn lời nói

-"Win people over" – Chiếm được cảm tình, sự ủng hộ của người khác

-"Burn bridges" – Phá hủy mối quan hệ, không để đường lui

-"Go the extra mile" – Nỗ lực hơn mức mong đợi

-"Earn your stripes" – Chứng tỏ bản thân qua kinh nghiệm và nỗ lực

Summary

In the TED Talk How Great Leaders Inspire Action, Simon Sinek explains why some leaders and companies can inspire people. He introduces the "Golden Circle" model, which has three levels: Why, How, and What. According to him, successful people always start with "Why"—they know their purpose before figuring out how to do things or what to offer.

Sinek gives examples like Apple, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright brothers, who changed the world by focusing on their vision, not just their products or strategies. He also says that people don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it.

This talk made me realize that to be a great leader, I need to have a clear purpose and inspire others, not just convince them with money or benefits.

-I learned some nice words and expressions from the listening:

Inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ – truyền cảm hứng, thúc đẩy ai đó làm điều gì đó

Golden Circle /ˈɡoʊl.dən ˈsɜːr.kəl/ – Mô hình “Vòng tròn vàng” giải thích cách các nhà lãnh đạo truyền cảm hứng

Start with Why /stɑːrt wɪð waɪ/ – Bắt đầu với “Lý do tại sao” (nguyên tắc lãnh đạo tập trung vào mục đích trước)

Trust /trʌst/ – sự tin tưởng, lòng tin

Manipulation /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ – Thao túng (ép buộc hành động)

Inspiration /ˌɪn.spəˈreɪ.ʃən/ – Truyền cảm hứng (tạo động lực tự nhiên)

Law of Diffusion of Innovation /lɔː əv dɪˈfjuː.ʒən əv ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ – Luật khuếch tán đổi mới (lý thuyết giải thích cách các ý tưởng mới lan rộng)

Lead /liːd/ – Lãnh đạo (dẫn dắt bằng tầm nhìn)

Manage /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ/ – Quản lý (kiểm soát bằng quy trình)

Sound /ʊə/: https://voca.ro/1fslBedLI0xC/

Lily’s Lovely Life: https://voca.ro/1kGF8GwhdtZO

In the talk "How Great Leaders Inspire Action" Simon Sinek introduces the Golden Circle model to explain how great leaders and organizations inspire action. This circle consists of three levels:

1. What – Every organization knows what they do.

2. How – Some organizations know how they do it, meaning their unique processes or values.

3. Why – Very few organizations know why they do what they do, which refers to their purpose, belief, or core mission.

Sinek emphasizes that great leaders and inspiring organizations start with "Why", they clearly define their purpose and beliefs before communicating "How" and "What". He uses examples like Apple, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright brothers to illustrate that people are drawn to and remain loyal not because of specific products or services, but because of the reasons and beliefs behind them.

By starting with "Why" leadersth can create deeper connections and motivate action from their followers or customers.

- Vocab :

1. golden circle /ˈɡoʊl.dən ˈsɝː.kəl/ – Vòng tròn vàng

2. innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ – Sự đổi mới, sáng tạo

3. terminology /ˌtɝː.məˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/ – Thuật ngữ

4. diffusion /dɪˈfjuː.ʒən/ – Sự lan tỏa, sự khuếch tán

5. differentiation /ˌdɪf.ə.ren.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ – Sự khác biệt hóa, sự phân biệt

6. conviction /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/ – Sự tin chắc, niềm tin mãnh liệt

7. substandard /ˌsʌbˈstæn.dɚd/ –Dưới tiêu chuẩn

8. well-funded /ˌwelˈfʌn.dɪd/ – Được tài trợ tốt

9. commercial /kəˈmɝː.ʃəl/ – Quảng cáo trên TV, radio

10. orator /ˈɔːr.ə.t̬ɚ/ – Nhà hùng biện, diễn giả giỏi

11. comprehensive /ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.sɪv/ – Toàn diện, bao quát

12. "People don’t buy what you do, they buy why you do it" - Mọi người không mua thứ bạn làm, họ mua lý do bạn làm nó.

13. "Start with why" - Bắt đầu với lý do tại sao

14. "Leaders inspire, not manipulate" - Những nhà lãnh đạo truyền cảm hứng, không thao túng.

15. "Those who lead inspire us" - Những người dẫn đầu là những người truyền cảm hứng cho chúng ta.

https://voca.ro/15SZ3z7vgpdr

Sound /k/

https://voca.ro/18xX9YEDXI0U

Sound /g/

https://voca.ro/12kopb56rP2x

Sound /f/

https://voca.ro/1g7WwSo2Xq5p

Sound /v/

https://voca.ro/1nNodUc8RaqD

Vocabulary:

1. Industrial farming : large-scale farming methods using machines, chemicals, and monoculture practices.

2. Sustainability : the ability to maintain healthy environmental and agricultural practices over the long term.

3. Monoculture : the cultivation of a single crop over a large area.

4. Organic farming : farming that avoids synthetic chemicals and focuses on sustainability.

5. Agribusiness : large-scale farming as a business, often focused on profit over environmental concerns.

6. Big-box agriculture : refers to large, industrialized agricultural operations.

sound / v /

sound / s /

sound / z /

He highlights the importance of serving others rather than just chasing money, emphasizing that real success comes from providing value. He also discusses the role of self-improvement and creativity, encouraging continuous learning and adaptation.

Success, he argues, is not a one-time event but an ongoing journey of growth. Through real-life examples, he dispels the myth of overnight success, showing that long-term effort and resilience are what truly make a difference. He encourages people to stay committed, embrace failures as learning experiences, and keep striving toward their goals.

Vocabulary & Idioms:

1. Persistence (n) – Sự kiên trì

2. Workaholies (n) – Những người nghiện công việc

3. To embrace challenges (v) – Chấp nhận thử thách

4. Overnight success (idiom) – Thành công đến sau một đêm

5. To go the extra mile (idiom) – Nỗ lực hơn mức cần thiết

6. To push oneself (v) – Thúc đẩy bản thân

7. To provide value (v) – Mang lại giá trị

8.Evidence (n) – Bằng chứng, thông tin

Evidence (v) – Chứng minh, cung cấp bằng chứng cho điều gì đó.

9. To learn from failure (phrase) – Học hỏi từ thất bại

10. Self-improvement (n) – Sự phát triển bản thân

11. To focus on the long game (idiom) – Chú trọng đến thành công lâu dài

12. To stay committed (v) – Giữ cam kết với mục tiêu

13. Hard work pays off (idiom) – Nỗ lực sẽ được đền đáp

14. To make a difference (idiom) – Tạo ra sự khác biệt

15.self-doubts (n) – Sự nghi ngờ bản thân.

16. Come up (ph. v) Xuất hiện, xảy ra

Carol Dweck's talk explores the concept of a growth mindset, emphasizing the power of the word "yet" in education and personal development. She describes a Chicago high school where students receive a grade of "Not Yet" instead of failing, reinforcing the idea that learning is a journey rather than a fixed state. She shares research on how students react to challenges: those with a growth mindset embrace difficulties and learn from their mistakes, while those with a fixed mindset see failure as a judgment of their intelligence and may resort to cheating or avoiding challenges. Brain activity studies confirm that growth-minded students engage deeply with errors, helping them improve. Dweck critiques a culture focused on immediate success, where children are raised to seek validation rather than resilience and perseverance. She suggests praising effort, strategies, and progress rather than intelligence or talent. Experiments with an online math game rewarding "yet" over instant correctness showed increased engagement, perseverance, and problem-solving skills. She highlights the transformative power of a growth mindset in education, particularly for underprivileged students. Case studies show struggling students making remarkable academic gains when taught that effort and challenge strengthen their brains. She concludes by advocating for educational environments that nurture "yet," arguing that fostering a growth mindset should be a fundamental right for all children.

II. NEW VOCABULARIES THAT I LEARNED FROM THE VIDEO

1. Curve (n, v) – /kɜːrv/

   (n): Đường cong, chỗ uốn

   (v): Bẻ cong, uốn cong

2. Turn point (n) – /tɜːrn pɔɪnt/

   Điểm bước ngoặt, điểm thay đổi quan trọng

3. Cope with (phrasal verb) – /koʊp wɪð/

   Đương đầu với, đối phó với

4. Informative (adj) – /ɪnˈfɔːrmətɪv/

   Cung cấp nhiều thông tin, có tính chất cung cấp kiến thức

5. Tragic (adj) – /ˈtrædʒɪk/

   Bi thảm, đau thương

6. Catastrophic (adj) – /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/

   Thảm khốc, tàn khốc

7. Gripped (adj) – /ɡrɪpt/

   (adj): Bị cuốn hút, bị thu hút mạnh mẽ

   
   

8. Tyranny (n) – /ˈtɪrəni/

   Chế độ chuyên chế, sự áp bức

9. Fixed-mindset (n) – /fɪkst ˈmaɪndˌsɛt/

   Tư duy cố định (niềm tin rằng trí tuệ và khả năng không thể thay đổi)

10. On fire (idiom) – /ɒn faɪər/

    Đang rất thành công, xuất sắc

11. Validation (n) – /ˌvælɪˈdeɪʃən/

    Sự xác nhận, sự công nhận

12. Perseverance (n) – /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrəns/

    Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ

13. Resilient (adj) – /rɪˈzɪliənt/

    Kiên cường, có khả năng phục hồi nhanh

14. Persistence (n) – /pərˈsɪstəns/

    Sự kiên trì, sự bền bỉ

15. Rebound (n) – /ˈriːbaʊnd/

    (n): Sự phục hồi

16. Chronically (adv) – /ˈkrɒnɪkli/

    Một cách mãn tính, kéo dài lâu dài

17. Inevitable (adj) – /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/

• Không thể tránh khỏi

18. Steeped in (phr.v) đắm chìm trong

19. Percentile (n) phân vị (%)

20. Affluent (adj) – /ˈæfluənt/

    Giàu có, thịnh vượng

21. Outdid (v - past tense of outdo) – /ˌaʊtˈdɪd/

    Vượt trội hơn, làm giỏi hơn

22. Solid (adj, n) – /ˈsɒlɪd/

    (adj): Cứng, chắc chắn, đáng tin cậy

23. Put into (phrasal verb) – /pʊt ˈɪntuː/

    Đưa vào, đặt vào, đầu tư vào

Sound /ʃ/

Sound /ʒ/

https://voca.ro/1oRVyvkjoX1k

Sound /tʃ/

https://voca.ro/1iGTOCsergeI

Sound /dʒ/

Sound /h/

https://voca.ro/13aXq2AtEjMs

Cramming /ˈkræm.ɪŋ/ (N,V) : học nhồi nhét
Gratification /ˌɡræt̬.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ (N) : sự hài lòng, sự thỏa mãn
Dial /daɪl/ (N,V) : Mặt số, bảng hiển thị, quay số, gọi điện
Tranquility /træŋˈkwɪl.ə.ti/ (N) : sự yên bình, thanh thản, tĩnh lặng
Gladiatorial /ˌɡlæd.i.əˈtɔːr.i.əl/ (Adj) : liên quan đến đấu sĩ hoặc cuộc chiến đấu ác liệt
Roadrunner /ˈroʊdˌrʌn.ɚ/ (N) : Người chạy nhanh trên đường
Cyclical /ˈsaɪ.klɪ.kəl/ (Adj) : mang tính chu kỳ, lặp đi lặp lại theo vòng tuần hoàn
Deceleration /ˌdiː.sel.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (N) : sự giảm tốc, sự chậm lại
Hypocrisy /hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/ (N) : sự đạo đức giả, giả tạo
Renaissance /ˈren.ə.sɑːns/ (N) : Thời kỳ Phục hưng, sự phục hưng, tái sinh hoặc hồi sinh
Holistic /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/ (Adj) : toàn diện, tổng thể
Adolescent /ˌæd.əˈles.ənts/ (N) : thanh thiếu niên
Gratuitously /ɡrəˈtuː.ɪ.təs.li/ (Adv) : một cách không cần thiết, vô cớ hoặc miễn phí.

The second is energy conservation The third idea is brain processing and memory consolidation. If after you've tried to learn a task, you don't have a good sleep, the ability to learn a task is weakened. Sleeping at night enhances our creativities. Therefore, we can't get there if we don't sleep, but now the quality of sleep is reducing overtime, which leads into micro-sleep. Lack of sleep impairs memory, decision-making, and immune response. It increases risks of heart disease, Alzheimer's, and depression while reducing reaction times, leading to accidents. Stimulant, especially alcohol, actually harm some of neutral processing. sleep loss results in obesity. Russell Foster gave advice for better sleep like reducing screenlight at least hafl an hour before going to sleep. Sleep is essential for survival and well-being. Prioritizing healthy sleep improves physical and mental health.

Vocabulary:

deprivation(n) sự thiếu thốn

fuel(v) nạp năng lượng

sedate(v) làm dịu

wind down( phr.v) nghỉ ngơi

honey-heavy dew (noun phrase) giấc ngủ ngon

socioeconomic(n) kinh tế xã hội

smug(adj) tự mãn

schizophrenia(n) tâm thần phân liệt

antipsychotics(n) thuốc giảm rối loạn thần kinh

bipolar(n) lưỡng cực

regulate(v) điều tiết

overlap(v) chồng chéo

flow(v) xuất phát

precede(v) xuất hiện trước

abnormality(n) sự bất thường

Ease sb off: giảm bớt áp lực, giúp ai đó từ từ thích nghi hoặc thư giãn hơn.

metabolic predisposition(noun phrase) khuynh hướng trao đổi chất

Have a little lapse of ( collocation) có một khoảng khắc mất tập trung, quên lãng hoặc suy giảm nhận thức trong thời gian ngắn.

suppress(v) suy giảm

infection(n) sự nhiễm trùng

vasculature(n) mạch máu

consolidation(n) sự hợp nhất

acute(adj) cấp tính

goodness sake(noun phrase): lợi ích lâu dài.

likelihood(n) khả năng

Attribute to (ph.v)quy cho, gán cho, cho rằng điều gì đó là do nguyên nhân nào đó.

sector(n) lĩnh vực

Lock onto (phr.v) tập trung hoặc nhắm chặt vào một mục tiêu

light-dark cycle : chu kì sáng tối

micro-sleep(n) giấc ngủ siêu ngắn, ngủ gục

vigilance(n) sự cảnh giác

neuroscience (n): khoa học thần kinh

come up with ( collocation) đưa ra, nảy ra giải pháp.

Novel solution: Một phương pháp mới hoặc độc đáo để giải quyết một vấn đề

threefold(adj) gấp ba lần

Indulgence(n) sự nuông chiều, sự thỏa mãn hoặc hành động cho phép bản thân hoặc người khác tận hưởng một điều gì đó.

Take on board ( collocation) tiếp thu ý kiến, lời khuyên

casually(adv) tình cờ

liken(v) ví von, so sánh

mildly(adv) nhẹ nhàng

impair(v) suy yếu

irritable=grumpy(adj) cáu kỉnh

dummy(n) người thiếu hiểu biết

desperately(adv) tuyệt vọng

ghastly(adv) ghê gớm

honey-heavy(adj) lịm mật

slumber (n) giấc ngủ

prophetic(adj) tiên tri

jump forward (phr.v) tiến thêm

wimp(n): kẻ yếu đuối

infamous( adj): khét tiếng

invade(v) xâm chiếm

tolerate(v) chấp nhận

neuroscientist (n) nhà thần kinh học

occupy(V) chiếm lĩnh

shut down(phr.v) ngừng hoạt động

extent(n) phạm vi

flip(v) lật ngược

spinal cord(n) tủy sống

hypothalamus(n) vùng dưới đồi

preotic(adj) tiền sản

lateral(adj) bên

stem(n) thân cây

cortex(n) vỏ não

wrinkly(adv) nhăn nheo

urotransmitter(n) chất dẫn truyền thần kin

provide sb with sth

consensus(n) sự đồng thuận

send down(phr.v) cho xuống

restoration(n) sụ phục hồi

intuitive(n) trực quan

essentially(adv) thiết yếu

go in and out of fashion( collocation) trở nên phổ biến rồi lạc hậu

mentabolic pathway (noun phrase) con đường trao đổi chất

hypothesis(n) giả thuyết

energy conservation(n) bảo tồn năng lượng

do the sum: làm các phép tính

sound / j /

https://voca.ro/1djSErXNbHZs

sound / r /

https://voca.ro/1cLGUTF8pCE0

sound / l /

This listening focus on explain how leaders inspire others. This model consists of three layers:

1. Why: The purpose, belief, or reason for an organization’s or individual’s existence.

2. How: The unique process or values that help achieve that purpose.

3. What: The products or services they offer.

Sinek emphasizes that inspiring leaders and organizations start with "Why" first, then move to "How" and "What." He uses examples like Apple, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright brothers to illustrate that people don’t buy products or services just because of what they are but because of why they exist. When an organization clearly communicates its "Why," it attracts people who share the same belief and builds deep loyalty.

Vocabulary:

1. Golden Circle: A model proposed by Simon Sinek to explain how leaders inspire action, consisting of three layers: Why, How, and What.

2. Codify (verb): To arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a structured system or written form.

3. Spike /spaɪk/ (n): A sudden increase in something. Also refers to a sharp-pointed object.

4. Commercial /kəˈmɜːrʃl/

(a): Related to business, trade, or making a profit.
(n): An advertisement on TV, radio, or online.

5. Diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ (n): The process of spreading something (information, culture, gas, liquid) from one place to another.

6. Invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/ (n): A request for someone to attend an event or participate in something.

7. Consultant /kənˈsʌl.tənt/ (n): A professional who gives expert advice in a specific field.

8. Orator /ˈɔːr.ə.t̬ɚ/ (n): A person who is skilled at public speaking.

9. Fuzzy /ˈfʌz.i/ (a):

- Not clear or difficult to see, hear, or understand.

- Covered with soft, fine hair or fibers.

10. Correlate /ˈkɔːr.ə.leɪt/ (v,n):

- As a verb: To have a connection or relationship between two things.
- As a noun: A thing that has a connection with another thing.

Phrase & Collocation:

1. Lead by example : To lead by setting a good example, acting in a way you want others to follow.

2. Take responsibility :  Acknowledging responsibility for one's actions or decisions.

3. Make a difference: Contributing to change or improvement in a situation.

4. Think outside the box: To think creatively, coming up with new and unconventional ideas.

5. Go the extra mile: Doing more than what is required to achieve better results.

6. Stay ahead of the curve: Keeping up to date and leading in a particular field.

7. Step out of your comfort zone: Daring to try new and difficult things.

8. Set a goal: Determining what one wants to achieve.

9. Achieve success: Completing goals and obtaining the desired outcome.

10. Face a challenge: To confront a difficulty

11. Make an impact: Affecting something positively or negatively.

12. Seize an opportunity: Not missing out on a good opportunity when it arises.

13. Overcome obstacles: Successfully dealing with challenges or barriers.

14. Take initiative: Starting something on your own without being told.

15. Turn a vision into reality: Transforming ideas or plans into concrete results.

sound /p/

In the TED talk "In Praise of Slowness," Carl Honoré critiques the modern obsession with speed and efficiency, pointing out that our fast-paced culture is damaging our physical and mental well-being. He explains that society has become so focused on doing everything faster—work, eating, raising children—that we overlook the importance of slowing down. Honoré highlights examples from various areas of life, including work, education, and leisure, where slowing down can actually improve our productivity, creativity, and health. He suggests that by embracing slowness, we can reconnect with our humanity, reduce stress, and live more fulfilling lives. Honoré advocates for a cultural shift towards embracing a slower, more deliberate approach to life, where we prioritize quality over speed.

II. Vocabulary:

1. Slowness [ˈsloʊnəs] – Sự chậm lại.

2. Obsession [əbˈsɛʃən] – Sự ám ảnh.

3. Efficiency [ɪˈfɪʃənsi] – Sự hiệu quả.

4. Culture [ˈkʌltʃər] – Văn hóa.

5. Well-being [wɛlˈbiɪŋ] – Sức khỏe, tình trạng tốt.

6. Creativity [ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvɪti] – Sự sáng tạo.

7. Balance [ˈbæləns] – Sự cân bằng.

8. Quality [ˈkwɒləti] – Chất lượng.

9. Stress [strɛs] – Căng thẳng.

10. Fulfilling [fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ] – Đáp ứng, thỏa mãn.