Storyboard by Jassmin Smith

Research Methodologies in Action Research

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Exploring Pre-Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, Mixed Methods, and Ethical Considerations

Introduction to Research Designs

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Research design determines how data is collected and analyzed. Choosing the right design impacts the study's validity and applicability.

Pre-Experimental Designs

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- Typically involve a single group without a comparison group.
- Used in situations where control over variables is limited.

- Example: Testing a literacy intervention in one classroom without a control group.

Quasi-Experimental Designs

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- Involve comparison groups but lack random assignment.
- More control over variables compared to pre-experimental designs.
- Example: Comparing literacy outcomes in two schools, one using an intervention and one not.

Mixed Methods Research Designs

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- Combines the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
- Provides a more comprehensive understanding of research questions.
- Example: Using surveys (quantitative) and interviews (qualitative) to assess both literacy skills and teacher perceptions.

Ethical Considerations in Research

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Protecting rights, informed consent, confidentiality, minimizing harm

Comparison of Research Designs

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- Pre-Experimental: Initial testing with limited control.
- Quasi-Experimental: Moderate control; no random assignment.
- Mixed Methods: Depth through both numbers and narratives.

Overview of Research Design Types

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- Pre-Experimental Designs: Incorporate several aspects of experimental studies but exclude others

-Quasi-Experimental: Closest to true experiments, but no random assignment

-Mixed Methods: Include both qualitative and quantitative elements

Types of Pre-Experimental Designs

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- One-shot case study: T -> Time -> O

- One group pretest-posttest: O -> T -> O

Types of Quasi-Experimental Designs

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-Pretest/Posttest Control Group: Similar to one-group pretest-posttest, but with the inclusion of a control group

Experimental Group: O -> T -> O

Control Group: O -> - -> O

Types of Mixed Methods Research Designs

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-Explanatory Mixed-Methods Designs: Quantitative (Focus) -> Qualitative (Supplemental) -> Explanation to support quantitative data

-Exploratory Mixed-Methods Designs:

Qualitative (Focus) -> Quantitative (Supplemental) -> Explanation

-Triangulation Mixed-Methods Designs: Qualitative = Quantitative

Qualitative + Quantitative = Complete understanding of research question

Ethical Considerations in Research

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- Protecting participants’ rights (e.g., consent, confidentiality).
- Avoiding harm and ensuring fairness.
- Examples:
- Informed consent forms for participants.
- Anonymity measures for sensitive data.

Informed Consent

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Describes the nature of the study, as well as the level of involvement of the participants. Take a look at this example of an informed consent form from Bowling Green State University.

Confidentiality & Anonymity

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