A229 Lesson 9 by Nandhini lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0 en-us 2022-07-11 14:05:24 UTC 2022-07-15 07:56:54 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f40b.png Ambush predators 21021212_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243531309 Common characteristics:
- Execute an ambushing strategy until the prey is within the striking zone
- Quick reaction speed to capture and secure prey
- Assess the prey location and if it is worth the energy to capture and time their strike carefully when the prey is in the correct location to ensure successful capture
- Once they launch they cannot change direction

Adaptations:
- Sacrifice sustained speed and manoeuvrability for a fast burst of speed
- Specific adaptations to seize their prey rapidly and securely successfully
- Contains a group of pike-like predators which have:
  • Elongate and flexible bodies
  • Long snouts with many sharp, thin teeth
  • Broad and symmetrical median fins placed far back on the body opposite one another
  • Relatively large caudal fins with low aspect ratios
  • A low body profile evokes a slower response by prey

Strategies:
- Concealment
  • Staying out of sight (burrows): waits until the prey is near
  • Camouflage: partially buries itself in the sand and waits for prey
- Aggressive mimicry
  • Predator or parasite mimics a third party
  • The third-party model includes the prey/host species or another species that their prey/host does not regard as dangerous
- Traps
  • Build traps to help capture their prey

]]> 2022-07-14 16:39:24 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243531309 Predation 21021212_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243772699 2022-07-15 01:36:06 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243772699 Pursuit Predators https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243798872 2022-07-15 02:03:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243798872 Pursuit Predators nickyqian1 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243799449 Characteristics-
Built for prolonged speed
Body shape is often fusiform
Outspeeds or Outendures prey until it is caught or prey escapes
Adaptations-
Streamlined body for speed
Terminal mouth to catch prey in front
Often lunate caudal fins for higher speed
Examples-
Tunas, some sharks

]]> 2022-07-15 02:04:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243799449 different types of teeth 21005319_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243809700 pointed teeth- useful for stabbing and holding on to their prey
comb like- used to scrape food items off substrate
heavy and flat- used for grinding up prey that have hard shells such as crabs and mollusks
fused like a beak- used for scraping and biting chunks off substrate
incisor like- used to tear up flesh into chunks
broom like- used for filter feeding, filtering the food out from the water.
serrated- adapted for sawing and tearing up prey ]]> 2022-07-15 02:16:28 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243809700 Crocodile Icefish 21021212_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243822474 Known as the Crocodile Icefish or white-blooded fish since it is the only known vertebrates that lack hemoglobin in their blood as adults meaning they have clear blood. They are found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica and have anti-freeze proteins that circulate through their bodies. They do not have a swim bladder and hence are found at the bottom of the ocean where they sit and wait for their prey, their coloration helps them remain undetected by both prey and predators as they blend in with their rocky, sandy environment. They typically eat plankton, small fish, krill and crustaceans but have been known to eat prey 50% of their body size.

]]> 2022-07-15 02:31:47 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243822474 predation definition https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243822680 -Predation refers to the capture and killing of a live ( including deposit feeders, suspension feeders)
-  Death to the prey
-Increase the amount of energy stored and more nutritional value
-Results in predator and prey evolutionary arm race]]> 2022-07-15 02:32:04 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243822680 Foraging cycle of a predator https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243834771  1. Detection- predators detect prey by visual olfactory and other cues
2. Pursuit- initiate attack and  actively pursue prey
3. Capture-secure prey and prevent it escape
4. Consumption-final step
Foraging cycle
1) Search:
-Passive(sit and wait)=Lots of prey that are mobile and predator has low energy requirements
-Active and wide foraging=Sparse, sedentary prey and expends more energy
2)Assess:
-Decision depends on costs and benefits involved( nutritional value or defense trait)
-Size is a consideration( prey too small or too big)
3)Pursue:
-Ambush predation
-Ballistic interception
-Pursuit predation
4)Handling-Handling includes any post-capture manipulation required 

]]> 2022-07-15 02:47:38 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243834771 General Adaptations nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243841685 2022-07-15 02:55:31 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243841685 Structural Adaptations nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243842371 2022-07-15 02:56:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243842371 Jaws nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243863990 2022-07-15 03:21:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243863990 Teeth nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243864571 2022-07-15 03:22:12 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243864571 Eyes (vision) nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243874346 Sharks have "tapetum lucidum" which is a reflective layer of shiny cells behind the retina. This allows them to see and hunt prey such as organisms living in the benthic area zone, in low light conditions.


]]> 2022-07-15 03:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243874346 Olfactory bulb (Odour detection) nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243874840 2022-07-15 03:37:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243874840 21005319_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243888206 marine predators possess complex and rapid eye-motor coordination that helps them find and capture prey.
Some elasmobranches and most teleost fish, have colour vision.

]]> 2022-07-15 03:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243888206 21005319_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243891007 detect chemicals released by prey
great white sharks have the best sense of smell of all sharks, they have the largest olfactory bulbs]]> 2022-07-15 04:03:33 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243891007 Shortfin Mako shark https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243897052 The shortfin Mako shark also called the bonito shark is a species of shark that lived in both temperate and tropical seas worldwide and are found in the open waters in the pelagic region of the ocean. They can grow up to 4 meters in length They are the fasted species of shark in the world and reach up to speeds of 46 mph. With their streamlined shape , having a lateral line to sense tiny vibration in the water and amazing sense of smell allow the Mako shark to detect prey easily. Upon finding it ideal prey they Mako will start to chase its prey  and in most cases, they can easily chase their prey down because of their streamlined shape. Some of their preferred prey are like the herrings, tuna and small cetaceans. They are also popular for being a good sport game fish for anglers. They are also classified as an endangered species due to overfishing.]]> 2022-07-15 04:13:59 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243897052 Lateral line nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243966267 Detect movement of prey, water current and vibrations (boat riding across the surface water)

It can be found under the skin which comprises a series of fluid filled canals, running from the snout along both side of the body

The pores on the body along the lateral line has a direct contact to the surrounding water, where it detects the flow and the change in pressure. ]]> 2022-07-15 06:11:47 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243966267 Jaws https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243972493  Jaws – many predators possess jaw and 
muscle structure that create a partial 
vacuum to suck prey into the mouth. 
(Terminal protrusible mouth)
This include whales, some sharks and other fishes.
]]> 2022-07-15 06:23:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243972493 Case study moray eel https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243974091 The moray eel have long and sharp teeth to make sure prey does not escape
-Moral eel oral teeth are sharp and 
curve backwards to prevent prey from 
backing out from the eel’s mouth.
-A second set of teeth called pharyngeal jaw 
then lunge forward to grab the prey and 
bring it to the throat ]]> 2022-07-15 06:27:08 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243974091 Ampullae of Lorenzini nandhini_lekshmanan https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243976319 This sensory organ allows them to detect electrical fields created by the prey. As they swim nearer to the seabed, their mallet head shape helps them detect better prey hiding (stingray)  under the sand, which also allows them to swiftly grab them with their inferior mouth

Mallet head shape allows them to pick up more sensitive electrical signals better than other species]]> 2022-07-15 06:32:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243976319 maximum prey size 21005319_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243978041 piscivorous fishes are considered gape limited. the maximum size that a piscivorous fish can catch and swallow is how wide its horizontal maxillary oral gape is. ]]> 2022-07-15 06:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243978041 MANVITH'S COMMENTS 210050921 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243981897 this padlet is the only one that used the typewriter font haha
very nice diagrams and case studies included for the lateral line. i like the derpy hammerhead shark picture that nandhini added xD
very nice and entertaining padlet]]> 2022-07-15 06:44:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243981897 Aung 21022524_2 https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243987445 great examples given with good explainations
more information could be given on types of predation 
might be slightly wordy on some wordboxes]]> 2022-07-15 06:56:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243987445 Jav https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243994863 Was amaze by the selection of background! Anyways, very well elaborated mind map with additional examples that are not from the scorm. Maybe can split up the points for the ambush predator one, to make it less wordy. Overall good job!]]> 2022-07-15 07:13:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nandhini_lekshmanan/nn9q2ym7fb5ebfr0/wish/2243994863