https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz en-us 2022-09-13 13:25:23 UTC 2023-04-20 14:42:52 UTC hello@padlet.com ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294288774 Cells are the simplest unit of living matter

Cell Theory:
- All living organisms are composed of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life
- All cells arise from other cells]]> 2022-09-13 13:28:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294288774 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294297588 Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotes.

Eukaryotes are complex and do have membrane-bound organelles. Animals, plants, and fungi are eukaryotes.]]> 2022-09-13 13:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294297588 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294307836 Autotrophs:
- Obtain carbon directly through CO2
- Photoautotrophs get energy through light
- Chemoautotrophs get energy through "inorganic oxidation" of water, minerals, or nitrogen gas

Heterotrophs:
- Obtain carbon through other means (not directly from CO2)
- Photoheterotrophs get energy through light
- Chemoheterotrophs depend on other organisms for carbon]]> 2022-09-13 13:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294307836 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294348173 Genetic Transfer/Bacterial Conjugation
- They grab stray DNA from the environment
- Plasmid Transfer
Binary Fission
- Rapid reproduction or 2 identical cells]]> 2022-09-13 13:56:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294348173 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294351473 Mitosis
- Somatic/Body cells
Meiosis
- Gametes
- Egg/sperm
Variations & Diversity come from mutations]]> 2022-09-13 13:57:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294351473 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294356031 - Unicellular
- May have flagella for movement
- Aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative (an)aerobe
- Gram + or gram -]]> 2022-09-13 14:00:16 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294356031 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294361254 - Unicellular
- Live in extreme environments
- Some types include:
     - Thermophiles (extreme hot temps)
     - Halophiles (salty environments)
     - Methanogens (methane-producing)
     - Psychrophiles (extreme cold temps)]]> 2022-09-13 14:02:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294361254 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294366227 - Aerobic
- Cellulose in cell wall
- Many ways of locomotion
     - Cilia (hair-like)
     - Flagellates (whip-like)
     - Pseudopodia (fake feet) ]]> 2022-09-13 14:05:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294366227 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294368814 - Unicellular or multicellular
- Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae
     - Photosynthetic
- Live in damp soil, water, and on rocks]]> 2022-09-13 14:06:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294368814 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294378911 - Mushrooms, mold, yeast
- Cell wall contains chitin
- Reproduce by releasing spores
- Decomposers]]> 2022-09-13 14:10:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294378911 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294382033 - Nonliving, noncellular entities
- Consists of:
     - Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
     - Surrounded by a protein coat
- Require a host to reproduce]]> 2022-09-13 14:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294382033 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294385239 - Not technically microorganisms, but part of their life cycle is microscopic
- Examples:
     - Flatworms
     - Lung Fluke Disease
     - Roundworms
- Ascariasis]]> 2022-09-13 14:13:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294385239 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294390492 Bacilli: Rod-shaped
Cocci: Round, spherical
Spirilla: Rigid spiral-shaped bacteria
Filamentous: Thread-like, cells elongate but don’t divide]]> 2022-09-13 14:15:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294390492 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294394899 Tests for peptidoglycan
Gram +: Thick peptidoglycan layer
Gram -: Thin/no peptidoglycan layer]]> 2022-09-13 14:17:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294394899 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294397660 Identifies aerobic bacteria
Catalase: Enzyme produced by bacteria that uses oxygen
A positive catalase test will have bubbles present
A negative catalase test will have no reaction]]> 2022-09-13 14:19:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294397660 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294405060 Identifies aerobic bacteria
Depending on where the bacteria grows in a tube full of liquid, you can determine whether it is aerobic or anaerobic]]> 2022-09-13 14:22:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294405060 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294414823 Consists of:
- DNA or RNA
- A protein coat, which can be:
     - Capsid: a rigid structure to withstand harsh environments
     - Envelope: can only survive in aqueous solutions

]]> 2022-09-13 14:26:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294414823 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294419772 - Complex
     - Bacteriophage (a virus that infects a bacteria)
- Helical/filamentous
- Spherical
- Polyhedral]]> 2022-09-13 14:28:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294419772 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294422532 The chain of infection occurs in the following order:
- Organism
- Reservoir
- Portal of Exit
- Transmission
- Portal of Entry
- Susceptible Host]]> 2022-09-13 14:29:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294422532 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294425633 - Invade the Host
- Cause Disease
- Evade Host Defenses]]> 2022-09-13 14:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294425633 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294428210 Antibiotics
- Used for bacterial infections ONLY
- Examples include Doxycycline, Penicillin, Amoxicillin

Antivirals
- Used for viral infections ONLY
- Examples include Tamiflu, Retrovir, Zovirax]]> 2022-09-13 14:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2294428210 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2296889866 Nutrients are provided by different types of agar. Some agar types include LB agar, potato dextrose, yeast-mannitol, sheep's blood, and MacConkey agar.]]> 2022-09-14 18:23:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2296889866 ztotaro241 https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2296896909 - Write name, date, time, and sample on the petri dish (agar side)
- There are different plating techniques, such as:
     - Triple-Z
     - 4-Quadrant Streak
- Wrap the dish in parafilm, then store upside down

]]> 2022-09-14 18:28:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ztotaro241/nmwvmw9458b372dz/wish/2296896909