In pairs, please discuss and respond to the following questions:

1. Compare the conch and Jack's knife. What are the similarities, or what are the differences?

2. Which item (the conch or the knife) is more powerful and why?

3. What do we learn about Jack at the end of chapter 1 (i.e. his inability to kill the pig)?

1) conch is a symbol of authority, law and order. In the story, Ralph blew the conch to bring the boys together. Jacks knife is a symbol of power and violence. In the story, jack used the knife to try to kill a piglet. Although he did not kill it, he promised to show no mercy the next time. This is foreshadowing of what’s going to happen next.

The conch and jacks knife are similar that they both represent power.

2) in chapter 1, the conch is more powerful because

3) at the end of chapter 1, we learnt that jack is

1. The conch attracts help while the knife scares people away. Even though both are symbol of power but the knife is

Q1. The similarities between the conch and Jack’s knife is that they both symbolises unity and power. The conch and Jack’s knife are similar as they brought people together as one and shows that they have potential and competence.

Q2. Conch is more powerful as it strengthens unity and bond by gathering people on the island together. It also symbolises authority and law held by it with power and order.

Q3.

1. Conch symbolises the beauty of authority ,structure and order. But this is like democratic. similarly the knife symbolises power, control and leadership. The knife however is known aggressive and hence suggest a non-democratic form o leadership.

2. The knife has more dominance in terms of power because sharp objects are often associated with cruelty. As compared to the conch with is more of a toy as Piggy’s neighbour had played with it.

1. The conch and Jack’s knife are different as the knife strikes fear into the pig’s heart, causing it to squeal. However the conch gives a sense of unity, leadership and civilisation as it brought the surviving children together on the beach and to gave a sense of order.

2. The conch ( currently )

1. The conch represents leadership through authority, and law and order, leaning towards the positive side of power. However, Jack’s knife represents forceful dominance, leaning towards the negative side of power due to its ability to harm others. Both the conch and knife symbolises power.

2. The conch is more powerful than the knife as the conch is able to gather and get people of any setting to come together to be aware of authority. On the other hand, the knife can be used individually, usually to gain one’s personal needs and wants, through threatening others.

3. We learnt that Jack is cold-blooded and has a bad temper, which can be seen through him killing the pig in a violent manner to see visible blood loss. His bad temper is evident by

1. Both the conch and Jack’s knife symbolises leadership, control and authority, while the conch represents the peaceful structure of order, the knife represents the violent side of authority. The conch is held by Ralph who is seen as a hero, a good leader, while the knife is held by Jack who is someone that has some leadership qualities but lacks the natural charisma Ralph has as well as the ability to bring people together to unite them. The words used to describe the conch are more positive while for the knife it's more negative and violent.

2. The knife. The knife can cause physical harm. Although the conch gathers people together, they can’t do much while a knife is a weapon that can kill.

3. He is afraid and trying to convince himself that he has what it takes to kill the pig. He’s trying to prove himself to others -> foreshadowing to his character in the future. The knife shows Jacks character, he works individually to get what he wants, shown through his cruel authority over the choir, getting them to follow his command.

Both the conch and jack’s knife holds the power of authority. the conch is a symbol of leadership, law and order. the conch gives an impression of authority with its deep cream and pink. while the knife gives an impression of danger

Q1. The conch and Jack’s knife are both symbols of authority. The conch is a symbol of power, authority, and law and order. When Ralph blew the conch, he summoned all the children to his location. This shows that the conch represents calm authority. The conch has a way to have authority through a civilised and orderly system, the other boys view Ralph as a leader and they listen to him. Meanwhile Jack’ knife is more towards control and dominance, asserting authority in a harsh and more violent manner as nobody wants to get hurt. His control seems to come from fear and reluctance, and also to prove himself as he failed to be a leader and failed to kill a pig. Ralph control comes from order and law, leadership within him.

1. Conch represents good, knife is BAD!!!!

2. Conch is more poerwerful. The conch shell represents leadership and power while the knife represents violence👺👺

3. hes a wuss!!!😡😡 he says he’s going to kill the pig but he couldn’t, and he tries to gaslight ralph and Simon into thinking that he was giving the pig mercy, where he just couldn’t kill the pig cuts he’s a noob 👎

1. The conch is a shell that gives off the impression of beauty and unity while jack’s knife gives off the impression of raw violence and aggression when in the heat of the moment.

2. The conch is more powerful. This is because it brings everyone together and allows the combination of everyone’s strength put together to work on a main goal while the knife is only useful for one individual, Jack, the main user of it.

3. We learn that at the start, jack may seem cruel and lack of empathy for others but towards the end of the chapter, we see that jack could not kill the pig which shows his fear of killing a living animal (which he tries to cover it up as uncertainty of where to aim), hence he is also fearful while trying to keep his pride.

1. Both the conch and Jack’s knife are symbols that’s represent each of their holder’s character/soon to be personality.

   The conch is a symbol of leadership and authority, while Jack’s knife is a symbol of violence and fear which contradicts the conch’s symbol.

2. The conch is more powerful than the knife. The conch is a symbol of leadership and authority which means that the one with the conch, Ralph, is well respected and followed. However, Jack’s knife is a symbol of fear and violence. This shows that the one with the knife, Jack, will be feared. Jack, instead of being followed will go down a lonely path of violence and bloodshed, which isn’t as powerful as being united and followed by others.

3. Jack is deep down still a young boy at heart. This can be seen in his inability to kill the pig. His innocence as a child drives him to not finish the pig. However, afterwards he is pissed that he was unable to kill the pig annd have bloodshed. To this, he vows that he will show no mercy next time and makes the other boys silence about their chatter of him unable to kill the pig. This shows his change of heart and how he is slowly being corrupted into wanting violence and bloodshed. He wishes to be feared and in control, not wanting others to laugh at him and think that he is childish instead of ‘mature’.

1. Both the conch and knife symbolise power. The conch symbolises leadership, authority, and law and order, leaning towards the positive side of power. This is evident when Ralph utilised the conch shell to summon and gather the other children. However, Jack’s knife symbolises forceful dominance, violence, and humans’ impulsive tendencies. Thus, the knife leans towards the negative side of power due to its ability to harm others and allure of violence over law and order.

2. The knife is more powerful as it can be used individually, usually to gain one’s personal needs and wants, through threatening others. In the later part of the story, Ralph’s attempts to maintain law and order were ineffective. Ultimately, leading the boys to embrace their savage nature. Through the knife, it reflects the power of fear and force over social order, showing how powerful the knife is over the conch.

3. We learnt that Jack is an aggressive and dominant. This is evident by his strong desire for control, such as whenever he tries to assert dominance especially over Ralph and Piggy. Aside from the fact that he lost the election for chief, his leadership over his choir shows his need for control. Jack is also a strong willed person as after he failed to kill the pig, he was embarrassed and frustrated. He insisted that next time, there would be “no mercy” given to the pig, foreshadowing that he will slowly transform into a merciless hunter.

1. If Piggy had been physically stronger or more charismatic, he would have been chosen as leader. Do you agree?

2. Jack hesitates to kill the pig. Is this a sign of moral strength or weakness? If survival was at stake, would it have been wrong to kill?

Remember to reference events in the chapter 1 as evidence for your point of view!

1. The conch and Jack’s knife are different as the knife strikes fear into the pig’s heart, causing it to squeal. It also represents their savagery. However, the conch gives a sense of unity, leadership and civilisation as it brought the surviving children together on the beach and to gave a sense of order.

2. The conch is currently more powerful. The conch has proven itself as a loud and magnificent tool. It brought the survivors together and became a symbol of leadership amongst the children.

3. We learn that Jack, despite his arrogant and rough acting persona, is deep down empathetic and a good boy at heart for now. This can be proven by his inability to kill the pig as he hesitated for too long.

1. The conch attracts help which allows it to display harmony while the knife scares people away, even though both are symbol of power, the knife is more towards representing violence and the conch is more to law and order.

2. The conch is more powerful because the conch has beauty while it symbolises power, law and order and the knife has a intimidating appearance while it only symbolises power and violence

3. We learn that even though Jack is unable to kill the pig, he still wants to show others that he is still worth obeying therefore he is much more verbally cruel.

1. the conch and knife holds the power of authority. the conch holds the power of law and authority while the knife holds the power of authority by violence. the conch gives an impression of beauty with its deep cream and pink while the knife gives an impression of danger.

2. from what i have seen, the conch has more power than the knife the knife can only be used for violence. the knife can be used to gather supplies. (kill animals for food) while the conch symbolises the ability to lead the boys, being in charge of them and telling them what to do. compared to the knife, the conch holds more responsibility of leading the boys to survival

What do you think Golding wants us to learn from the character of Piggy?

I think that Goulding wants us to learn that even though one is smart, very intelligent sensible, but will still be neglected due to one’s looks. Even though Piggy is smart, and is the one that is sensible, does all the jobs that others never thought of doing, like taking down names of the boys, but he was still get scolded and blamed by the others for not doing well enough, and he was bullied by the others just because he is not as brave and as charming as Ralph. The other boys also know that Piggy would not do anything to them even if he was very mad, which later led to Jack telling Piggy to “shut up” and snatching his spectacles, and Ralph saying harsh things to Piggy. This shows that Goulding wants us to learn that even if one is sensible, but will still get bullied, blamed just because of the kindness that one has, just because one is not that brave and would not do anything to stop the bullying that is happening to them.

Golding wants us to see the dangers of ignoring reason and wisdom just because they may not look fit . Piggy represents knowledge and order, but because the boys prioritize strength and charisma over intelligence, they ignore him. Through Piggy’s treatment, Golding warns that when societies ignore logic and reason, chaos and destruction can follow.

I think that Golding is trying to convey the message that society tends to often value power and appearance over intelligence and reason. Golding is trying to say that if we continue to do that things will fall apart, just like how the island fell apart and the boys turned into savages, just like in real life, just because someone isn’t the loudest or the most confident it dosent mean that their words are not worth listening to.

From Piggy, Golding wants us to learn that being wise doesn’t necessarily mean you’re respected by others. Piggy, despite being the symbol of wisdom, none of the boys are willing to see past his outward appearance and acknowledge his wisdom and knowledge. They tell him to ‘Shut up’ when he tries to voice out his opinions and ideas. Although his ideas were sensible, well thought out and could potentially help the group of boys, they are unwilling to listen as they showing they do not respect Piggy or see him as a leader in any way. The boys ignoring wisdom in the form of Piggy foreshadows how the story progresses and acts as a warning as to the chaos that follows when law and order is ignored. This is shown when the boys were running up the hill to start the fire and the line ‘The conch forgotten’ followed. Ignorance of law and order leads to mayhem.

From Piggy we can also learn that being easily embarrassed and flustered is not a good trait of a leader. Piggy is constantly getting cut off when he tries to speak, this leads to him being hesitant to even talk, this is seen in Chapter 2 after Jack told Piggy harshly to ‘Shut up.’ Piggy was afraid, shown in ‘Piggy opened his mouth to speak, caught Jack’s eye and shut it again’ showing he is easily flustered. On the contrary, Ralph is assertive, confident and has a natural charisma unlike Piggy. Piggy is widely disliked by the group of boys, mainly because of his outward appearance but another contributing factor is his shy and awkward personality.

I think Golding wants us to learn that piggy is often seen as an outsider and has a different perspective on things from the other boys. Although he is the symbol of wisdom and is the only one with reason and logic, the other boys do not acknowledge piggy’s ideas or concerns as he is usually seen as an inconvenience. This can be supported when jack accused piggy for not helping to start the fire even though piggy has been trying to warn them about the consequences of starting the fire.

Golding empathises the dangers of not listening or considering logical reasons before carrying out the action. This can be supported by the boys ignoring logical reason (piggy’s words) to start the fire, which resulted in a forest fire and the boy with the mulberry mark to be missing.

I think Golding uses Piggy to show the importance of intelligence, reason, and civilisation. Despite his logical thinking and good ideas, Piggy is ignored and ridiculed by the other boys, highlighting how society often overlooks wisdom in favour of physical strength and charisma. His treatment by the group also reflects how vulnerable individuals are marginalised, emphasising cruelty, power and the breakdown of order. Golding may be warning readers about the dangers of ignoring rational voices in times of crisis.

I think that Golding wants us to learn from the character Piggy that as humans, we will always judge others no matter how dire a situation is. Although Piggy is the most mature character who has the highest intelligence, he is still ignored and bullied by the other boys, who do not see his worth. This shows how ignoring advice from someone wiser can bring about horrible consequences. When Piggy dies, the boys sink further into savagery as they plan to kill Ralph next, which shows how uncivilised and violent one can become when there is no one mature enough to guide them to the right morals.

I think that Golding also wants us to learn from Piggy that no matter how others see you, at the end of the day, your worth is define by yourself. While the boys don’t see any worth in Piggy and his intelligence, Piggy still forges on with his ideas and his thoughts, knowing that they will provide help to the boys. This can be seen in chapter two, ‘fire on the mountain’, where there is a repetition of him saying “I’ve got the conch”. This emphasises that Piggy wants to speak up for himself and his thoughts, knowing his knowledge and worth, because holding the conch ment that he could speak his thoughts in the meeting.

Golding wants to tell the readers that having knowledge or being logical doesn’t make instantly respected or being listened to others. Even though Piggy is the smartest one out of them all, he often gets ignored and bullies due to the lack of his self confidence and his weak physique. Thus, the others often look down upon him and don’t take him seriously. It also shows how not listening to logic will affect society, as the reckless actions of just randomly starting a fire almost lead to a wildfire. This might be foreshadowing for later down in the story when characters decide to ignore advice, leading to more drastic damage and consequences.

Ralph not being listened to at times shows the impact of emotions on different situations. When the situation becomes desperate, characters will reveal their true intentions, even going against authority. Golding wants us to learn the impact of how desperation will corrupt a person

Golding wants the readers to look at the dark reality of how society would often choose charisma and looks over intelligence snd the symbol that Piggy carries, wisdom. In chapter 2 Piggy was clearly portrayed as the smartest and the only person with an incredible amount of self awareness, it was also showed clearly how Piggy was not scared or shy to say his view and thoughts. However, not any of the boys decided to listen to him because he did not look as attractive. The setting of the chapter still takes place in the island that requires an intelligent mindset to survive which Piggy has however the boys are quick to judge and openly dismiss Piggy as a useless being just because he does not look good. Even Ralph which was shown as a character with good leadership skills refuse to listen to Piggy at times. In chapter 2, the boys wanted to start a fire to attract passing by ships and in order to keep the fire burning they insisted to use Piggy’s glasses. Piggy’s glasses is the symbol of wisdom and it allows Piggy to navigate. The fact that the boys decided to use his glasses to keep the fire burning shows how easily it is for them to neglect civilisation. Therefore, I think that Golding wants to tells us how society views charisma with a much greater worth than intelligence and wisdom based from the character of Piggy.

Golding uses Piggy to remind us that the voice of reason is both vital and vulnerable, even in a society that claims to value order. Piggy’s constant dismissal—even by Ralph—underscores the grim truth that intellectual insight and rationality are often ignored or ridiculed when fear and the allure of power take over. In Piggy, we see the embodiment of a fragile, yet essential, human element that is all too easily silenced when the baser instincts of the crowd prevail. Golding’s message is a somber reflection on our own world: that without respect for wisdom and logic, civilization itself is at risk of descending into chaos.

Golding wants us to learn that in times of despair, logic is inferior to power. Golding uses piggy as an example of how wisdom is overlooked if power and charisma is absent. Piggy’s glasses are a symbol of intelligence and wisdom. However when compared to Ralph’s conch which symbols power and authority, it is seen by others as futile, irrelevant, and does not display the equal power as of Ralph. Piggy is furthermore made fun of often by others for his appearance, whilst Ralph is glorified. This further proves that charisma plays a part in who the characters respect, despite the knowledge held by Piggy. Hence Golding wants to portray an image of how people may react inhumane and illogical in times of desperation.

Golding wants us to learn that Piggy depends on Ralph to be heard. When Jack tried to tell the boys that ‘if there was a snake (they’d) hunt it and kill it’, Ralph tried to convince them that ‘there isn’t a snake’ and ‘there isn’t a beast’. When he first tried to tell them that there wasn’t a snake, Jack still said that he would ‘make sure’, which made Ralph ‘annoyed’, and had to repeat there isn’t a beast so that the other boys will not be scared. He also had to try very hard to get everyone to want to be rescued as the boys let their fear of the beastie overwhelm them. This shows that the boys had a struggle between order and chaos and Ralph did a good job at getting everyone to have a common goal. Even though Ralph is the leader and he is charismatic, he already had a lot of trouble trying to convince everyone to follow his lead to rescue them. On the other hand, when Piggy first had the conch, he did not have Ralph to support him. He kept on begging for others to give him ‘a right to speak’ and the boys ‘looked at him with eyes that lacked interest’. When he realised that he was being ignored by everyone, he asked Ralph if ‘he got the conch’. This shows that Piggy feels the need to seek affirmation from Ralph before he can say what he wants to say which shows that he sees Ralph as superior and fears the authority of Ralph and Jack. When Piggy was talking to the boys, he often mentioned Ralph saying certain things and the boys not listening to him. This shows that Piggy feels that he has to talk about Ralph in order for others to hear him because they usually ignore his personal opinions and tell him to ‘shut up’.

Despite piggy being the smartest in the group, he is always getting cut off, and not respected. Golding uses piggy to show us how society chooses physical appearance and charisma over intelligence. He emphasises the dangers of being biased based on looks and always ignoring the more important voices, which could lead to chaos and uncivilisation.

Piggy being the symbol of wisdom is the only sensible one who can see the big picture that they will perhaps be stuck in that island forever if the boys are not going to be serious about finding ways to get rescued, evident from him saying “How can you expect to be rescued if you don’t put first things first and proper?” after he tries to advise the boys on what to do when he felt disgusted from how the boys were excited to start a fire because they felt that it was fun and it was without any detailed plans.

He was ignored many times despite having the conch, the power to speak, when he tried to voice out his thoughts and was only thought to be useful to the boys in their opinion because of his spectacles that was made out of wood. The boys snatched his spectacles which made him felt furious on top of being ignored and it is seen on how he criticised how immature the boys were acting as they failed making the fire and that they should have prioritised on building shelters by the beach first.

He is being ganged up by others even when the boys knew that he was correct. The boys do not acknowledge Piggy’s worth even when Piggy symbolises wisdom.

Through this, I think that Golding wants us to learn from the character of Piggy that although sometimes we are treated unfairly despite being right but not heard and things do not always go the way we want, it is important for us to keep trying and voice out our thoughts especially since we know that we are correct. It is important to not have unfair treatment towards a party if a civilised society is hoped to be achieved.

Golding’s interpretation of Piggy tells me that Piggy is an extremely overlooked and disliked character.

Since the start of ‘Lord of the Flies’ in Chapter 1, we can already see Ralph not respecting Piggy by ignoring him, leaving him behind and cutting him off mid-sentence. One example would be that when they first met, after Piggy introduced himself, Ralph immediately ‘shrieked with laughter’ while repeatedly saying ‘Piggy! Piggy!’, even when Piggy himself was begging him to stop. Thus this shows me that in their first encounter, Ralph had already began to humiliate Piggy, which shows me the lack of respect Ralph has for Piggy.

Furthermore, later on in Chapter 2 when most of the characters have been introduced, his derision only seemed to worsen. When Piggy pointed out all their flaws in their attempt to ease their escape on the island, such as ‘now you been and set the whole island on fire’. However, despite his valid points, not only did he get ignored but the fact that he did not ‘get a list of name’ due to ‘them little ‘uns running around like insects’ was called out and he was berated by Ralph for not doing his assigned duty even though it was quite impossible to do so. Moreover, Jack also demanded Piggy to ‘shut up’ at one point of time because Piggy brought up the fact that his glasses was taken away to start the fire.

Hence, with all that I said, I truly believe that Piggy was meant to be portrayed as a dismissed and mocked character due to the amount of times he was overlooked, made fun of and ignored, by all the other boys on the island.

I think that Golding also wants us to learn that although u might be the most resourceful and important person if u can’t carry yourself well in front of others like piggy who doesn’t stand up for himself when being criticised and disrespected and is seen as someone who is easy to take advantage of your opinions would not be taken seriously compared to Ralph who even though does is not the most resourceful and does not have much to contribute but he is seen as trustable and a leader in everyone’s eyes.

Based on pages 61 to the middle of 63, how can we tell that Jack is becoming more animalistic?

“Now the antagonism was audible.”

“They were both red in the face and found looking at each other difficult”

Golding makes the disagreement so tense by using many different quotes and phrases that emphasises the feeling of tension. Firstly, the described the obsession and desire Jack has on successfully killing the pig, setting up the situation for the argument as Ralph does not care on whether he kills the pig but instead wants them to help him build the shelters. Golding described the whole scene as the “antagonism was audible”, which means that Jack was actively being hostile to Ralph. The situation is also tense as Jack has several moments where the he is described as animalistic and a few times when the “ madness” came into his eyes, making Jack a unpredictable character, almost like a wild beast that will lash out anytime, leading to the readers pandering on what Jack would do next.

golding made the fight intense by showing the ralph is emotional and suppressing his emotions as although ralph is usually calm, ralph tried to compose his anger by hiding it although he feels frustrated which makes the tension more unsettling as there is emotions that are not expressed

“ now the antagonism was audible “

golding makes the conflict something that was unspoken about to something clearly heard in their voices. the word “antagonism” shows how deep the resentment is, and making it “audible” shows that their fight can be heard by everybody.

“ found looking at each other difficult “

this shows how there is awkwardness and discomfort between each other after the fight as they are not able to look at each other anymore

Golding makes the scene tense through diction.

In the dialogue, Ralph continuously cuts Jack off as seen in ‘We want meat —’ ‘And we don’t get it’ the use of aposiopesis shows the continued dismissal which fuelled Jack’s anger and adds on to the tension.

The phrase ‘Now the antagonism was audible’ shows that Ralph and Jack carried two contrasting views and were very against each other. So much so that their anger is evident in their dialogue to each other.

The tension between Ralph and Jack is also evident when ‘Jack shouted in rage’ Shouting shows his frustration and the extent of his anger, shouting adds on to the tension. But even after Jack shouted, Ralph continued to cut him off. The tension was so intense and they were both so enraged that Ralph and Jack both found ‘looking at each other difficult’.

Goulding made the scene tense by making the characters express their feelings to each other. Ralph and jack expressed their real feeling to each other which came in a way that was very tense, as they were shouting at each other, and when they were shouting, the “madness came into his eyes again” shows that jack is a person that gets angry very easily. This images the atmosphere tenser as no one knows what jack might do to Ralph next because of his anger. Ralph’s continuous of cutting jack off also made the scene tense because jack is a person that is slowly becoming more animalistic and he wants meat badly, Ralph cutting jack off and talking in a way that jack thinks that is targeting him will only make jack more angrier and moth later because of his own desire and kill Ralph. Lastly Jack keeps repeating “I” which shows his defensiveness and adds on to the tense atmosphere, where jack was slowly pressing on the issue that he thought that he could hunt the pig. This also shows that Jack is reaffirming himself even though he failed to catch a pig again, and slowly showing his real personality as a person that does not admit to his failure, a person that is slowly losing humanity, becoming more animalistic, and a person that has anger issues, and the beliefs of jack and Ralph are different too, which slowly increases the tense in the scene.

When Ralph and Jack first met, we can see the immediate bond portrayed between them, from leader to leader. As the story progresses, they stuck together, side by side, backing one another up. Hence, their first disagreement seemed tense as their priorities contradict each other, where one is focused on all the boys on the island while the other is focused on their individual self. When Jack said, ‘we want meat’, Ralph immediately replied with, ‘Well, we haven’t got any yet. And we want shelters’. This shows Ralph’s blatant disagreement with Jack and rather commanded an alternative, as Ralph deems it as more important. This tension can be seen further where, Jack said, ‘I thought I might kill’ to which was responded with a simple, ‘But you didn’t.’ . A simple phrase meant to shake Jack out of his delusion of being close to a kill and rather focus on the bigger picture where they should build shelters in order to ensure the safety of everyone.

Furthermore, Jack continues insisting that ‘we want meat—‘ to which he was cut off by Ralph’s, ‘And we don’t get it’ We can see that they keep on going back and forth where Jack desires to hunt more, claiming that everyone wants meat but in all honesty, what he truly wants is to get his first kill just to satisfy himself, hence a selfish desire. On the other hand, Ralph, who perhaps does not know how to convince, could only deny Jack again and again just so they could focus on the more important task ahead which is to build shelters to safeguard and protect all the boys, from the wilderness at night.

Thus, Golding made their first disagreement so tense by not allowing both boys to have an actual discussion on their next move, as both boys have their own priorities and reasonings.

Golding makes the first disagreement between Ralph and Jack intense by using repetition and em dashes in Ralph and Jack’s argument. Ralph was seen frustrated and defeated from how nobody but Simon realises the top most priority which is helping them to build the shelters as they should ensure and symbolises safety of the boys first, they are unreliable in Ralph’s view as he mentioned “They’re hopeless.” and “When the meeting was over they’d work for five minutes then wander off or go hunting.” When Jack tries to defend the boys of not helping Ralph, it worsens Ralph’s frustration as Jack who’s in charge of the boys also does not realise the necessity of the shelters and is only obsessed with hunting. Thus when Jack tries to explain his obsession with hunting, Ralph interrupts Jack and provokes Jack constantly by cutting him off and stating that Jack failed to hunt the pig as seen from him saying “But you didn’t.” “But you haven’t yet.” and “You wouldn’t care to help with the shelters, I suppose?”. The constant provoking of Ralph causes Jack to rage too.

Golding used strong and tense phrases and to display the disagreement between Ralph and Jack. Ralph wants to build shelters and Jack wants to hunt and kill for meat.

From the text, during the disagreement, it said that “the antagonism was audible” This shows that there were many bad feelings and unhappiness between Ralph and Jack. Jack also assumed that Ralph was “accusing” him of not being able to get meat despite the amount of times he said that he wanted it. This shows that in Jack’s perspective, Ralph was no longer a friend to him and with Jack’s bad attitude, this will not go well. It was also said that both Ralph and Jack were “red in the face” and they “found looking at each other difficult”. This shows the intensity of the disagreement between both Ralph and Jack as it was to the point where they could not look at each other or bother to understand each other’s sides.

• “Antagonism was audible”(tells us that Jack and Ralph have completely opposite priorities and views about what is the more important thing that they need to focus on in the island at the moment which leads to arguments between the pair and a undertone of bad feelings which is bad as they are both leaders and neither seems ready to compromise on what they think is best for the group.Which cause the disagreement to be so tense.)

• “Both red in the face and found looking at each other difficult”(tells us that both Jack and Ralph’s anger was so intense that it physically affected them by making them blush with anger,found looking at each other difficult shows that they disliked each other so much at that moment due to their disagreements it was hard to face each other)

• Golding also made the disagreement with the pair tense by making us uncertain about what the pairs next move would be in the heat of the argument “madness came to his eyes”shows that Jack was extremely angry with Ralph and has a short temper he might not be in the right head space to make a rational decision he may have started a fight with Ralph and got physically violent knowing his short tempered self.The uncertainty of his next move makes this disagreement even more tense.To add on to that even after madness came to Jack’s eyes Ralph was cutting him off during their argument and said things that completely contradicted Jack in the most blatant way possible further fueling Jack’s anger.

1)’Jack flushed’ this quote is very tense because it shows jack feeling insulted/embarrassed of what Ralph said to him even though it wasn’t directed towards him, this shows how easily jack can feel insulted which tells the reader just how easily jack can and will get offended and upset.(foreshadowing)

2)’Jack shouted in rage’ this quote is very tense as it is the first time the author actually wrote down that one of them very outright angry or enraged, this is a significant change in the previous flow of the story and we are actually being told that someone got upset and not just shown signs that they were upset.

3)’Ralph looked at him critically through his tangle of fair hair.’ This quote is very tense as it’s shows Ralph slowly realising and noticing jack’s true colours and shows him judging his behaviour. This is especially surprising as this negative impression is coming from Ralph who has seemed to be a very positive guy who tries to see everything in a positive light, if even he is thinking negatively of Jack that symbolises what kind of person Jack really is.

Golding makes the first disagreement between Ralph and Jack so tense through the short speeches and their body language.

Ralph’s defeated feelings and anxiety of the shelters not being built add on to his fury towards Jack when he brings up how “We want meat.” Jack’s compulsion to kill the pig clashes with Ralph’s desire to build shelters which tells us how Ralph and Jack have different thoughts on survival, safety and to kill respectively. When Ralph said how his hunters were not so much of helpful in hunting, there’s a repetition of “I” in Jack’s speech show how defensive Jack is that he is contributing a lot more than Ralph sees; “I went on. I let them go. I had to go on. I—“. This frustrates Jack as he feels blamed for not helping and can be seen when he asks Ralph if he’s accusing him of not being helpful.

Jack also “suddenly shouted in rage” at Ralph which adds on to the tension as his anger is clear in the conversation. “They were both red in the face and found looking at each other difficult” which tells us that the growing conflict between them is building up their frustration towards each other which creates this tense atmosphere between them, causing them to be so mad that they are not able to hold the other’s gaze without fuming. Ralph is fixed on the idea that everyone isn’t helping to build shelters for their survival and safety, which angers Jack as he thinks that he is helping out a lot by attempting to kill the pig for food. When Ralph only acknowledges the fact that Jack came back empty handed and not his attempt to get food, Jack feels that he is being blamed like the rest of the boys for not doing anything.

“Are you accusing—“ —>Jack feels challenged and reacts as if he is being confronted, which immediately creates tension between him and Ralph. The unfinished sentence also shows how defensive he was.

“Now the antagonism was audible”—> the fact that their antagonism was “audible”

suggests that they are no longer holding back on their emotions and the word audible suggest that they are no tone of their voice change,speaking with anger or frustration.

“I thought I might kill you”—he casually says it and it makes it more unsettling

I think that Golding want us to learn that although piggygy is the most intelligent and rational boy on the island, often suggesting logical solutions, like keeping the fire going or using the conch for order. However, he is frequently ignored or mocked, showing how societies often overlook wisdom in favor of power and aggression.Piggy is physically weak (overweight, asthmatic, wears glasses), which makes him an easy target for bullying. Golding seems to suggest that society often values physical strength and charisma over intelligence and morality.His exclusion shows how those who don’t fit the mold of traditional leadership are often cast aside, even when they have the best ideas.

The writer makes this disagreement tense by the antagonism between jack and Ralph. “I thought i might kill—,but you didnt” this repetition of ralph conflicting jack fuels jack to feel more defensive and challenged which makes their disagreement so tense. “They were both red in the face and found looking at each other difficult” this shows that their growing conflict between each other is building up their anger with each other which causes the atmosphere to be tense.“We want meat” and “we want shelters” shows the difference of interest and importance between the two characters. With Ralph conflicting jack about his compulsion with meat, jack became more defensive shown with his repetition of “i” as he feels like Ralph might be belittling him about failing his mission and not helping to build shelters which cause jack frustration and making the atmosphere tense.

• ‘We want meat — ‘ : Jack got cut off by Ralph. This shows that there is conflict as Ralph prioritises making shelters while Jack is extremely focused on getting meat. Ralph is so angry to the point where he can’t wait for Jack to finish speaking and his anger increases the tension in the argument.

• ‘Are you accusing — ’ : this shows that Jack immediately felt threatened by Ralph’s words and instead of calmly discussing whether it is more necessary to build shelters or make barbs, he jumps to defend himself, making the argument more heated.

• ‘Now the antagonism was audible’ : this makes the conflict more explicit, making it clear that Jack and Ralph are rivals. ‘Audible’ suggests that their rivalry is clearly heard in their voices and no longer just a feeling. This makes the argument tense as it foreshadows that an even greater conflict could happen in the future.

Golding makes the first disagreement between Ralph and Jack so tense through diction and words he chooses. In page 65 of the book when Ralph and Jack started arguing over whether the shelters or getting meat was more important, Golding uses the phrase “the antagonism was audible”. This phrase empathises that their argument clearly shows the undertones of unhappiness they have against each other. Golding also uses imagery, “ they were both red in the face and found looking at each other difficult.” This sentence describes how mad both Ralph and jack are. This further contributes to the tension between the both of them.

In their first disagreement, tension is created through opposition. Jack insists, “we want meat” while Ralph ignores his desire and even counters it by saying “we haven’t got any yet”. He even emphasises his own desire, “we want shelters”. This marks the beginning of a clear divide between them, differing desires. Two boys with different priorities for survival. Jack is focused on hunting, while Ralph is focused on building shelter. Their opposing desires spark conflict, as both believe their approach is essential and well, more important than the other. These desires are rooted in emotional beliefs. Jack's obsession with hunting is more than practical, its kinda personal. When chasing a pig, the experience is described as “seductive” and “maddening” showing how deeply drawn he is to the act of hunting. It’s not just survival, it’s something that thrills him. Ralph, on the other hand, shows his emotional investment in the shelters when he says “been working for days now”. This shows his determination to build the shelters, and how much he values safety. When Jack’s desire for meat collides with Ralph’s determination to build shelter, tension rises. These goals are not just too different to even be alike, with the mere similarity that they are both doing this for survival. The opposition between them creates obstacles, preventing each from fully achieving what they want. For readers, this may worry the readers as it begs questions like, Can these boys work together? Will their disagreements grow worse? This moment even foreshadows future conflicts, possibly more intense and even violent.

The more personal the desires, the higher the emotional stakes, and the more intense the tension. Jack and Ralph aren’t just arguing about food or shelter, they’re opposing over what kind of society they want to build. So when Jack and Ralph argue, on the surface about meat and shelters, they’re actually showing the beginning of a deeper idea conflict. (Foreshadowing to more disagreements on their own ideals) Ralph wants civilisation, order, hope (he keeps believing that someone will save them one day) in his idea of society. Jack wants savagery, power, instinct in his idea of society. (Their opposition was shown from the start when Jack wanted to be a leader but Ralph become one, showing that already, they were very different.) Their emotional investment towards their personal ideas makes the opposition deeper, and that depth is what makes the tension so powerful.

What makes the disagreement even more tense is that Jack and Ralph have clashing goals. Ralph focuses more on building shelters (representing structure and safety) while Jack prioritizes hunting. Their short, broken sentences reflect how irritated they’re becoming with each other. In addition, Golding describes Jack’s eyes as “bolting and nearly mad,” comparing him to a wild animal, which emphasizes how he’s becoming more savage, unlike Ralph who still clings to order and civilisation.

“Suddenly Jack shouted in rage” Jack increased his voice level towards Ralph shows that he wants Ralph’s attention, he want Ralph to listen to him, and is proving that he was correct, Jack was insisting in his own point, he is very stubborn .

“Hidden passion vibrated in Ralph’s voice”. Shows that Ralph started to get angry but did not show it. He kept his feelings to himself, he has self-control. He does not actually want to start a fight between him and Jack. A foreshadowing that an argument is going to happen, as he will slowly raised his voice too if Jack continues to not listen to him.

“We want meat” and “We want shelters” shows the contrasting ideas of the 2 leaders. They want different things, and they are arguing over it. They have their own thinking, they are kind of competing over their points and see who will win. This is so tense and interesting because it lets the readers to be curious and continue read on in the end what did they get first. “Are you accusing” shows that Jack is very sensitive and defensive to what others are implying about him. He is very sure and does not want to be the one that is wrong. This is also a sign of blaming each other. The leaders are not working with each other, how will they continue their adventure then. When someone accuses another, shows that they are very sure of something, it often offends someone, and we don’t know if Jack and Ralph will be back together.

Golding creates tension in the first disagreement between Ralph and Jack by showing their different priorities and using sharp dialogue. Ralph wants to focus on building shelters and keeping the signal fire going, while Jack is more interested in hunting. Their clashing goals lead to frustration, and the way they speak to each other becomes more aggressive. Jack gets defensive and Ralph sounds annoyed, which shows that their friendship is starting to break down. Golding also describes their body language to show the growing tension, and the atmosphere of the island starts to feel less safe and more uncomfortable. This moment is important because it hints at the bigger conflicts that will happen later in the story.

He uses quotes like “jack shouted in rage” and “looking at each other difficult” to show the anger and frustration with one another. He tells us the contrast of tasks they want to do like Ralph wanting to build shelters but jack wanting to kill and eat meat. Golding also uses ‘ —— ‘, telling us that Ralph is always cutting jack off, resulting in jack being more annoyed and adding fuel to the fire. Jack then says “are you accusing——“ which tells us jack is being very defensive. jack wants validation that he is brave and wants to kill, but Ralph dismisses that fact as he tells Jack even though he has the impulsiveness to kill, he has not done it.

Golding creates tension in the first disagreement between Jack and Ralph by emphasizing their contrasting priorities, frustrated dialogue, and the oppressive atmosphere. Ralph is focused on building shelters for the group’s safety, while Jack is obsessed with hunting, believing it to be the most important task. Their conversation is filled with irritation. Ralph complains about the lack of help, while Jack defensively insists that hunting is essential. Golding uses short, sharp exchanges and descriptions of their growing frustration to highlight the conflict. The tense mood is further reinforced by the oppressive jungle setting, where the heat and darkness create a sense of entrapment.

1.

“Suddenly Jack shouted in rage.”

Jack’s abrupt outburst shows his frustration reaching a breaking point, marking his first open challenge to Ralph’s authority.

2.

“Now the antagonism was audible.”

Their conflict shifts from silent tension to open hostility, making their division clear to everyone.

3.“They were both red in the face and found looking at each other difficult.”

Their flushed faces and avoidance of eye contact reveal anger, discomfort, and the deepening rift between them.

Golding makes the first disagreement between Ralph and Jack particularly tense through contrasts in their personalities, the stakes of the conflict, and the use of dialogue and description. The disagreement arises over what the boys should priorities. Ralph is focused on maintaining the signal fire for rescue, while Jack is more interested in hunting. This fundamental difference in priorities immediately creates friction because it represents two opposing ways of surviving on the island which is getting rescued and survival on the island. The disagreement arises over what the boys should prioritise. Ralph is focused on maintaining the signal fire for rescue, while Jack is more interested in hunting. This fundamental difference in priorities immediately creates friction because it represents two opposing ways of surviving on the island which is getting rescued and surviving on the island. Golding also uses body language and physical reactions to heighten the tension. Jack, for example, reacts aggressively when confronted, his face “twitched” with emotion, showing his struggle between guilt and defiance. Ralph, in contrast, remains stern, asserting his authority as the leader.

Golding makes it interesting by using peaceful/positve imagery to describe Simon’s interactions with nature. Unlike the other boys who destroy (pushing the big rock down) or fear the jungle (littluns and beastie) Simon finds peace in it. For example, when he retreats to his secret area, Golding describes the area with words like “candle-buds opened their wide white flowers”, creating a calm atmosphere, almost angelic paradise with all the positive description. This peaceful connection stands out in contrast to the harshness or violence the other boys have. (hunting, arguing etc) Not to mention, while the other boys are more disconnected with their surroundings due to other priorities (Ralph with huts, Jack with hunting..) Simon seems to grow closer to nature. This contrast highlights his uniqueness and innocence. Where Jack’s tribe hunts, kills, and dominates nature since animals are kinda part of nature, flora fluana concept, Simon listens to it, shown from “he cocked a critical ear at the sounds of the island”, almost communicating with it on a deeper level. Even though Ralph was the first one to say this island is a paradise, only Simon seems to be truly enjoying it as the paradise it is. It is almost like the nature is his inner voice. The comtrast is so sharp it makes him different from the other boys, making him unique and interesting.

Term 2 Week 6 (Tuesday)

Assignment form: Passage-based question (anywhere from Chapter 1 to Chapter 3); 25 marks; 45 minutes

Refer to the types of questions and the phrasing you've been exposed to for the past few weeks, starting from 25 March.

Read the responses your classmates have given to observe how the good answers are written.

Scene: Pages 83 to 86

Ralph asking the ship to come back even though it’s going away, Simon crying 😢 and piggy trying his best to run 🏃💨

This scene is when Ralph meets with Jack and his hunters and he sees them chanting “kill the pig, cut her throat, spill her blood.” It is here that Ralph has seen what has become of Jack and his hunters after they had spilled blood.

How would affect the dynamics of the relationships in this scene? Why is it important that he is there?

If Piggy were to be removed from the scene, the emotional impact would lessen, as he is both a target for Jack’s aggression and a voice of reason supporting Ralph. Without Piggy, Ralph would be more isolated in his leadership, and Jack’s dominance might rise unchecked. The breaking of Piggy’s glasses, a key symbol of logic and civilization, would not occur, delaying the group’s descent into savagery. Piggy’s role emphasizes the conflict between order and chaos, making the scene far less powerful without him.

If Piggy was removed from the scene, the only one who would be angering Jack is Ralph, however we very well know that chances are Jack wouldn’t dare to take out his anger on Ralph and even if he did odds are it wouldn’t end up well for Jack, Hence if piggy wasn’t in this scene Jack wouldn’t have a way to release his anger and we as the readers wouldn’t have been able to see the violent side of him at play. Jack not being able to release his anger onto Piggy could also result in pent up fury in Jack on Ralph specifically which could result into something worse, so in a way Piggy was a stress relieving punching bag for Jack

If piggy was removed from this scene, the tension would be reduced as his dialogues are often unnecessary, stirring extra tension or anger from the situation due to his obliviousness. However, if piggy were removed, jack would not have a person lower in status to release his anger on after Ralph implied disappointment towards him which may lead to pent up hatred (which may lead to quicker turn to savagery) as jack respects Ralph enough to not result to violence towards him directly. Piggy’s character is essential to point out the obvious or using intellect which is a symbol of remaining sanity.

If Piggy was removed from the scene, Jack would not have had a target to push the blame to. Jack would have formed a grudge against Ralph, due to the humiliation he caused Jack to have. This could cause a change in plot where Jack continues to go against Ralph’s orders, despite Ralph’s role as the leader, and cause major disruptions to the boys’ escape strategy. Furthermore, I fear the tension between Jack and Ralph would build up and eventually, cause more ‘collateral damage’ to either the other boys or the island itself, which would inevitably cost their survival or escape from the island.

If Piggy was absent in the scene, the scene might be less tense because whatever piggy says is just adding up to what the other boys are saying, like “ I can’t see no smoke” and stating that Ralph and Simon did not hunt as well. Him saying that he could not see smoke only added more anxiety and made Ralph more anxious and him stating that Ralph and Simon did not hunt added up to the tension between the boys by pointing out that Jack is being mean to him only and discriminating him as even if there were some people that did hunt as well, he was the only one that did not get meat, and if Piggy was not being punched by Jack, Jack might have beaten up or punched someone else like Ralph or Simon, which will cause the relationship between the boys to be broken, as Jack punching Piggy is only because he is mad and Ralph but he does not dare to punch Ralph, and Piggy just said something that irritated him, and Piggy became the person that Jack could put his anger on.

Without the presence of Piggy in this scene, the hunters who are aware of the consequences of their action of putting out the fire but argues that they had their reasons as seen from how Jack says “We needed meat” due to them not wanting to lose face will not cause an act of violence as Piggy’s bitter complaints tears the hunters’ sense of dignity as Piggy’s complaints pointed out the hunters’ wrongdoings. I think there will also be a lack of sense of emotion, the desperation on how the boys could’ve been rescued and Ralph would not be able to argue back against the group of hunters.

The dynamics would be more violent between Ralph and Jack. Piggy was the one who was more mature among all the boys. Although nothing much would change between the story plot of piggy weren’t present, the tension would be more higher. In chapter 4, jack would take out his anger towards piggy which is what releases some of the tension between Ralph and Jack as the attention is directed to Piggy getting smacked ad his glasses breaking. Piggy is a character who balances out Ralph, the chief, the golden child, and Jack, the boy who soon gets corrupted. Piggy provided a sense of chivalry, even to Jack. I believe that if Piggy were not present in the story, the tension between jack and Ralph would be higher and the possibility of Jack returning back to being civil at the end of the story would bear less likely. Ralph would also not have someone got rely on during meetings for intellectual knowledge. Piggy was the only mature and intelligent boy, which helped Ralph in making smarter decisions. Without piggy, Ralph wouldn’t be able to handle situations like starting the fire and building the huts. The fire would also not be there without piggy glasses, hence the boys would not be able to ever get help because there wouldn’t be a fire as a signal.

1) if piggy was removed, they wouldn’t find one another so early as piggy was the one who teach Ralph how to use the conch. Eventually they would find one another but it will be after a very long time and by then the kid would probably died as they eat something poisonous or dehydration.

2) without piggy specs they wouldn’t have the fire, and the scene where Ralph got mad at jack for letting the fire out, it wouldn’t happen. And they will feel angry at themselves or push the blame to one another, as they cannot be notice by the ship resulting being unable to be rescued.

3) To be continued.

If Piggy were removed from the scene where he cries and Jack punches him, the emotional and sympathy impact would be lessened as. Piggy represents wisdom and his presence highlights the brutality of Jack’s actions and shows how far the group has descended into savagery. Without Piggy, there would be no morality to Jack’s violence, making the scene less powerful. His humiliation also deepens Ralph’s sense of isolation, as Piggy is one of his only supporters. The scene would lose its emotional weight and its strong message about the breakdown of order and the triumph of cruelty over reason. Piggy’s presence is essential in showing the collapse of civilization on the island.

If Piggy were removed from this scene, Jack wouldn’t have a vessel to take his anger out on as he punched Piggy. Although Ralph and Piggy along with some other boys were on the same page, both upset about the fire being let out, Jack took his anger from being humiliated out on Piggy instead of anyone else. Piggy’s dialogue although additional to what others say, drives the boys to reflect on their actions and think deeper. That links back to him being the symbol of wisdom. Although not respected, his words evokes a sense of thought in the boys in important scenes. Jack’s violence, physical and verbal, is mostly taken out on Piggy and ironically hunting the pig. If Piggy were removed, Jack would have more pent-up violence and bloodlust, his behaviour might be more aggressive and violent . The boys would furthermore, only acknowledge Ralph's statements without much of a thought, as although Ralph is respected, he is not quite as wise as Piggy. Hence Piggy is important in scenes, and without him Jack would be more violent and certain ideas may not get through to the boys.

If Piggy was removed from this scene, Ralph and Jack might not work together anymore and they might turn against each other. In the scene, Ralph and Jack were already in a disagreement that was slowly angering the both of them. This would have resulted in violence as Jack is a ruthless person and Ralph had no intentions to stop proving his point that Jack was in the wrong for letting the fire out if it wasn’t for Piggy to take the anger that Jack was holding in. With the way this scene might have played out if Piggy wasn’t around, Ralph and Jack wouldn’t see each other as friends anymore and they might even sabotage eachother in the future. This would affect the survival rate for the boys in the island as there would be lesser manpower for both Ralph’s side and Jack’s side and both sides would not only have to look out for the dangers of the island but they would also have to look out for eachother.

If Piggy were removed from this scene, we will not able to see the contrast that highlights how savage the other boys have become. Piggy represents logic, innocence, he had qualities that none of the other boys had. His presence allows us to compare him with the others and see just how far they have been chaotic. Piggy is unique: he is intelligent, physically different. However, the other boys do not value him and often bully or ignore him. This mistreatment unites them against a common target, which actually strengthens their group bond while isolating Piggy. His role is essential because he remains largely unchanged throughout the story. As the other boys lose their morality, Piggy becomes a constant reference point, showing us just how much the other boys had changed. His reactions to things help build tension, and even when the boys ignore him, sometimes their responses to him creates conflicts. Piggy helps maintain the balance between savagery and civilisation, he is always on Ralph’s side, savagery will take over more if he was not there. Ralph will be more isolated if Piggy is not there to support him and may not even be the leader, Jack will, since more people there will be like Jack.

1. If piggy were removed from this scene, there’s many different things that could happen and it is difficult to predict. One thing that could happen is Ralph keeps on repeating his point about Jack letting the fire out, which would make Jack angry, causing Ralph to be punched by Jack. The reason why Jack punched Piggy was probably because Jack sees Piggy as someone who is of a lower class than him, and does not respect Piggy. Piggy also kept on emphasising on the fact that Jack could have let the fire burning which is logical as they need the fire to signal to others. If Piggy weren’t there, Ralph and Simon could be influenced by Jack and his hunters and descend into savagery as Ralph doesn’t try as hard as Piggy to stand up for himself. The tension in this scene won’t be as tense as compared to when Piggy is in the scene.

2. Ralph would likely resent Jack more. If Piggy weren’t there to stand up for Ralph, Ralph would likely not stand up for himself either. He would have a lot of resentment towards Jack for not listening to his personal and important desire to be saved from the deserted island. Since Jack would probably not listen to him, Ralph would feel even more disrespected and unimportant. This could cause Ralph to pent up more anger and might do something drastic or descend into savagery as a result, which could create more tension between Jack and Ralph.

3. Piggy is important as his glasses are a symbol of wisdom, and he tries his best to stand up for Ralph. (1) When Jack smacked Piggy’s head and caused his glasses to fall, it elucidates the fact that Jack is very stubborn and blatantly ignores wisdom. This is important as it foreshadows how Jack and his hunters would continue to become even more savage and cause more damage to others and their environment. This is because their personal desire to hunt and kill will eventually overtake the importance of survival and getting back to their homeland safely. (2) Jack kept on talking about his hunting experience, despite feeling the gravity of Ralph’s words. Since Ralph was ignored, Piggy repeated what Ralph had said to try and emphasise the importance of Ralph’s words. Piggy is important for Ralph’s point to be brought across to everyone else so they would be more aware of what is going on now and the importance of keeping the fire alive so that they may have a chance to be saved. Without Piggy, Ralph would likely not stand up for himself, which may result in Jack and his hunters to continue with their savage activities without understanding the fact that they need to be saved.

If Piggy was removed from this scene, Jack would not have had a physical target for his anger after the missed opportunity to maintain the fire and signal the passing ship. Without Piggy to lash out at, Jack might have turned his aggression towards Ralph, potentially escalating into a more direct and damaging conflict between the two leaders. Piggy’s presence, as a frequent scapegoat and symbol of weakness in Jack’s eyes, provides Jack with an outlet for his frustration. When Jack punches Piggy in the stomach and mocks him, the tension of the moment is temporarily diffused. The hunters begin to laugh at Piggy’s humiliation “Piggy and the parody were so funny that the hunters began to laugh” which shifts the group’s mood and averts further confrontation. In comparison, before Jack mocked and made fun of piggy, the group is overwhelmed by the seriousness of their failure “One of the smaller hunters began to wail. The dismal truth was filtering through to everyone.” Piggy’s role is therefore crucial in this scene, his mistreatment not only reflects the growing cruelty among the boys but also broke then tension in that moment, preserving the fragile balance between Ralph and Jack for now.

If Piggy were absent from this scene, the emotional impact and foreshadowing of the theme of savagery would be less. When Jack punches Piggy and makes his glasses break, this makes the reader sympathetic for him, as he is quite soft compared to the other boys. Piggy also highlights how savage Jack and the hunters have become. Jack and his hunters are chanting repeatedly, “Kill the pig, slit her throat, spill her blood,” this shows how far they’ve come since they ran off to hunt. This heavily contrasts Piggy, who is still relatively tame and civilised. His glasses breaking is also representative of how civilisation and logic is losing its grasp over the boys, and foreshadowing the spiral into savagery that the boys eventually succumb to. In conclusion, Piggy gives a gauge to the reader how far into savagery and how beastly the boys have become, and without him, the contrast of the boys, how different they are from the start to where they are now might not be so apparent.

If Piggy was removed from this scene, the emotional dynamic between Ralph and Jack would disappear. As Piggy is the victim as the boy's emotional and physical punching bag, he provides a sense of relief and a target for the boys to blame when something goes wrong. Because Jack sees Piggy as a weaker person, Jack treats Piggy terribly. Without Piggy being there for Jack to 'punch' and for him to act out his violence, Jack, not having an outlet for his frustration, may suppress it. This can later lead to a worse conflict between him and Ralph. Additionally, if Jack did not punch Piggy, the tension in this scene would not diffuse. After Jack mocked Piggy, the hunters started laughing, disregarding the conflict as their attention is now shifted to Piggy’s humiliation. If Piggy was not in this scene, Jack would not have anyone to mock and to make fun of, so the hunters would not be laughing, and therefore the tension before this scene would still persist on. All of them would continue to let the seriousness of their consequences sink in as they relight the fire again, and Jack would not be as loud as he was compared to when Piggy is in the scene.

If Piggy were removed from the scene, the dynamics between the boys, especially between Ralph and Jack, would change heavily for the worse. Piggy serves as a kind of emotional scapegoat and buffer in their group. In this scene, Jack channels his frustration and anger toward Piggy, mocking and physically attacking him. This redirection of aggression, while cruel, temporarily diffuses the growing tension between Jack and Ralph. Without Piggy present, Jack would have no outlet for his hostility, increasing the likelihood of a direct confrontation with Ralph. This could escalate their disagreements into open conflict, breaking any remaining sense of cooperation. Piggy's absence would also eliminate the emotional distraction his humiliation provides for the other boys, especially the hunters. When Jack mocks Piggy, the boys laugh and momentarily forget the seriousness of the situation, such as the fire going out. Without Piggy to serve as that target, the tension would remain unresolved, making the atmosphere heavier and more hostile. Which can result in Jack and Ralph eventually fully turning against one another due to differing piorrities. They may sabotage each other’s efforts to survive. This split would weaken the group’s unity as a civilised group, less order, and lower their chances of survival, as energy would be spent not just battling each other. In short, Piggy's presence, though often undervalued by the boys, is crucial in holding together the boys and their differernces.

If Piggy was not present in the scene, Jack would have been even more agitated and that might lead into a more violent outburst. In the argument, after getting taunted by Piggy and others from not keeping the fire lit, Jack was shown to be quite angry and took his anger out on Piggy. Without Piggy being there acting as a kind of punching bag for Jack, he would be unable to take out his anger and thus maybe lead to a more violent confrontation during the argument, leading to the situation worsening. Secondly, if Piggy wasn’t present in the scene where they needed his glasses to light his fire, they wouldn’t have found an easy way to relight it, thus Ralph might blame Jack even more for letting the fire out as they might miss another ship passing by during that time. Lastly, if he wasn’t present in the scene where they were distributing the cooked meat around, not much would have changed, as he did not make much of an impact in that scene, only reminded Ralph and Simon that they did not take part in the hunt. Piggy served as a reminder of the contrast between the two opposing parties and the theme of the story, Ralph, Piggy and some others still being civilised while Jack and his choir being savages. With Piggy being absent, this difference will being even more highlighted due to a high chance of Jack becoming more violent during the confrontation.

If piggy were to not have been in the scene, Ralph would have easily accused jack of letting out the fire instead of piggy. Without Piggy, Ralph wouldn’t have had anyone to put the blame on. Ralph only chooses to accuse piggy of letting out the fire as he has lesser power than jack hence he is able to degrade him and transfer the humiliation to piggy instead

If we removed piggy from this scene, there would be less tension as jack wouldn’t have anyone to take his anger out on. This is kind of disturbing as piggy is always the first person to be bullied. When Ralph told jack about the ship, piggy “forgot his timidity in the agony of loss” which is uncharacteristic because he’s usually scared to speak up or yell at people. He is one of the more civilised person on this island. Without him, I feel like the tension would decrease as the fight wouldn’t have happened.

I believe that we are currently in the rising action and we are slowly approaching the climax, i say this as at this point in the story, tenser and tenser scenes keep occurring more and more often. This contribute to the narrative trajectory as it slowly gives the reader an idea of what to expect

• At what point of structural development are we at in the story?

We are at one of the mini climaxes that build up to the main climax in the story, there is a build up of tension and an overall development of the boys descent into savagery. The climax is brought back down with Ralph calling for a meeting, attempting to bring them back to reality, back to civilisation. It does temporarily work, but other mini climaxes follow to show that this is just one of the many build ups to the climax. This moment is small but a significant, it is also a rising point, where the boys slowly start to give in to their primal instincts, highlighting the loss of civilisation.

The tension, loss of civilisation as the boys descent into savagery and grow more violent build up to the main climax where they intentionally will try to hunt Ralph down.

• How does this scene contribute to the overall narrative trajectory?

This scene shows the boy’s first real step away from civilisation, by killing the pig, they grow more savage and violent. Highlighting the beginning of them straying from their moral compass, the repetition of the phrase ‘kill the pig, cut her throat, bash her in’ becomes a sort of ritualistic chant that subtly foreshadows that their violent, savage like behaviour will continue as they grow to do more than just killing a pig. This scene strengthens Jack’s position as a leader as the boys side with him, sharing an experience they can bond over. This foreshadows the point of the text when the boys gang up on Ralph. Hence, this scene highlights the boys descent into savagery as well as the power struggle of Ralph as Jack gains the favour of the boys, by sharing a common experience with them.

1. We are at the point where Ralph is slowly losing control of the whole lot of boys even though he is the chosen leaders, but now he only has one to two followers which are Piggy and Simon. Jack is slowly becoming the person who leads or controls all the boys by using threats and violence, this slowly shows that all the boys that is following Jack is being more savage and this might also mirror that Jack and his followers are slowly becoming more aggressive and animalistic.

2. This scene contributes by pointing out that the boys are being more savage, and also pointing out that the boys might do something extreme in the future under the lead of Jack, this scene also portrays that something might happen to piggy as Jack is becoming the more ‘favourable leader’ because Jack has always been quite mean to piggy and even discriminating him in some ways.

Wen Qing

We are currently at the rising action, approaching the climax of the story. Tensions are slowly building up as the boys begin to ignore and forget the rules and morals of civilisation. The disappearance of the boy with the mulberry birthmark, which was believed to have died in the fire, marks the first significant loss of innocence and foreshadows the growing violence among the group. This moment signals a turning point, as the boys shift from just cooperative survival to chaotic behaviour. Their increasingly savage behaviour also foreshadows that more of the worst events will happen, hints readers so they will have an idea what will happen but at the same time stays excited and curious. This scene builds suspense and highlights the conflict between civilisation and savagery. The words the boys said, and the actions they did, plays a part in building up tension.

1. We are at the rising actions in the story, slowly heading towards the climax. Jack and his hunters are becoming more noticeably savage as Jack conducts ceremonies, singing, dancing, and chanting very disturbing chants. Jack and his hunters also become more excited about hunting as there were intrusions into each other’s speeches when they were talking about how they were hunting for the pig. The fact that the speeches were constantly interrupted and layered onto each other emphasises the excitement that they were experiencing at that time. This is disturbing as they are children, who used to be innocent and are meant to be innocent, yet they are excited over hunting a pig. This abnormal behaviour of the children foreshadows how they would descend into savagery even more and have more disturbing behaviours, which would definitely be very much more tense than this scene.

2. This scene illustrates that the boys will grow to be more savage. This scene highlights the vast difference between the boys at the start of the story and them now. At the start of the story, the boys were brought together by Ralph’s leadership, rules, and survival skills (making a fire). These are all associated with civilisation. At this scene, Maurice breaks the silence by getting the boys to share more about how they found the pig and how they hunted for it. This elucidates the change in their personal desires as survival and getting out of the island seems very much less important than hunting pigs for meat and participating in savage ceremonies. It also foreshadows that they will become more savage as the story continues.

1. We are at the point where we are going to the climax. The boys on the island are clearly losing their sense of civilisation especially Jack and his hunters being desperate to kill for meat and chanting chants after doing so which shows that they do not have much thought after killing. Jack and Ralph which are portrayed as leaders of the boys has also had their second argument. In their first argument, Ralph wanted to prioritise building hunts for shelter however Jack wanted to hunt for meat, fortunately this ended with Ralph and Jack still having a liking for each other, however in their second disagreement Ralph was angry at Jack for not keeping the fire up as he was busy killing a pig. With the fact that they had 2 arguments which clearly showed the differences between Ralph and Jack foreshadows how future arguments between the both of them could easily start and they might end up in violence due to the constant lost in civilisation in the boys.

   
   

2. This scene contributes to overall narrative trajectory by showing the split between two sides of the boys. Ralph’s side is trying to be civilised while Jack’s side is becoming more savage. When Ralph was trying his hardest to keep the fire alive to attract a nearby ship he is held back by Jack and his hunters as they were busy killing a pig. This contrast between the both of them foreshadows how both Ralph and Jack will grow apart which will highly affect the survival rate of all of the boys on the island.

I think we are at a mini climax of the story. At this point of the story, an argument just went by and resolved, making it a kind of a short conclusion. This is a kind of a small foreshadowing of what is next to come. Ralph and Jack just had a quite a big argument, tensions are high and this reflects the current stage of the story, where the relationships are kind of breaking up, thus this acts as a mini climax as well as a small conclusion.

This scene contributes to the overall trajectory of the story by acting as a foreshadowing as well as a stark contrast and reminder for the 2 opposing themes of the story, being savagery and civilisation. This argument might be a foreshadowing as well as setting up the stage for the next major climax and disagreement in the story between Ralph and Jack, where things might be more tense and won’t be settled so easily. The argument also being a reminder of seeing how the characters have developed, starting with Ralph. Ralph was chosen as the leader as was the most respected among the people, but he seems to be losing authority as well as control over others, especially Jack and his hunters as r they ignore his orders multiple times, as well as Jack having a big argument with Jack. Jack’s character development can also be shown, him starting out from not being able to kill the pig till now him constantly hunting pigs and killing them without a second thought shows him becoming more savage and cruel as the story progresses.

I think we are currently in the rising action of the story, where tension and conflict are steadily escalating. This scene marks one of the key turning points in the boys' descent into savagery. The excitement and pride they feel after killing the pig reflect a major shift in their values and piorirties, from focusing on rescue and civilisation to embracing violence and primal instincts like hunting. The chant, “Kill the pig, cut her throat, spill her blood,” becomes a ritual like expression of this change, highlighting how a big group mentality is overpowering individual morality. This moment also strengthens Jack’s influence, drawing the boys closer to his leadership and further away from Ralph’s civilised order. As such, this scene contributes significantly to the overall narrative trajectory by illustrating the boys' moral decline and foreshadowing the chaos and brutality that will define the climax of the story.

In Chapter 4 of Lord of the Flies, the story reaches a critical point in its rising action as the boys begin to shift further from civilization toward savagery. Jack paints his face, symbolizing his growing detachment from societal norms, and leads a successful pig hunt, prioritizing primal instincts over rescue. Meanwhile, Roger’s restrained cruelty toward a littlun hints at the erosion of moral boundaries. Tension escalates when Jack’s hunters let the signal fire go out just as a ship passes by, missing a vital chance at rescue. Ralph’s anger over the lost opportunity deepens the conflict between him and Jack, marking the beginning of a power struggle that will define the rest of the novel.

through rising action as the boys' initial attempts at civilization begin to unravel. A key scene that contributes to this trajectory is when Jack allows the signal fire to go out while he and the hunters are preoccupied with killing a pig. it highlights Jack's growing obsession with savagery and power, while Ralph’s authority and focus on rescue begin to weaken. The conflict between order and chaos becomes more pronounced, foreshadowing the deeper descent into violence. This scene deepens the central tension of the novel and propels the story toward its darker developments.

By the end of Chapter 4 in Lord of the Flies, the story is firmly in the rising action phase of its narrative structure. The exposition in Chapter 1 introduced the boys, the island setting, and their initial attempts at establishing order with Ralph elected as chief. As the story progresses through Chapters 2 to 4, tensions begin to mount, especially between Ralph, who represents order and the hope of rescue, and Jack, who becomes increasingly obsessed with hunting and power. Chapter 4 marks a crucial turning point in the story’s development. When Jack and his hunters let the signal fire go out in favor of hunting a pig, they miss a potential chance at rescue, leading to a heated confrontation between Ralph and Jack. This scene is significant because it signals the beginning of the breakdown of structured society on the island and the growing divide between the values of civilization and savagery. Jack’s violent reaction and his dismissal of Ralph’s authority reveal his shift toward primal instincts and foreshadow the eventual collapse of order. This moment not only intensifies the conflict between the two leaders but also marks a deeper change in the boys’ priorities, as survival and power begin to take precedence over cooperation and rescue. As such, this scene contributes heavily to the overall narrative trajectory by accelerating the descent into chaos

I feel like this scene is in the rising action, where things are starting to get more serious. The boys seem really proud after killing the pig, which shows they’re starting to care more about hunting than getting rescued. Their chant feels creepy, almost like a ritual, and it shows how they’re being influenced by the group. Jack is gaining more control, and the boys are slowly turning away from Ralph. It’s a sign that things are going to get worse later on.

In Chapter 4 of Lord of the Flies, we’re at the rising action of the story, moving from the boys’ initial attempts at order into a deeper descent into savagery. One of the scene contributes to the overall narrative trajectory by showing us how fragile their civilization really is. The moment when Jack lets the fire go out in favor of hunting is key, it’s not just about a missed rescue opportunity, but also about priorities shifting from survival and rescue to power and primal instincts. The painted faces, the chant, and the thrill of the hunt all suggest that the boys are beginning to abandon the rules and structures of the world they once knew. So tensions are building, and the conflict between Ralph and Jack is becoming clearer, pushing the story toward its eventual climax. It’s the moment where we see a real crack form in their fragile society.

the id, ego, and superego.

Task 1: watch the following video explaining what the id, ego, and superego is.

https://www.google.com/search?q=id+ego+superego&rlz=1C1CHBF_enSG1093SG1093&oq=id+ego+su&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDAgAEAAYQxiABBiKBTIMCAAQABhDGIAEGIoFMgYIARBFGDkyBwgCEAAYgAQyBwgDEAAYgAQyBwgEEAAYgAQyBwgFEAAYgAQyBwgGEAAYgAQyBwgHEAAYgAQyBwgIEAAYgAQyBwgJEAAYgATSAQgyMjAwajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:ea3a1edf,vid:bo_AXAqiK0E,st:0

Talk to the people next to you/around you about how each of these agents manifest in our daily lives. How much of the id are we? How much ego, and how much super ego?

Task 2: Relate what you've just learnt about this psychic negotiation to the characters we've studied for LOTF. When our characters behave, which aspect of mind most prominently guides their behaviour? Is such behavioural performance static for each character--or is there some kind of change (read: is there character development--if so, what is the development?)?

Jack most prominently represents the id, the part of the mind driven by primal instincts and the desire for immediate gratification without concern for rules or morality. His aggressive behavior, obsession with hunting, and eventual descent into savagery reflect his rejection of societal order in favor of satisfying his impulses. Jack thrives on power, dominance, and violence, indulging in tribal rituals and bloodlust, which highlight his instinctual and emotional drives. Unlike Ralph, who represents the ego, and Piggy, who symbolizes the superego, Jack embodies the raw, unchecked instincts of the human psyche.

I’d say that out of all the characters, Jack Meridew represents ID the most out of all the characters. Firstly his desperation to be the leader shows his ID in control as this shows his need for dominance even if it isn’t the best option for everyone. Another example is how he has impulsive behaviours such as being obsessed with hunting and only doing that despite that not being the most useful thing to the others, showing that he only cares for what his mind wants to do disregarding the concerns of the others showing his ID at play once again. His descent into savagery also shows his ID, his impulsive behaviour resulted in the death of Simon and piggy(who are interestingly the 2 best examples of super egos in the story). His actions are guided by instinct and emotions rather than reason or conscience

For Jack, his id most prominently guides his behaviour because whenever he wants something, or craves something he will do anything to get it. For example, when Jack wanted meat, he will run away from the group and neglect what he was supposed to do which is to build huts. He also caused everyone to lose the chance of going home as he went hunting heheh he was supposed to keep the fire burning and look out for ships passing by. This shows that he is driven by his cravings. Jack also bullied Piggy just because he did not like him and later killed piggy too. He not just bullied verbally but also punched piggy, unafraid of consequences as compared to the other boys who are still afraid of getting punished. Jack has also became more animalistic when he was stranded on the island.

We are developing our study on Jack’s Id

- At the start of the story, we see his hesitation in killing the pig from the phrase “there came a pause, a hiatus” in chapter 1, it amplifies Jack’s unwillingness to make his first kill , showing he still has some morality in him. However, later on in chapter 4, we see his success in killing the pig which foreshadows his lack or morality. The phrase “Kill the pig.Cut her throat.Spill her blood” illustrates his desire of preying on the weak. The continuous use of the word “her” to label the pig despite not knowing its gender, portrays the reality that women are typically considered as “weak” hence jack does not feel any sense of shame when labelling the pig as a “women”. Thus, his ID exaggerates his need to satisfy his sexual desires seeing as there is no women on the island, leading to him finding an alternative , which is the pig.

We’re at the rising action of the story as we see Jack having influence over his choir boys to kill the pig, and we get a glimpse of their inhumane behaviour that will develop further throughout the story. Being proud that they have discarded a life, also due to their desire to please the ‘older boy’, and the consequence of this blind faith has already led to them not being rescued by the ship earlier, much to the displeasure of Ralph. This suggests their blind faith in Jack to do what’s ‘right’ rather than decide for themselves, which foreshadows the impact it would have on the other boys on the island, and the loyalty of the little ‘uns towards Ralph.

Out of all the characters, i think Jack strongly embodies the id, the part of the psyche driven by instinct, desire, and impulse. His constant craving for power and dominance, shown through his desperation to be leader, reveals how his actions are ruled by raw desire rather than reason. This is also evident in his obsession with hunting, he abandons responsibilities like keeping the signal fire going, choosing instead to satisfy his personal hunger for meat and thrill. His impulsiveness directly results in the group's missed opportunity for rescue, showing how his cravings override the group's well-being.

Jack's violent tendencies further highlight the dominance of his id. He bullies Piggy relentlessly, without any fear of consequence. Unlike some of the other boys, who still retain some fear of punishment or guilt. Eventually, his descent into savagery leads to the deaths of Piggy, who also happen to represents the superego, the voice of morality and conscience. By the end of the story, Jack behaves more like a wild animal than a boy, driven almost entirely by instinct, emotion, and unchecked desire.

Ralph is mostly guided by the Ego, the part of the mind that tries to balance basic wants and the sense of right and wrong. At the start, Ralph believes in rules, teamwork, and being rescued, so he tries to lead the boys in an organized way. He wants to build shelters and keep the signal fire going to catch attention to be rescued, showing his focus on long term goals and responsibility. As the story goes on, things start to fall apart. The other boys begin to care more about fun and hunting than rules, and Ralph finds it harder to keep control. He starts to feel confused and frustrated because he wants to do what’s right, but fewer boys are listening to him, more of them are becoming more savage. This shows that Ralph is changing, he is still trying to lead with reason, but he’s starting to see that keeping order is not easy when others follow their wild side, and each have their own way of doing things.

I believe that Jack is ego-driven at the very start of the book while containing a certain amount of superego left as Jack is a leader who is disciplined and have authority of the choirboys. When Ralph is voted as the leader, he respects the rules under Ralph’s leadership. His superego is seen in when he fails to kill a piglet, hesitating due him being used to being civilised. But from this action, it can be seen that id is present but suppressed, like how he wants leadership over Ralph but contains it.

When Jack agrees to rules and the importance of a signal fire, but his focus shifts to hunting, it shows that he still has ego but his id side is gradually being prioritised while his superego side is being put away.

Id is seen gaining power in Jack as he becomes obsessed with hunting and starts to care less about surviving and getting rescued, the absence of superego is shown as he does not cooperate with Ralph’s leadership and even dismissed the importance of what Ralph is focusing on, building shelters in their conflict. The overtake of id in Jack is further seen in him painting his face, symbolising an abandon of identity and morality and him and the hunters let the signal fire die, missing a possible rescue opportunity because they are focused on a successful pig hunt. He also becomes violent as he hits Piggy.

Jack is mainly guided by id. He represents impulse, savagery and desire for power. When the boys were deciding who to be chief, Jack said arrogantly that he ‘ought to be chief’. This seems as if Jack thinks it is obvious that he is most suitable to lead others and likes to boast about himself, which demonstrates how much he desires to be powerful. When Jack wanted to light the fire, he wanted to use Piggy’s glasses as ‘burning glasses’. Piggy kept on refusing but Jack did not care about his feelings and just ‘snatched the glasses off his face’. Jack likely does not respect others and just wants to get his way, which shows that he does things on impulse. When Jack first went to hunt for a pig, he was behaving like an animal as he was ‘bent double’ and ‘dog-like, uncomfortably on all fours’. This is definitely not how a normal and sane human being should behave no matter how desperate they are for something, and the fact that Jack is behaving so irrationally and so desperately to kill the pig highlights the fact that he prioritises immediate pleasure over reason or mortality. This shows how Jack turned animalistic as he behaves wildly and insanely, which foreshadows his further descend into savagery further in the story.

Jack’s behaviour is guided prominently by Id. He relies on instinct to do things and doesn’t think before he act. An example of this is when Jack doesn’t hear out piggy’s opinion and is quick to act without a plan. He often tries his best to act like a leader just to get what he wants which shows that he does not think twice whether what he is doing is right or wrong. This is a clear showcase of the constituent agent id. Additionally, when Jack manages to get what he wants he would show it off without feeling guilty, regretting or thinking about what he just did and when Jack finds an opportunity to get what he desires he will do his best to get it done or try his best to find another opportunity.

The boys in the book are driven by different parts of the human psyche. Jack is driven by Id. The wild, impulsive part of the mind that wants what it wants right now, an example being when he acts on impulse, like hunting, violence and power. he has an obsession with pleasure in killing the pig and doesn’t care about rules or rescue. On the other hand, Piggy represents Superego, the voice of conscience, rules and guilt. He is always logical and follows the rules, aiming to maintain order and civilisation, he keeps the group grounded telling them right from wrong. While Ralph represents Ego, he tries to balance the needs of all, trying to have fun in socially acceptable ways. He wants to have fun but also wants to be rescued. His way of trying to balance the id and superego is his way of leading fairly and practically.

The characters in the story are mostly driven by the id, while some are driven by the superego. There is also character development from the start of the story to now. At the start of the story, the characters were driven by the ego and superego, as we can see that the characters were still quite sane and acting normally. They just recently left civilisation, so they were still not violent and following rules. However, as the time they spent on the island increases, the superego weakens, seeing that Jack is becoming more and more violent and cruel as the story progresses. At the start of the story, Jack was willing to follow Ralph’s rules, as well as him being too scared to kill the pig. However, at the current point of the story, he able to kill pigs without a second thought. This shows that he is acting purely on his id, as we can see his desire for bloodlust and violence for his own personal benefits. The other kids also has been getting more ruthless, acting on their pleasure instinct and declining moral standards. However, this is not the case of everyone. Piggy, on the other hand, is still in control and under the influence of the superego. Even after spending quite an amount of time on the island., he is still thinking logically rather than acting on primal instincts. He also retains his moral standards and conscience, not willing to harm others as well as willingly following Ralph rules. This shows that the influence of the id and superego differences from person to person. On one hand, we have Jack and his hunters, who ignored the superego completely and losing their conscience, being violent to everyone who gets in their way as they are acting on primal instincts to satisfy their desire of bloodlust and greed, and a thirst for power. On the other hand, Ralph, Piggy and some of other other boys still has control of themselves, thinking rationally and having hope to escape. They are able to stick to their beliefs and conscience.

Task 1: Write an introduction to the question.

Task 2: Build a body paragraph in response to the question using PEEL.

Do you like the imagery in the poem? Why or why not?

I like the imagery in the poem on how the writer describes her burdens though the red tulips. Stanza 6 describes how the feeling of being alive, knowing how the writer is still alive is a burden that she has. The red tulips symbolise life like blood, which “hurts me” as the writer states because knowing how they’re still alive is suffering to her. the gift wrapper that the tulips were packed in shows how the writer is surrounded by loved ones who care deeply about her, yet she found that burdening since she could not leave the world without hurting others with her death. This can be seen by how she describes the the tulips in the wrapping “like an awful baby”, which emphasises the tiredness of having to be there for her loved ones even tho it takes a toll on her. coming to the end of the stanza, it becomes slightly more disturbing as she compares her wounds to the red tulips, how they weigh her down and upset her. It reflects how all humans have their own burdens that weigh us down, making the poem seem more relatable, especially to those who are struggling out there. the quote “A dozen red lead sinkers round my neck” expresses how the wounds and burdens the writer has is suffocating her, making her want to escape from her burdens, needing to be there for her family, and how she wishes to be free on her own. The way the writer describes her burdens through a single flower shows us how contradictory life can be like a flower, just as beautiful and just as painful, making the poem bittersweet to read.

Yes, I like the imagery in Tulips because it helps me picture how the speaker feels. The white hospital room is calm and quiet, which shows how she wants to rest and be free from everything. But the tulips are bright red and described as loud and heavy, which makes them feel like a disturbance. They seem alive, almost like they’re watching her and forcing her to feel things she wants to avoid. These images make it easier to understand her struggle between wanting peace and being reminded of life.

I don’t really like the imagery in Tulips because it feels too heavy and emotionally intense. The way Sylvia Plath describes the tulips as if they’re watching her or breathing makes the poem feel strange and uncomfortable. Instead of helping me understand how she feels, the imagery sometimes makes things more confusing or dramatic than they need to be. I get that she’s trying to show the conflict between peace and being alive, but the symbols feel too complicated and abstract. For me, it’s hard to connect with the poem emotionally because the descriptions feel more overwhelming than meaningful.

Yes, we do. The use of visual imagery is seen in ‘look how white everything is’, which highlights the lack of liveliness and how draining the environment must seem to a normal person, having to see the same colour, white, again and again. It can be further noticed when the poem mentions ‘I have nothing to do with explosions’ which illustrates that the people around the writer are constantly wary of the writer, due to being unsure of the her next reaction, whether it would be flailing her arms out of anger or fear or would she react neutrally. Similar to explosions, there contains the uncertainty of when they would occur and whether it would be drastic which could possibly cause harm to those around. Hence, this use of imagery is effective and can convey the sickness that the writer may be facing to have to experience such a lonesome and dull environment with people repeatedly being on edge around her.

I do like the imagery in the poem as the author uses strong sensory details to engage to evoke the speaker's emotional state.The imagery also shows me the feeling of the author which is very complex, complex about life and death. The poem associates the red tulips with her own wound and her heart, blurring the lines between the external world of the flowers and her internal physical and emotional state. This blurring suggests that the pain she experiences is both physical and psychologically. And for example, the tulips are described as "eating" the speaker’s oxygen and acting as "red lead sinkers," highlighting their oppressive and suffocating presence. The speaker also describes the "white walls, white caps, white lids," creating a sense of sterility and detachment.

I like the imagery in this poem as it is vivid, emotional and deeply symbolic. In the poem, Sylvia Plath juxtaposes the symbolism of the white hospital room with bright red tulips. The white hospital is the visual imagery that represents peace and detachment from the world, which is further supported by the mention of “I am nobody; I have nothing to do with explosions”, where explosions are referred to passion and life. This phrase also emphasises Sylvia Plath’s desire to disappear from the overwhelming reality of life. On the other hand, the bright red tulips represents the image of blood and vitality, symbolising the energy of the outside world, which was what Sylvia Plath was trying to escape from. This is also highlighted by, “I am aware of my heart: it opens and closes” which suggests that the tulips Sylvia Plath encounters is life itself, where life forces her to live through all the love and pain. Overall, I like this poem because it feels personal and highlights about the reality of one’s day to day life as someone who is staying in a hospital. Thus, this poem also serves as a reminder to me that I should be more empathetic towards people facing similar situations like Sylvia Plath too.

I like the imagery in this poem. I like how she uses colour imagery. In the poem she uses white to convey peacefulness, and a sense of detachment. On the other hand the colour red is a violent contrast to white. She feels that white is calm and quiet while red is vibrant and alive, she wants to stay in white but the red won’t leave her alone. The white symbolises the life she wants, and how she wants to feel while the red symbolises the life she has that is loud and vivid and won’t leave her be. There is a stark contrast between the two colours. This contrast helps to visualise her emotions.

Yes I do like the imagery in this poem. In the poem the speaker emphasises on how the tulips are standing out in the white room and the imagery used to express it are showing how the tulips are supposedly taking her away from freedom although they are symbols of beauty and gentleness which corresponds to peace and freedom. From the poem, it is said that the tulips ‘are too red in the first place, they hurt me’ The colour red symbolises violence which is contrasting to the fact that they are tulips symbolising beauty and gentleness. The colour red is said to be ‘hurting her’ giving her stress, like it is forcing her to do something that she does not want to do, which does not make sense as tulips are supposed to make her happy and allow to to feel calm and free from her worries. This imagery makes the readers confused and allow them to go with their imagination of trying to understand what the poem is trying to say.

I like the imagery in the poem. Firstly, Sylvia Plath turned tulips into a complex emotional symbol. ‘Their redness talks to my wound, it corresponds’ shows that tulips symbolise the burdens in life as the tulips are personified as something that hurts her. Tulips represent the emotional chaos of life and their presence makes her unable to detach from them. Tulips are unwanted reminders of her real life. Secondly, the poem reflects her inner psychological conflict in physical surroundings. Sylvia describes her body as ‘a pebble. It is warm like a body.’ She sees herself as a non-living thing, something that is disconnected from her body, but when she sees the tulips, she is reminded of the present moment. This creates tension between numbness and sensation or between death and life, which is described through visual and sensory imagery.

Yes I do like the imagery in this poem even though it causes some discomfort. The poet writes, “The tulips are too red in the first place, it hurt me,” and “Their redness talks to my wound, it corresponds.”The vivid imagery of the red tulips symbolises blood, pain, and emotional disturbance. The words “too red” suggests that the flowers are unnaturally bright, overwhelming and violent to her. The word “hurt” makes the color feel physically painful, and the redness is later directly compared to a wound. This creates a strong connection between the tulips and bleeding or injury, showing how its presence disturbs her fragile emotional state. The quiet and peaceful hospital room makes her feel free and detached from the world and her stresses, but when the tulips comes in, it took away the peaceful tone of the poem and the peaceful feelings inside the poet at first. She never wanted this, she never had asked for any of this pain, she feel’s trapped. The red tulip is threatening her and reminds her of her painful life in reality. The red colour corresponds to her inner wounds, both physical and psychological, which makes the imagery deeply intense and emotional. Therefore, I liked the imagery because it effectively symbolises the poet’s emotional pain by making the tulips a powerful symbol of inner suffering. One red tulip and is enough to tell her whole life and a lot of her emotions that people don’t feel and understood her. I feel this poem very powerful.

Yes, I do like the imagery used in the poem. The imagery used is able to express the pain and really emphasise the disturbing nature of the poet, Sylvia Plath’s emotions. With contextual knowledge that Sylvia was undergoing surgery and felt freedom from life, only to be reeled back in by the tulips, this poem is a spectacular view into her thought and emotions. ‘Their redness talks to my wounds, it corresponds’ refers to how the tulips represent the burdens and expectations of life, of reality outside the hospital. Another notable piece of imagery is how the poet describes ‘The nurses pass and pass, they are no trouble, They pass the way gulls pass inland in their white caps,

Doing things with their hands, one just the same as another, So it is impossible to tell how many they are’. This shows that the poet’s surroundings and people around her, especially the nurses, are indistinguishable and monotonous, which could also be a reflection of normal everyday life, passing by people every day, just another background character.

I like the imagery in this poem, as the writer’s feelings and impressions are expressed clearly and powerfully through the imagery used. The writer uses visual imagery such as “green plastic-pillowed trolley,” which gives readers a picture of a sterilised, depersonalised hospital environment, and “my patent leather overnight case like a black pillbox,” which shows how her personal belongings have been reduced to something cold and clinical. Both of these images reflect the writer’s impression of the hospital as foreign and unfamiliar, evoking an uncomfortable feeling of being out of place. They also show her emotional detachment and how she is stripped of her identity and connections to the outside world. I also like the contrast between peace and pain. For example, the white hospital room feels quiet and calm, but also cold and empty, which shows the speaker’s desire to escape from the world. In contrast, the tulips are described as too red and loud, almost like they are alive and disturbing her peace. This makes the tulips feel threatening instead of beautiful. The imagery helps to express the speaker’s inner struggle and makes the poem more emotional and impactful.

I find the imagery used in “tulips” to be disturbing but it showed very deep emotions the speaker must have felt. In the poem, “I am learning peacefulness, lying by myself quietly / As the light lies on these white walls, this bed, these hands.” This sets the lonely mood of the poem at the start, this empathises the detachment of life the speaker is feeling when recovering from a medical procedure at a hospital. The imagery of the “white walls, this bed, these hands” shows us that the speaker is feeling isolated from the world and “white” suggests that she is slowly forgetting her past and identity. However, the diction of “peacefulness” and “light” shows that she is at ease with the situation and doesn’t seem to be bothered to do anything about her isolation from life.

Another imagery that I found very interesting was “ The tulips were too red, they hurt me”. “Red” symbolises the pain the speaker is feeling as she sees the tulips which gifted to her by her family, emphasising the dread she felt to return back to her responsibilities as a wife and a mother. Therefore, It feels a bit unsettling because the speaker is rejecting her life and her family and rather be forgotten and left alone to herself.

As you read, pay particular attention to the sound and rhythm of the poem. How would you describe the aural effects produced by the poem? And to what (thematic) ends do these effects seek to achieve?

Also pay attention to the use of tense in the poem. e e cumming's use of tense is apposite--why does his use of tense matter in this poem?

Your task today is to work out the themes, tone, and subject matter of this poem. In pairs or in your group, write a paragraph addressing these points.

In “anyone lived in a pretty how town,” strikingly presents the relationship between anyone and noone through symbolism, repetition, and contrast. The names “anyone” and “noone” themselves are symbolic, suggesting that their love represents a universal but unnoticed connection. Despite being overlooked by the townspeople, their bond is shown to be deep and genuine, as seen in the line “she laughed his joy she cried his grief,” expressing emotional unity. He contrasts their love with the indifference of others through parallel structure, such as “Women and men (both little and small) cared for anyone not at all,” highlighting the coldness of society. Repetition of natural cycles like “spring summer autumn winter” and “sun moon stars rain” reinforces the passage of time and shows how their love quietly persists through life and death. Through these devices, the poem portrays a relationship that is both quietly beautiful and enduring, standing out in a world that fails to notice it.

Relationships are gentle. In “anyone lived in a pretty how town,” strikingly presents the quiet but deep love between anyone and noone through symbolism, repetition, and contrast. Their names are symbolic, showing how their relationship could belong to anyone and often goes unnoticed, just like many quiet loves in real life. While the townspeople live routine, emotionless lives “cared for anyone not at all” noone and anyone share a bond filled with understanding, as seen in the line “she laughed his joy she cried his grief.” Repetition of natural cycles like “spring summer autumn winter” and “sun moon stars rain” reflects how their love grows gently and lasts through time. The poet unique wordplay and soft rhythm emphasize how even the simplest, unnoticed relationships can carry the deepest emotions.

The poem depicts a town where people are focused on their routines, symbolises by “sowing their isn’t and reaping their same” where sowing and reaping could be talking about people busy planting and harvesting their gains for a living. This contrasts with noone and anyone’s relationship as it lacks feelings and the society is too uniform in how they live a life until as if they are robots which is again, emotionless.

The society being emotionless can be backed by how quickly people moved on from noone and anyone’s passing from “reaped their sowing and went their came” where people returned to work after their death, relationships is no as important as work in the town.

Poet strikingly present relationships by generalising romance as something everyone faces. He starts of by sharing his own experience, ‘they sowed their isn’t they reaped their same’ highlights how even from young, they stuck together to the hip to accomplish everything. The use of alliteration can be seen from ‘sowed’ and ‘same’ which allows me to elaborate that the poet wants the phrase to be remembered, and it is also memorable so as to amplify that even when they started off alone, they will always be brought back together in the end, no matter how long it would take to do so.

Furthermore, ‘she laughed his joy she cried his grief’ illustrates the emotional attachment they have with each other and are connected in ways that are more than just physically. Generally speaking, anyone can share your happiness and laughter but two individuals could only share each other’s pain when they have truly understand and stood by them the whole time, which could be seen between anyone and no one.  Moreover, the lack of an expected comma between ‘joy’ and ‘she’ exemplifies the eagerness of the poet to share more about his love and what experiences they have shared together. Additionally, the immediate contrast between ‘laughed his joy’ and ‘cried his grief’ provides us the realisation that it does not matter the circumstances, she stuck by him the entire time and no mentions of her being annoyed were mentioned, showcasing her sincerity and love she obtains.

Therefore, the poet has expressed that there is no need for there to be a specific event or occasion for a relationship to develop. The vital thing needed is sincerity and time, for a a relationship to progress and move forward and that is when the realisation that you are in love starts to blossom and bloom.

Because this is an introductory course, many of the students in the class last did lit in sec 2 or sec 4. The skills I cover map heavily into what you and I are doing in class.

It's an online class running 7-10pm tonight, so if you want, you're more than welcome to join me. I'll drop the link to joining the class later in a comment below.

To get the most out of this class, you might want to read two short stories ahead of the lecture. I'll be analysing "how it feels to be coloured me" by zola Hurston and "mediations 17" by John donne with my class later.

This is purely supplementary - you don't have to come if you don't want to!!​