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      <title>My fierce wall by ALLEN MACHOLTZ</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t</link>
      <description>Made with panache</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2018-10-25 11:45:01 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-05-11 03:21:28 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Exclusionary Rule</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296873358</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>If evidence legally obtained, or violates the constitution, then it cannot be used in a court of law. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-25 11:47:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296873358</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Establishment clause</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296875091</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>congress may not establish any kind of official religion, or anything that would force any kind of religious value in government. Congress may not favor any religion over another. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-25 11:52:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296875091</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Due Process</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296877488</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A legal right that the state must recognize the rights of an accused person. Balances the power of the law and protects individuals from violation.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-25 11:58:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296877488</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Double Jeopardy</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296878387</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Someone cannot be tried for the same case twice or on the same facts. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-25 12:01:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296878387</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Speech Plus</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296880519</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The demonstration of something plus the speech behind it. This can be protected under the 1st amendment so long as it does not pose a threat to people around them. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-25 12:07:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296880519</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Suspect classification</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296883426</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Any group of people who are thought to be the subject of discrimination. They will receive closer scrutiny in court under the Equal protection claim. Also any court that may be suspect to discrimination. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-25 12:15:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/296883426</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>De Jure Segregation</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297331395</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Refers to the Legal separation of people. Basically this is Jim Crow.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 11:37:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297331395</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Probable cause</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297332956</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Police and other law enforcement must have a reason to search, and no searches can be conducted without this.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 11:43:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297332956</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bakke case </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297333977</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1978 court case that states that it is unconstitutional to have quotas for minorities in universities. However affirmative action may be used to get more minorities in universities. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 11:47:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297333977</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Symbolic speech</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297334754</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Speech that is not always verbal, but this includes sit-ins and demonstrations. The only thing that would stop this is if there is proof in court of law that the message incites violence of opposition. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 11:50:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297334754</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Incorporation Doctrine</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297336298</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The incorporation of the Bill of Rights and the 14th amendment were applied to the states.  </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 11:56:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297336298</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Engle v. Vitale</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297337797</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This court case dissolves religion being in school, as in they do not have to practice one religion. i.e. teachers cannot lead a school prayer though prayer is still allowed. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:01:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297337797</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Brown v. Board</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297338637</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Outlaws segregation in schools. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:03:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297338637</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Miranda v. Arizona</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297339428</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>All law enforcement must inform the suspect of a crime of his right to consult an attorney and or remain silent in an interrogation. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:06:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297339428</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Equal protection</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297341213</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>No court may deny anybody of equal protection under the law. part of the 14th amendment. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:11:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297341213</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mapp v. Ohio </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297342810</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Any evidence that is obtained in violation of the 4th amendment cannot be used in court. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:16:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297342810</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Literacy test </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297343734</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>These are tests that check to see if you can read, but they were used during Jim Crow to prevent black people from voting.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:18:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297343734</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Affirmative Action</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297344379</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A system that makes it so that minorities can get ahead to compete with white people. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:20:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297344379</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jim Crow</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297346124</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This started with pleasey v. Ferguson which stated that encouraged segregation and said it was constitutional because it is sperate, but it is equal. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-26 12:24:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297346124</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>civil rights act of 1964</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297761296</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Outlaws any kind of discrimination. cannot discriminate because of color, sex, religion, or nationality.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:18:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297761296</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Roe v. Wade</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297761662</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Court case that says that abortions are legal. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:22:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297761662</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Dred Scott</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297762004</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>court case that ruled that black people are not citizens free or not and cannot sue in court. Congress also cannot ban slavery in U.S. territories. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:25:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297762004</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Plessy v. Ferguson</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297762330</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Court case that says separate but equal is constitutional and the South can have Jim Crow laws. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:28:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297762330</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Gideon v. Wainright</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297762677</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The courts must provide a witness for an accused person who cannot afford one. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:31:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297762677</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rational basis test</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763032</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>When the supreme court makes decisions for a court case they must take certain things into consideration such as, equal protection or the 14th amendment. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:34:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763032</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Free exercise clause</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763259</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>accompanies the first amendment of the constitution, protecting demonstrations or exercising of free speech. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:36:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763259</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Prior restraint</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763552</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Limits free speech if the government deems that is harmful. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:38:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763552</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Lemon v. Kurtzman</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763752</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The government is not allowed to fund private-religious schools because it violates the establishment clause of the 1st amendment of the constitution</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:40:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297763752</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1st amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764251</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>One of the original restrictions on the federal government that states that congress shall not make any law that would take away the public's right to speak freely. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:44:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764251</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2nd amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764363</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The government cannot take away the arms of the people because it will ensure that our country will stay free. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:46:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764363</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>4th amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764524</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>restriction on the government that states that the federal government may not search or seize any private property without probable cause. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:47:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764524</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>De facto segregation </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764746</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>racial segregation that happens by fact rather than by law. for instance, a black neighborhood makes a school, but in turn it is all black. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:50:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297764746</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>5th amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297765175</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>These are the rights of the accused peoples, but these can be modified in times of war. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:53:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297765175</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Korematsu v. U.S. </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297765376</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>court case that reviewed if putting Japanese people into internment camps was constitutional even in a time of war regardless of their citizenship. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:55:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297765376</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>6th amendment </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297765690</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The right to a speedy public trial with an unbiased jury and the accused must be told what the charges are. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 15:58:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297765690</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>seditious speech</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297766108</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>speech that has the intent to overthrow the government and attacking basic institutions of the government or criminalizing people in office. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:00:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297766108</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>7th amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297766736</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>No double jeopardy and so long as the case exceeds 20 dollars a jury will be allowed. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:05:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297766736</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>8th amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297767321</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>no cruel or unusual punishments and no jacking the fines or bails up. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:09:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297767321</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>14th amendment</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297767584</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>grants citizenship and voting rights to anybody regardless of ethnic backround</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:11:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297767584</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>slander/libel</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297768088</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>slander is when someone's character has been defamed verbally, and libel is when someone has been defamed in a written form. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:15:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297768088</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>defamatory speech </title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297768267</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>speech that is aimed at defaming someone's character. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:16:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297768267</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>nazis v. skokie</title>
         <author>20amacholtz</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297768484</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>It is legal for the swastika to be flown as a demonstration and does not count as a violent act. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-10-28 16:18:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/20amacholtz/nkhxcy4mss9t/wish/297768484</guid>
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