1940s Timline by Mrs. McNeirney https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw How historical and cultural events affected the writing of The Catcher in the Rye en-us 2018-01-12 16:49:59 UTC 2018-01-24 21:54:19 UTC hello@padlet.com 1940 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221043650 *Population grew at the smallest rate ever as a result of the boys being away at war. Furthermore, we just came out of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, two catastrophic events. Research shows that when a population is under economic stress there are less births, and obviously when men are away at war there are less births.
*Pal Joey released. It was a play about a seedy character who worked in a nightclub and was having an affair with an older woman while taking advantage of a young girl simultaneously.
* Fantasia by Disney released. Disney animators set pictures to Western classical music. "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" features Mickey Mouse as an aspiring magician who oversteps his limits. "Night on Bald Mountain" and "Ave Maria" set the forces of darkness and light against each other as a devilish revel is interrupted by the coming of a new day.
*Pinnochio Pinocchio becomes a real boy who has Jiminy Cricket as his conscious. This is failed endeavor and Pinocchio ends up getting in a lot of trouble.
The Grapes of Wrath released. Tom Joad and his family are forced from their farm in the Depression-era Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The end of The Grapes of Wrath is among the most memorable concluding chapters in American literature. Tom continues the legacy of Jim Casy. Recognizing the truth in the teachings of the Christ-like Casy, Tom realizes that a person’s highest calling is to put him- or herself in the service of the collective good. As Tom leaves his family to fight for social justice, he completes the transformation that began several chapters earlier. Initially lacking the patience and energy to consider the future at all, he marches off to lead the struggle toward making that future a kinder and gentler one.

McNeirney]]> 2018-01-12 16:52:55 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221043650 1941 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052860 JD Salinger sold the story, " Am I banging My Head Against the Wall?" This was the first story to feature the most iconic character in JD's novels, Holden Caulfield. The idea of the story was about a boy that had a dream of running away with a girl, Sally. He explained this to others as well but they all shut him down. He was a outcast and had a hard time relating to others.  Salinger's story was debuted in The New York Times. The publication of this story was then postponed because of the entry into the war, it would appear in 1946 with a different name of Slight Rebellion off Madison.

Richard Wright pens Native Son, a story about a 20 year old African American named Bigger Thomas. He lives in a utterly poor community in Chicago's south side. Throughout the novel Bigger's crimes are told as being inevitable and he is just a product of what African Americans are in the US. This relates to the overall theme of the novel of being a jab at the racism that was going on in America during this time. This novel brought to light how bad the racism was and gave the African Americans something to relate with.

On December 7, Pearl Harbor is bombed by the Japanese.  2,335 military personnel were killed, 2,008 navy personnel were killed, 109 marines, and 218 army were also killed. 68 civilians were also killed as well. All except three ships were destroyed. The attack started at 8 am when hundreds of Japanese planes descended on Pearl harbor and destroyed 20 American vessels. Many American troops didn't even know that the planes were Japanese, many thought that they were Russian planes. The entire attack plan of Pearl harbor was a surprise, the day after the attack president Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war on Japan. 

Kyle, Michael, Sierra   ]]> 2018-01-12 17:16:42 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052860 1942 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052909 *Just two months after the attack on pearl harbor FDR signed executive order 9066. This was the order to put all Japanese-Americans in internment camps. This was important because it was a very big problem and mistake from the US, we were putting American Citizens with Japanese decent in camps. Approximately 120,000 people, many of whom were American citizens, to one of 10 internment camps located across the country. The US believed that since we were at war with Japan that anybody of Japanese-ancestry might be a threat, or also spying for Japan. So by putting them in camps it would eliminate Japanese competition to the US.

Disney's Bambi. This movie was released on August 21,1942. This movie was about a very curious deer with the name of Bambi, and how she grows up in the forest with her friends and family. In the very beginning of the movie she has  to cope with the death of her mother. Not knowing who her father is and having to grow up with her friends raising her. She finds her self entering adulthood with her friends and even falling in love after all. I believe this movie has a very powerful theme of the importance of friendship. During the war and a few years after the Great Depression, people felt lonely and had given up but this movie puts a different perspective on strength that I believe everybody needed during that time.

World War II's affect on JD Salinger. The war had a lot of impact on how JD Salinger wrote his literature after the war. After losing thousand's of troops to D day and many other battles, he developed PTSD. Which made him very depressed, causing him to check himself into a hospital. After he left the hospital, all of the writing he did had a different tone than the other pieces he did before the war. He also hated people glorifying war, he never talked about World War II and when he did, he describes it as a bloody conflict and never saw it as a nice thing.  

Kyle, Michael, Sierra]]> 2018-01-12 17:16:49 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052909 1943 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052943 -Race Riots. June 20 and 21 of the year 1943 race riots ran through the streets of Detroit. The causes of these riots include shortage of affordable housing, discrimination in employment, lack of minority representation in police, and white police brutality. It was chaos, people were arrested and blacks were cornered and beaten. The aftermath of these riots concluded with 34 deaths, 433 injuries, and 1,800 The causes of these riots include shortage of affordable housing, discrimination in employment, lack of minority representation in police, and white police brutality. People arrested. The connection between this and The Catcher and the Rye is that in the riot people were discriminated because of race and in the book Holden is discriminated because of his grades.

-Oklahoma! was first musical written by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein II. The musical ran for an unprecedented 2,212 performances, Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize the musical Oklahoma! in 1944. This musical, built on the innovations of the earlier musicals, and was to develop on the "book musical," a musical play where the songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story. The Story of which includes serious dramatic goals and to reach not only the humorous side of the industry but also the heart ache. This musical would forever change how musicals were written and to take the audience throughout a journey, a journey of ups and downs. This musical may have influenced the writing of the book The Catcher and the Rye by inspiring J.D Salinger. At the time not many if any books were written in a format of blurting out thoughts to a read they mostly had a story like and a story to tell or were educational, but after the musical Oklahoma!’s success J.D. Salinger probably thought “Ooh that new style was a success i wonder if i create a book in a new type of writing it could be as big as Oklahoma! was.”


-Another event in 1943 that could have affected J.D. Salinger’s writing of The Catcher in the Rye. Would be the abstract expressionist movement which was started by an artist with name of Jack Pollock who was largely known for the unique way he created paintings by using a method he called drip painting. His involvement with the abstract expressionist movement caused New York to become the new epicenter for western art. By no means was Jack Pollock the first abstract artist, but he had popularized it by the unique way he did his paintings. This could have influenced the writing of The Catcher and the Rye as J.D. Salinger’s writing is focused on stream of consciousness which was an relatively new concept, similar to abstract art, and the new method of drip painting being related to J.D. Salinger’s stream of consciousness writing.   

Matthew Gregor      Tristan Hager      Paige Ehrlichman     Dominic Knoop

]]> 2018-01-12 17:16:56 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052943 1944 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052994
  • *Created by John J. Loud and László Bíró, the ballpoint pen’s purpose was to write on rough surfaces like wood, coarse wrapping paper,  and other materials where standard dip pens could not. The pen had numerous effects on society.  Students could write down lecture notes quicker, as they no longer constantly needed to re-dip the pen. Due to quick drying ink,  smudging and space for newly written papers was also no longer an issue. The compact nature of the pen — the ink stored in the pen itself — made writing  more portable. Also, thoughts could be recorded quicker as to not be forgotten. An added wartime benefit was that the new pens could be used by pilots flying at high altitudes, unlike their predecessors.  Negative effects could be conceived as the ballpoint pen ruining handwriting and destroying “the values of thrift and frugality, ” as stated by a federal teacher because the pen was disposable.  Without the innovation of the ballpoint pen, there is a strong possibility for thoughts to be lost, for if one can't locate  proper writing tools, the idea is destined to vanish. Crucial and pertinent information from professors can easily be ignored, leading to possible decreased assignment scores.

    • *Frank Sinatra performed to a sellout crowd of 3,600 at the Paramount Theater in New York City on Columbus Day of 1944.  Teenage girls mobbed the outside of the theater and Times Square.  Mobs such as this, numbering over 20,000, were unprecedented before this time.  The enormous turn-out showed that young girls were longing for romance, love, and a good life at home, especially as so many young men were away fighting the war.   Sinatra sang mostly love songs, many of them connecting to home ideals and themes.   He was older than most of his audience, making him sort of a paternal influence on his greatest fans.

    • *The Last day of the Last Furlough was a short story published in the Magazine Saturday Evening Post.  It told the story of the last days of a soldier before he was shipped out to fight in WWII, focusing on his interactions with family and friends.  Babe, the main character is leaving to fight in the war the next morning.  However, throughout the short story, he neglects to tell his family that he will be leaving them shortly.  He has a normal day, going sledding with his sister and having a family dinner with a friend.  In the end, he exchanges farewells with his family and leaves.  Themes of the story have to do with the balance of innocence in a war-torn society, as home associated objects such as home cooked meals are common motifs.  The short story also dealt with sentiments concerning the fatigue and waning support for war, as the main character is quoted to desire a quick conclusion to the war.  He is further quoted to rebuke those who glorify and romanticize war, blaming them on the creation of Hitler and like-minded men.

    • *D-Day, also known as the invasion of Normandy, happened on June 6th, 1944. It is thought to have been a huge turning point in the war. This is when  the allied troops first successfully invaded Europe. For the Allies to win, they needed a successful  invasion, which D-Day accomplished. The invasion happened on two different beaches;  Utah and Omaha. During the invasion it has been estimated that around 10,000 Allied forces died, most being American troops.  Utah Beach was less fortified with German troops due to its difficult-to-cross terrain.  On account of this, more Germans showed up at Omaha Beach, leading to more deaths there. The successful  invasion of Normandy freed France and is believed to be the beginning of the end of the war. The massive victory gave new hope to the Allied countries and to those who had lost so much during the war,  pushing them to conclude the war once and for all. 

    • The musical comedy On the Town opened on stage in 1944.  Three sailors, Gabey, Chip, and Ozzie, each had a 24 hour pass in New York City to do what they wished.  None had been to New York and  each had separate desires: Gabey wanted to see a girl, Chip to see the sights of New York, and Ozzie to find a girlfriend.  They had many misadventures, and none got quite what they wanted.   Initially all having an idea of what to do, each sailor spent their free time both chasing and being chased without fulfilling much of anything. Having goals to strive to is beneficial to productivity, but having goals that are too great can be disastrous to self-worth and completing said goals.

    • Sergei Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible- This movie told about the life of Ivan IV Vasilyevich, who was a Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547.  Ivan was nicknamed, "Tsar of All the Russias" which meant he was the king of all kings of Russia. Many people compare Ivan to Joseph Stalin.  Stalin looked up to Ivan. The release of this movie at this time was purposeful because it helped people around the world understand what Stalin’s hope was and what he truly wanted to do. 

    • To Have and Have Not was a film released October 11, 1944. Harry, a fishing boat captain on the French colony of Martinique, doesn’t want to get into politics after the pro-German occupation of his island. However, he is forced to get involved after one of his clients gets shot. As a result,  he has to smuggle two Resistance fighters to an island. On his way, he falls in love with an American woman named Slim.  By the end, one of his dear friends is taken by the police and Harry decides to fight for the Resistance. This showed that people who were not initially a part of the war ended up taking sides, not because they were fighting for their country but for their own interests. This work exhibits that even off a conventional battlefield, conflict and sorrowful hostility are innate traits that humans can either suppress or encourage. To resist battle, one must think rationally and act with empathy, for a war’s aftermath affects all involved.

    Shiloh McGaha
    Amelia Lewis
    Abel Lua
    Tegan Marin
    ]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:07 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221052994     1945 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053037 *FDR dies of interracial hemorrhage and his death impacted the U.S because  he was such a good leader because he  helped get out of the great depressions

    *The first computer is built it is called the ENIAC it change the foundations of electronics, it was used to

    *The story "The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls" is an unpublished work by J. D. Salinger. It is about the death of Kenneth Caulfield, who later became the character Allie in The Catcher in the Rye.

    Salinger's regiment enters the Dachau concentration camp this may have changed his life being in the military seeing what most people haven't seen

    Germany surrenders and that's  important because that ended the military engagement of World War 2 in Europe

    Maintain International Peace and Security. The United Nations came into being in 1945, following the devastation of the Second World War, with one central mission: the maintenance of international peace and security. ... The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security.

    Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel is preformed, it is about two young people who fall in love, then marry each other with an abusive marriage, the husband is trying to provide for his family, he then dies and comes back a year later to his family for a day and helps his wife and daughter move on with there lives.

    *Charlie Parker is a jazz musician and he recorded “Billie’s Bounce” that helped expand the improvisational nature of Jazz and that's important because Jazz was starting to get back into style and help African Americans express themselves.

    *The play The Bells of St. Mary's by Bank Crosby is in touching and inspirational WWII tale


    Conrad, Antonio, George, David
    ]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:16 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053037     1946 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053082
  • *Denazification: Salinger was part of an organization that was attempting to get rid of the German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy and many more.  The U.S was wanting to remove those who were involved in positions of influence, by disbanding or dividing the organization associated with it in Germany.  Denazification was launched after WW2. They wanted to stop the Nazi party from doing more damage to the world. Denazification also refers to the removal of the physical symbols of the Nazi regime.
  • *The Common Book of Baby and Childcare. The book aims to review the basic core that parents must provide to a baby, at a time when that knowledge was practically restricted to the medical community. However, the revolutionary message that this book launched to all mothers.  "You know more than you think", and ideas about childcare that allowed severed generations of parents to be more flexible and officiate with their child and treat them as individuals, in a context in which traditional wisdom advocated the use of discipline, and that -for example- babies were not "spoiled" by raising them when they cry the earned the book and the author among the American conservative media a reputation of permissive, vice president Spiro Agnew accused him of "encouraging" the juvenile anarchy of the 1960s with his foster system. 
  • *Nuremberg Trials: Were a set of jurisdictional processes undertaken at the initiative of the victories allied nation at the end of the second world war, in which the responsibilities of leaders, officials were determined and sanctioned and collaborators of the nation socialist regime of Adolf Hitler in the different crimes and abuses against humanity committed in the name of the third German empire from September 1st, 1939 until the fall of the regime in may 1945. On October 1st, 1946 they decided that half of the 24 prominent members of the Nazi party were to be sentenced to death, These executions were carried out on October 16th, 1946. Seven of them were sentenced to be incarcerated in Spandau Prison in Berlin. From these trials erupted the Geneva conventions. Salinger was directly related to this bringing Nazi members in for interrogation even being hospitalized during this event. 
  • *Slight Rebellion Off Madison Appears in The New Yorker: This was essentially a first rendition of The Catcher in the Rye chapter 17. This was shown as sort of the first attempt for the book. In this short story, Appearing in The New Yorker, Holden Caufield goes ice skating with his love interest Sally Hayes, during this venture he brings up how pointless prep school is. He then tells her he would like to get away from it all and move out of the city with Sally. Sally then dismisses this notion as a ridiculous thought. Later Holden and Carl Luce appear at a bar where they drink scotch and soda. Holden asks Carl about his Idea of leaving the school and getting out of New York. Later with his judgment clouded by alcohol, he calls up Sally twice from a pay phone and it ends with him waiting at a bus stop. this was a kind of alternate ending to Salinger's life in Military school, where Holden left the school, Salinger actually survived through it; hating every second of it of course.
    • By: Heidi O'Byrne, Nathan Pruitt, Nick Munoz. 
    ]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:25 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053082     1947 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053123
    * The Dead Sea Scrolls are discovered: The dead sea scrolls were discovered outside of Jerusalem in the late 1940s.The ancient collection of texts has the oldest known biblical manuscripts from around 2,000 years ago. Hebrew and Aramaic (spoken by many Jews) were the main languages in the scrolls. They revealed the patterns of Judaism and the Jewish background of that time. This was important for this because it’s gave us a better understand and some history of what the people hundreds of years ago the one thing that really help us out was that this is giving us a better uderstanding of what happend back then and what the people believed in and what kind of religion they had. Plus this was the very first religion that we know of so not only does it help us no more about our selves and our Ann sisters but we now have hydrodynamic of what happend back then.

    * Jackie Robinson breaks Major League Baseball's barrier against "colored" players: On April 15, Jackie Robinson became the first African American player in Major League baseball while competing for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He changed the way Americans thought by breaking the racial segregation of major league baseball (also known as major league baseball's color barrier). When Jackie Robinson played it was a hard time for him because he all the white people where treating him really bad. When he would play he would have threats from people that they are going to kill him and that they are going to hurt his family. When Jackie Robinson would go up to bat as well he would have pitched be thrown at him by the whites pitchers. They came out with a movie as well a couples years ago and the movie was really good. There was a part of the movie that the manager of another team was calling him some bad names and he can’t do anything. The reason why he can’t do anything is because if he says anything th people will say things like he can’t control himself and he shouldn’t be playing baseball for the whites. With him being out her this was a hard time for Jackie because all the whites would call him names and hate on him. But it was a good time because he was setting history for his country and for the blacks.

    * Ann Frank's diary was published: Ann Frank's diary was a book of letters written to imaginary characters. While Ann Frank was writing these story's, she was hiding in an attic apartment behind Otto Frank's business during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands while they were putting Jewish people in concentration camps. Her book was her way in my opinion was a way for her to be calm and be able to get her mind off thing. Because this was a real time for need and was a dark time for her, people where trying to take them and put her in camps. Alot  of terrible times where going on during this time period and was a place where it was for the Jewish people.

    Riley Shoemaker, Anna Sullivan, Christian Ahrens, Tanner Sark
    ]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:31 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053123     1948 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053164 * Laurence Olivier's Hamlet: After Shakespeare's father died, people began to believe that the inspiration for Hamlet was his grief. The play presents the revenge Prince Hamlet (who is depressed) is appointed to inflict upon his uncle (Claudius) by the Hamlet's father’s ghost (King Hamlet). Claudius murdered his own brother and took the throne for himself. He then married his former brother's widow. Since death is both the cause and the consequence of revenge, it is closely tied to the main themes throughout Hamlet which were revenge and justice.
    A perfect day for banana fish:
    This was a book that sighkiger made and this a a short story book that was made in 1980 the author is the same author that we are reading rightnow. He is a widely known author and is a American author as well.
    Riley Shoemaker, Anna Sullivan, Christian Ahrens, Tanner Sark]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:38 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053164     1949 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053201 *Entertainment: "The Great Gatsby" was released.
    How did this book/movie have an impact on culture?
     It shows how greed and lies take over the people who were choosing to live that way during that time period.
    *Korean war: . Citing the inability of the Joint Commission to make progress, the U.S. government decided to hold an election under United Nations auspices with the aim of creating an independent Korea. The Soviet authorities and the Korean Communists refused to co-operate on the grounds it would not be fair, and many South Korean politicians boycotted it. The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1949, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1949. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1949. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government.  The U.S. withdrew its troops from Korea because Korea's minister Rhee Syngman made threats to attack North Korea, and the U.S. feared that Syngman would do the same thing to us. U.s. deiced to help Korea because they didn't want it to get swallowed by communism
    *South Pacific : The south pacific inspired Richard Rodgers to write a novel "Tail of The South" which then inspired Oscars Hammerstein, Joshua Logan Richard Rodgers to adapt the novel to a musical South pacific. The south pacific was such a big hit because it was about racism and love in the 1940's. This play brought box office success. It was the second longest running Broadway musical
    *Death of A Salesman: About a man's loss of identify in society. The play, is a montage of his dreams and memories. These events all take place in 24 hours and continues with his suicide and funeral


    *Fun Fact: south pacific was performed 1,925 times , World Changing Event: On April 4, 1949 The North Atlantic Treaty was signed, making the United States closer with our European allies, Victor Fleming Producer of the Wizard Of Oz dies at 59.


    Jace Billington, Marcus Sanchez, Ethan Shallenberger

    ]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:46 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053201     1950 & 1951 cstark5 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053237 1950
    • The Korean War was a war between the communist Soviet Union supporting the North and Democratic United States helping the South. The war started when communist North passed the 38th parallel. The 38th parallel was an agreement between the Soviet and U.S. Where the North was separate from the  South. The Soviet invaded Korea to promote communism throughout the country. As soon as the U.S. saw they moved their troops into the south to stop the Soviet and the spread of communism. When the war broke out in June of 1950 the U.N. 9-0 that the north had breached the peace (means the north was at fault for the war).

    • A 1950 report showed an increase in population by 15 percent. People were trying to figure out why this had happened. During the 1940s this was a time for hunters and gatherers because that was the most reasonable known way to support each other and families. Although, when people began to discover agriculture it blew up and more people went to work in the fields and grow crops because it allowed them to make more "income" and support their families a lot easier. This caused the population to grow because it was an easier way to be wealthy.

    •  the invention of the credit card, nothing changed drastically, although the credit card was made so when people went to dinner clubs they could just sign in and pay later on. Many more people loved this idea and more people began to do the same. As I imagined the credit card caused lots of debt for people who didn't fully realize the effects and how powerful they were technically just borrowing money.

    • The organ transplant was something no one has ever attempted before and they all knew that. This changed the culture because people were starting to take risks within these years. People began to take more risks because they knew given the risk that there was a chance for high reward. For example, when people bought land to start the growing for crops rather than hunting, it was a risk because they couldn't tell exactly how things would turn out.
    Trey Towndrow, Taylor Sanders, Max
    ]]>     2018-01-12 17:17:51 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/221053237     https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/222671657 2018-01-19 02:54:56 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/222671657 https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/222679874 2018-01-19 04:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/cstark5/njuykn21u4cw/wish/222679874