A340 P03 by NUR ADILLAH BTE RAHIAM

A340 P03 by NUR ADILLAH BTE RAHIAM https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci en-us 2021-11-01 04:01:27 UTC 2023-03-05 02:31:08 UTC hello@padlet.com Fin Fish Bioenergenetics 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857811131 2021-11-01 04:05:03 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857811131 Feeding habits mdzy1184 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857812114 2021-11-01 04:05:42 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857812114 Partition of feed energy 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857812828 How to read the chart:
Digestible Energy = Gross Energy - Faecal Energy
Metabolizable Energy = Digestible Energy - Urine Energy - Gill Energy
Net Energy = Metabolizable Energy - Heat Increment
Production Energy = Net Energy - Maintenance Energy]]> 2021-11-01 04:06:07 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857812828 Predators 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857819810 They have well developed teeth and acts a means of holding the prey. Some predators rely primarily on sight to hunt, whereas others rely on the senses of taste and touch or on later-line sense organs.
E.g. Sharks, Dolphins]]> 2021-11-01 04:10:43 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857819810 Grazers 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820152 Teeth are strong and flat as grazers consume their foods by biting and continual browsing.
E.g. parrot fish]]> 2021-11-01 04:10:57 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820152 Strainers 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820400 Has the ability to filter the waters for phytoplankton by opening their mouths and allowing water to pass through.
E.g: whale sharks, paddlefish]]> 2021-11-01 04:11:08 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820400 Suckers 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820531 Has a ventrally oriented mouth adapted for grazing on algae and other objects that can grow on a submerged surface. Typically bottom feeding fishes have this mouth type.
e.g. carps, sturgeon]]> 2021-11-01 04:11:13 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820531 Parasites 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820658 Have numerous sharp teeth that are proposed to cling onto its food to suck body fluids after rasping a hole in the sides of the body.
E.g. Lamprey]]> 2021-11-01 04:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857820658 How to calculate energy expenditure 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857821078 Eg finding digestible energy (DE)
DE = Food intake gross energy (GE) - faecal energy]]> 2021-11-01 04:11:34 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857821078 Feeding Type 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857821152 Carnivores - meat eaters (Trout)
Herbivores - plant eaters (Tilapia)
Omnivores - plant and meat eaters ]]> 2021-11-01 04:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857821152 Problem Statement 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857825458 2021-11-01 04:14:26 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857825458 Energy usage 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857825896 Only a portion of energy is used on growth

Energy loss at:

faecal energy
urine energy
gill energy
heat increment
maintenance energy

]]> 2021-11-01 04:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857825896 Why do trout needs more food as temperature goes up? 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857826391 2021-11-01 04:15:01 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857826391 Can the same feed be used for both rainbow trout and tilapia? 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857828366 No]]> 2021-11-01 04:16:22 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857828366 Level of DO 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857831057 Lower temperature = higher Dissolved Oxygen (DO)]]> 2021-11-01 04:18:04 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857831057 What biomolecules are needed for energy? 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857836978 Proteins & lipids

Carbohydrates are not their nutrition in nature. ]]> 2021-11-01 04:21:52 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857836978 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857837622 Firstly, the two fishes live in different habitats with different diets and that causes differences in biomolecules requirements between the two fishes. ]]> 2021-11-01 04:22:20 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857837622 What biomolecules are essential in their diet? 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857846084 Protein and fatty acids

]]> 2021-11-01 04:27:32 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857846084 Factors affecting the energy used by fish https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857846246 2021-11-01 04:27:39 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857846246 Composition of diet https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857847360 If a diet has high protein or mineral, metabolism increases, in order for fish to eliminate waste products that could possibly build up and become toxic. Energy use goes up.]]> 2021-11-01 04:28:23 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857847360 Age https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857848172 Younger fish require more proteins in percentage in the diet for growth. so they require higher energy. The older the fish, the lesser amount of proteins in terms of percentage

]]> 2021-11-01 04:28:56 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857848172 Essential fatty acids (EFA) 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857848365 Which fatty acids are essential for fish?

Omega 3 (n-3) & omega 6 (n-6)

Omega 3

essential in cold & marine water fishes
lower melting point
Allow membrane fluidity for cellular activities and movement

Omega 6

for warm & freshwater fishes
lower salinity = higher n-6 from terrestrial sources (animal waste, nutrients)

]]> 2021-11-01 04:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857848365 Light exposure https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857849639 The amount of light exposure helps to indicate the “daytime” for the fish. If light exposure is long, the period of “day time” is long, meaning the fish would be awake for a longer time, and thus, needing more energy.]]> 2021-11-01 04:29:49 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857849639 Physiological activity https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857850022 An example, this can be referring to the shape of the fish’s body if its streamlined. If the fishes’ body is not as streamlined, the fish will have more drag force, having the need to use more energy compared to fishes with a more streamlined body shape to swim.]]> 2021-11-01 04:30:05 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857850022 Size https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857851470 The larger the fish size, the larger the amount of food they need to eat to maintain the energy needed for their daily activities such as cellular activities and for growth. Energy use goes up

]]> 2021-11-01 04:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857851470 Species https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857851998 Different species of fish are different in size,live in different environments, and require hunting for their food. All this needs energy, the bigger the fish more energy required, if for example salmon live in faster waters, they would require more energy.

]]> 2021-11-01 04:31:18 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857851998 Temperature of water https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857852368 The higher the water temperature, the higher the metabolic rate of the fish, energy use goes up as bacteria and enzymes in the digestive tract has their own optimum temperature. Warmer waters also have lesser dissolved oxygen, which causes the fish to gasp for air, increasing the blood circulation, causing more energy use to pump the blood.

]]> 2021-11-01 04:31:34 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857852368 Temperature 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857855080 As temperature increase, the metabolism of the fish increase as well so more food is consumed as metabolism is faster as well]]> 2021-11-01 04:33:25 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857855080 Essential amino acids (EAA) 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857857769 EAA is essential in diet as they cannot be synthesized de novo (produced by the body)
Can only be supplied by diet.

Amino acids = building blocks of protein
Protein needed for growth, repair, energy]]> 2021-11-01 04:35:17 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857857769 Why is feeding habits is important? 20004571_2 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857858070 Different species of fish or different fish in general have different types of feeding habits as seen from the table above, there are 5 different types. It is important to consider the different types because the feed depends on the feeding habits of the different fishes. If you feed fishes that are grazers a type feed that usually is for predators, a lot of energy would be wasted to finish the feed and this also will cause the food to go to waste and might cause ammonia spikes. Therefore, there is not specific feed for all feeding types so it is important to look for feed that are suitable for the species.

]]> 2021-11-01 04:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857858070 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857882869 n-6: Linoleic acids (18:2n-6)

n-3:

alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)
Stearidonic acid (18:4n-3)

]]> 2021-11-01 04:51:27 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857882869 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857883706 n-6: Arachidonic acids (20:4n-6)

n-3

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3)

]]> 2021-11-01 04:52:01 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857883706 Trout 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857885461

Carnivore - consumes meat/flesh from other animals

Lives in cold marine waters

Require dietary lipids of n-3 fatty acids that is met by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahemaenoic acid (DHA)

]]> 2021-11-01 04:53:06 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857885461 Tilapia 200146891 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857889962

Herbivore - Consume plants

Live in warm freshwater

Require dietary lipids of both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

]]> 2021-11-01 04:55:54 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857889962 Ratio 20011379_3 https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857906436 Ratio (n-6:n-3)

More in freshwater fishes
marine water fishes has more n-3 requirement = less ratio

]]> 2021-11-01 05:05:21 UTC https://padlet.com/200146891/nh6htwjnbw7u8bci/wish/1857906436