Cause: rose tensions over slavery expansion in new territories.

Effect: temporarily maintained balance.

Southern Slaveholders: supported as it allowed slavery in the south.

Connection: The Kansas-Nebraska act which reignited the slavery debate

Cause: southern demand for expanding slavery.

Effect: increased tensions and violence.

Federal Govt : struggled to control violence and maintain order.

Connection: connects to john brown as abolitionists became more aggressive.

Cause: the attack on the anti slavery town by pro slavery forces.

Effect: escalated violence in "bleeding Kansas".

Pro-slavery settlers: viewed john brown as a terrorist.

Connection: raid on harper ferry.

Cause: brown believed in using force to end slavery.

Effect: increased southern fears of abolitionist violence.

Southern slaveholders: became convinced the the north wanted to destroy their way of life.

Connection: browns raid deepened sectional divides which led to the election of 1860.

Cause: sectional divisions over slavery.

Effect: southern states seceded which led to the civil war.

Southern democrats: saw Lincoln as a threat to their way of life.

Connection: beginning of the civil war, battle of fort sumter.

Cause: the secession of the southern states.

Effect: Lincoln called for troops, leading more states to join the confederacy.

Union government: saw the attack as rebellion and prepared for war.

Connection: Emancipation proclamation

Cause: union needed a moral cause to support its war effort.

Effect: strengthened the union by encouraging enslaved people to flee.

Southern confederates: rejected the proclamation and fought harder to preserve slavery.

Connection: 13th amendment

Cause: union victory in the civil war

Effect: legally ended slavery but led to civil right and racial equality.

Former slaves: gained legal freedom but still faced discrimination

Connection: emancipation proclamation