Initially, Dickens conveys family to hold a value but is insignificant and bothersome. In stave 1 Fred intrudes Scrooges busy life and says "Merry Christmas uncle" however Scrooge indicates that he has no care about the presences of his last standing family member and tries to shut him off by interrupting him by saying "Good day" the short sentence implies that scrooge has no care, love or appreciation for his family even though its his last. On the other hand we are introduced to Scrooges hard exterior through his sharp and snappy comments furthermore even portrayed in the description "hard and sharp as flint" this shows that no matter how hard you try to break him it will only lead to more difficulty however is not an impossible act. furthermore 
this can be a representation of how Dickens himself had viewed family through his own eyes furthermore during the Victorian times dickens had a hard life where even seeing his family provided him a great amount of difficulty.

Towards the middle of the novella, Family is shown through other aspects and not just through Scrooges life. Family is illustrated for its true and how one should be like through the Cratchits family filled with the love and adoration and teach the true values that a family instills. The Cratchits have very little to nothing and still with all the pain and suffering they still to be joyous and caring. when Martha states "we'd a deal of work to finish up last night" shows that even though she works she still holds family to heart as the sacrificed her childhood give the family a helping hand, the word "last night" shows that she has to work hard to help there family as now some of the responsibility has erupted on to her shoulders but has no hatred to her family as the tone that has been set out is filled with respect and understanding that further reinforces that family is not hold up by how much ones states nor money they hold but in actually is about the placement of being with each other. Dickens insinuates that even though he may not even felt the presences or seen what a true family he wants to enlighten the readers during the time that even if your poor and what actually matters in life is family that the point of family playing a large amount in the play that in life.

Closer to the end of the novella, The theme of family is illustrated as  

Typically, the theme of family is normally described as to be a group of people united in the time of need. Dicken cleverly presents the theme of family through the Cratchit family as well as Fred. 

Initially, the beginning of the novella, consists of the Ghost of Christmas Past taking Scrooge to visit the ‘isolated’ schoolboy. The first image of Scrooge was him sitting alone at his desk with no one around him, he was ‘as solitary as an oyster’. This simile portrays that Scrooge is very tightly closed and will not open without hard force. Additionally, the noun of ‘oyster’ suggests that underneath the hard shell, there is a delicate and soft side to him. Deliberately, Dickens might have done this to make the readers ponder on the idea of Scrooge’s past and how his families’ attitudes were towards him. This has an impact on the reader as, they would consider in how Scooge’s father raised Scrooge. The way his father brought him up, he had no other male role model, and was raised in the wrong way.  

The adjective ‘solitary’ represents scrooge as being isolated, which further reinforces, he strongly believed that he did not need anyone even his own family. Therefore, Dicken presents the theme of family through Scrooge having no family. 

Typically, the theme of family can be defined as a group consisting of two parents and their children living together as a unit. 
 
Initially, Dickens presents the theme of family in through Scrooge's nephew, Fred, at the beginning of the novella which therefore introduces a new side to the old miser. “I want nothing from you; I ask nothing of you; why cannot we be friends?” The rhetorical question 'why cannot we be friends?' emphasises that Fred just wants his uncle to be happy.This quotation conveys that Fred wants to be happy and include Scrooge in the family.  Scrooge is not fortunate for his family he has a family awaiting his dinner, waiting to celebrate the season yet he refuses; this predicts scrooge's coming downfall.  
 
Towards the middle of the novella, the Ghost of Christmas Present shows Scrooge what is happening in the current time.  Fred's Christmas party is in full swing with all the family, except for Scrooge, which Fred comments on.  Dickens also shows happy bunches of families hunting for trees, and then they visit the home of Bob Cratchit, where the whole family is happy and celebrating together. Mrs Cratchit wears ribbons which are "cheap and make a goodly show for sixpence". This conveys that during the Victorian era society was about wealth however the Poor Law indicated that if the poor needed money then they would have had to gone into working in workhouses

Ultimately, in the beginning of the novella scrooge is presented as an misanthropic character but as the novella comes to an end we see a change in him and now is presented as a philanthrophic character. The reason for this is that the ghosts had made Scrooge see sense and helped him reedem himself for his greedy and selfish acts.

"sit ye down before the fire my dear and have a warm, lord bless ye." .The term of endearment "Dear" reveals that she loves her family deeply and they are extremely important to her.Upon reading this , the reader would start to sympathize for the cratchit family because they have nothing compared to Scrooge however they are much happier than him since they have each other and love one another the same way.

At the end of the novella ,the theme of family is illustrated as loving and caring.

Typically, family is normally described as a group of people consisting of two parents and children, usually living under the same roof. Dickens uses the theme of family to encourage the reader to stay close to family. 

Initially, Dickens conveys the theme of family at the beginning through Scrooges nephew, Fred. In stave one, Fred invites Scrooges to a Christmas dinner which Scrooge rejects as he is more work focused and sees Christmas as a time of “paying bills” and as a time where people can take money from his pockets without having to work for it. Fred also asks Scrooge as to why they “cannot… be friends?” The rhetorical question “why cannot we be friends?” and the rejection to the invitation causes the reader to question Scrooges relationship with his family. The readers can infer that Scrooges may have never really had a good relationship with his family in the past which potentially be the reason as to why he does not have a good relation with his nephew now. 

Towards the middle of the novella, dickens presents the theme of family through the love and joy portrayed in the Cratchit family. They are still joy filled and grateful for everything they have been given, even though the hardships they have been facing especially with Tiny Tim being extremely ill. The hardship can also be portrayed through Mrs Cratchit being “dressed out poorly in a twice turned gown” she still finds a way to stay positive and dress in her best clothing, even though her ‘best clothing’ are not great. However, she still finds a way to wear it with joy and enjoy the time she spends with her family. The metaphor “brave in ribbons” allows us as readers to infer that she wears her “twice turned gown” with pride. Additionally, the adjective “brave” is very ironic as the less well-off Victorians were not confident or happy about having to work in the workhouses and being stepped on by the bourgeoisie. This conveys to us the difference in the relationship of the Cratchit family compared to Scrooge and his nephew, Fred.  
 
As the novella comes to an end, the theme of family is portrayed through the love that Scrooge has developed towards the Cratchit family, this can be conveyed through Scrooge becoming a “second father to Tiny Tim”. Tiny Tim concludes Scrooges words with “God bless us, everyone!” The exclamatory sentence symbolises the care and love Scrooge has for others and treating them like family and wanting the absolute best for them. The verb “bless” shows the best wishes everyone has for each other, wanting the best for all their family members like how Tiny Tim wants happiness and a well life for his family including Scrooge. This brings the reader to a realisation that helping others out can bring them a sort of happiness. This would also allow the readers to sympathise with the poor as it is difficult to receive help due to the Poor Law Amendment Act in 1834.  

Typically, a family is defined as a group of people consisting two parents and children. The theme of family is shown through the Cratchet family. Dickens uses the theme of family to encourage the reader to change attitude 

In the beginning of the novella, Dickens’ uses Scrooge to portray the insignificance of family when Fred comes to Scrooge to say ‘Merry Christmas’ and gives a impertinent reply of ‘Bah, Humbug!’ this use of a short sentence show the tepidity and the lack of empathy towards Fred and Christmas itself.  As the sprits come into his life shows him the past and future. His attitude towards family itself will change. Dickens also uses family in the novella to exemplify that any financial instability within the family can increase the togetherness within the family also. Scrooge’s hard exterior reflects on his pessimistic attitude towards family throughout the novella.  This is shown when dickens described scrooge as ‘hard and sharp as flint’ and ‘solitary as an oyster’. The word ‘solitary’ reflects on Dickens’ himself as he experienced life in the workhouse where there would be a lack of communication and only hard labour. Furthermore this attitude of scrooge further contradicts with the attitudes of the typical elite class. 

Towards the middle of the novella, Dickens uses the Cratchit family to show the Victorian readers the importance of family.  He purposefully uses the Cratchet’s to symbolise that love will always prevail over poverty. In this extract, the Ghost of Christmas Present takes Scrooge to visit Bobs Cratchets house only because Scrooge has a negative attitude towards family. During the 1840s Dickens allowed his own personal experiences to link with the attitude of the Victorian readers. During Christmas they had not been privileged enough to afford the basic necessities. This is evident in the extract when it says “dressed out but poorly” the word poorly reflects on the lower class people as they could not afford their basic needs. The poverty that the cratchet family is going through is further exemplified with the sort of language Dickens’ uses to intrigue the reader to put themselves into the Cratchets perspective. 

Furthermore, towards the end of the novella Scrooge has been through a major transformation as he went from being ‘solitary as an oyster’ to ‘light as a feather’ there is a major contradiction between the words ‘oyster’ and ‘feather’ as both describe scrooges transformation through the progression of the play. This transformation of the attitude toward family is evident when Scrooge sends a turkey to the cratchet house. This foreshadows that scrooge has become a caring and selfless person.  The writers purpose was to help the reader realise the importance and significance of family. 

Ultimately, Dickens portrays the theme of family by showing that no matter what instability the family is going through there always should be a sense of togetherness within the family. He also shows how attitudes towards family can change for the Victorian readers 

 

Typically, a family consists of a group of people that are united and dickens purposefully presents the theme of family through the Cratchit's family and Freds which is further a symbol of love where is overpowered the presence of poverty. 

 

Initially in this extract, Dickens presents the theme of family through the love and joyful and grateful for the little they have. During their christmas holiday although being less privileged and going thorough hardship they were “dressed        out but poorly” they were very happy for the little they had. “brave in ribbons”. This is a further symbolism of how  mrs cratchit wears"poorly in a twiced turned grown". 
 

This was a norm in the Victorian families who are in poverty as they would not have had the skills and qualification required to have sufficient income. This is portrayed through the use of cratchits daughter Martha who worked during Christmas.
 Firstly, at the beginning of the extract the theme of family was quite insignificant and irrelevant which is shown is stave one as Fred comes to visit scrooge at his workplace.
dickens deliberately describes scoorge as solitary as an oyster, this symbolizes scrooges desolate and loneliness.

This simile portrays that Scrooge is very narrow-minded and will not open without hard force. furthermore, the choice of word ‘oyster’ suggests that underneath the hard shell, there is a delicate and soft side to him. Deliberately, Dickens might have done this to make the readers ponder on the idea of Scrooge’s past and how his families’ attitudes were towards him. This has an impact on the reader as, they would consider in how Scrooge’s father raised Scrooge. The way his father brought him up, he had no other male role model, and was raised in the wrong way.  
The adjective ‘solitary’ represents scrooge as being isolated, which further reinforces, he strongly believed that he did not need anyone even his own family and likes to keep by himself.
Alternately, another way to interpret this is that underneath an oyster there always a precious gem, which oerhaps is a symbol to suggest thast there is good in scorrge.

Dickens uses many characters throughout the story in order to show the importance of family. The Ghost of Christmas Past shows Scrooge's long lost fiancé, back when Scrooge had the opportunity to make a loving family of his own, but to no avail, Scrooge chooses greed and ambition over the woman he loved. 

  Initially the theme of family is significantly shown through the Cratchit family and how love and overpowers the theme of poverty. In the scene in the centre of the book, the Cratchits are eating Christmas dinner, while Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Present watch them. The family eat their goose and then move on to the second course and the atmosphere is full of happiness and excitement, as the family wait for Mrs Cratchit to bring out the pudding. The quote "We'd a deal of work to finish up last night," shows the hardworking of the family and what they would do for eachother. 

 The pudding is highly symbolic because although it is only small, the family take great pride in it and it shows effort and hard work. This suggests that Dickens wants to show how every little helps and how poverty will never empower the strength of love. 

Towards the middle of the 

 

 

 

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Typically, family is described as a loving parents and children living together as one unit. They care for each other, and go through their ups and downs together. Dickens use the theme of family to encourage the reader to take care of others and to show kindness, and lets them know not every family is perfect. 

Initially, Dickens presents theme of family at the start of the novella when Fred, Scrooges nephew comes to visit him despite how cold Scrooge is towards him, showing the tough and bitter side of families going through ups and downs. Scrooge seem to find Fred an irrelevant part of his life like he’s a stranger only to try and shatter his happiness as Scrooge pushes Fred away, trying to weaken their bond saying “I want nothing from you; I ask nothing of you” This portrays the bitterness Fred receives from Scrooge even though he tries to become close to his beloved uncle. The use of the repletion of “nothing” emphasises how Scrooge sees Fred as nothing, unimportant and worthless likewise this is similar to how Scrooge pushes Belle away seeing more worth in money and his business than her, replacing her with a “golden idol”. Similarly in the Victorian time the rich saw more value in their luxuries rather than helping the poor in which they see no worth in, and expecting them to go to the workhouse. 

Within this extract, Dickens presents the theme of family through the love and joy from the Cratchit family. They’re still joyful and grateful during the Christmas holiday even though they’re going through hardships as Mrs.Cratchit has “dressed out but poorly in a twice-turned gown” still staying positive to dress in her best clothing and enjoy the holiday with her family even though her ‘best clothes’ aren’t great however she’s still wears it with joy of her “brave in ribbons which are cheap and make a goodly show for sixpence”. The metaphor “brave in ribbons” symbolises how Mrs.Cratchit wears her “poorly in a twice-turned gown” with pride likewise her daughter, Belinda Cratchit who is also “brave in ribbons”. Also the adjective “brave” is ironic as the poor in Victorian time weren’t confident or that majorly happy working in the workhouses and being trampled over by the rich yet still grateful for everything they have, since they worked in harsh conditions and longs hours to earn a small pay. Likewise how Dickens worked at a young age at the blacking factory, being taken away from the majority of his siblings and his father, only to be left with his mother and his older sibling which he barely sees everyday as he worked long hours away from them. 

Furthermore the theme of family is presented throughout the love that Scrooge has towards the Cratchit family, being a second father figure to Bob Cratchit’s children, especially to Tiny Tim in which he cares for his well being and happiness. He spreads his positivity to the beloved people in his life in which sparks the Christmas joy to himself and to the rest of his family, in which Tiny Tim concludes Scrooges words with “God bless us, Every one!” This symbolises the care and love Scrooge has for others, treating them like family and wanting the best for them in which Tiny Tim takes the words right out of his mouth of the love and care they all have for one another. The verb “bless” shows the best wishes everyone has for each other, wanting the best for all their family members likewise how Tiny Tim wants happiness and a well life for his family including Scrooge as he now has been blessed with something great through all the hardships he has gone through which is having a second father, Scrooge. This brings a realisation to the reader that helping out others will bring happiness to them and to themselves, bringing up problems that are happening like poverty in which can be stopped or decreased. Likewise readers  in the Victorian time can support the poor as  The Poor Law Amendment Act in 1834 stated that those who were in need of money had the only choice of working in the workhouse will make life harder for the poor rather than the rich donating money to the poor to help out. 

Ultimately, Dickens portrays the theme of family by showing the different sides to it like the bitter side between Scrooge and his nephew Fred, the loving and grateful side of the Cratchit family who stay as a pact through all their hardships and finally how family isn’t specifically loving parents and children but the people who are a positive part of your life in which Scrooge realises that how the Cratchit family and Fred are a positive piece in his life. This message of family love and kindness awares the reader that they shouldn’t push away the people that are a positive piece in their life. 

Cratchit family is thankful, heart warming and grateful. when the author write "Lord Bless ye". We can highlight that Mrs Cratchit 

was giving a short prayer to god about how thankful she is having a Christmas dinner with her family. Furthermore,