Tundra:

The climate is cold and windy, the soil is frozen and the growing season is very short. There is no tree and the plants usually grow in dense, ground-hugging mats because of the wind. Many mammals stay awake in the winter under a white coat or under a blanket of snow.

Abiotic: Temperature.

The arctic fox has good hearing and good sense of smell can help them locate the prey.

Biotic: The population of small rodients

Density-independent factor: Affect all individuals with the same force, for example weather.

Density-dependent factors: Disease, when the population is too dense, the disease is easier to spread. Food and water resource,

Curb the increase in foxes: Fox is one of the threat for arctic fox. The way to reduce the numbers of foxes are targeted hunting and reducing the leftover in fell area because the foxes eat the leftover food.

Cooperation with neighboring countries: Arctic fox moves across the national borders. The cooperation and information exchanged can be used in the conservation.

In my opinion, arctic fox can be the umbrella species. In the fell area, there are also many species are endangered, so when protecting the arctic fox, for example give them food or improving the environment condition in fell area may also help recovering other endangered species.

Arctic fox's habitat is fell. In Finland, more than 35% of the species in fell area are classified as endangered.

The Arctic fox is one of the ten IUCN flagship species for climate change. Climate change affects the main diet of arctic fox. It also makes the habitat changes from tundra to forest, so the red fox which lives in tundra will move to further north, the habitat of arctic fox will be smaller.

2.https://www.pdza.org/animals/arctic-tundra/arctic-fox/

3.https://laji.fi/taxon/MX.46542

https://www.onezoom.org/life/@Canis_lupus=247341?pop=ol_247341&otthome=%40Vulpes_lagopus%3D775766#x566,y-22,w1.1960

4.https://www.metsa.fi/luonto-ja-kulttuuriperinto/lajien-suojelu/naali/

5.https://wwf.fi/elainlajit/naali/

6.https://laji.fi/taxon/MX.46549

7.https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/keystone-species/

8.https://arcticwildlifeknowledge.com/arctic-foxes-role-in-arctic-ecosystem-4/#Ecosystem_Services

9.https://luonnontila.fi/indikaattorit-elinymparistoittain/tunturit/

10.https://www.nature.scot/scotlands-biodiversity/scottish-biodiversity-strategy/ecosystem-approach/ecosystem-services-natures-benefits

11.https://www.largecarnivores.fi/species/wolf.html

12.https://www.sciencing.com/decomposers-arctic-8864/

13.https://www.learningarcticbiology.info/learning-arctic-biology/species-and-adaptations/fungi/fungi-in-the-arctic-environment/

14.https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/b78-150

15.https://fhsapes1-tundra.weebly.com/decomposers.html

16.https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/energy-transfer-ecosystems/

17.https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/899/57549321

18.https://iucn.org/content/species-climate-change-hit-list-named

19.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8355346/

20. studeo

Decomposers get the food from dead organisms and make the substance can return and be used again.

Arctic fox and red fox: -/- or -/+

Arctic fox and voles: +/-

Arctic fox and lemmings: +/-

Arctic fox and fly agaric: 0/+

Arctic fox and parasite: -/+

Key resource: The population of small rodents. They are arctic fox's main diet, and the population of arctic fox depends on them.

Rising temperature will shrink the fell area, it affects arctic fox habitat range.

If arctic fox's habitat becomes smaller, it may means that the temperature is rising.

Regulation: Arctic fox controls the population of small rodents by preying. When building and maintaining their dens, they generate biogeochemical hotspots that benefit the ecosystem for example improving plant productivity.

Cultural services: Human can know more about arctic area and monitor the climate change impacts in arctic area.