Penguins Documentary Storyboard by Seira Watanabe https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0 en-us 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC 2024-03-31 17:25:32 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f427.png 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080809 In this documentary, we will investigate how melting sea ice due to human-caused climate change is affecting penguins living in Antarctica.

This documentary is directed, written, and produced by Mio Matsumoto and Seira Watanabe.]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080809 What is sea ice? 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080811 "Sea ice is frozen water that forms, expands, and melts in the ocean. For the most part, sea ice expands during water months and melts during winter months, and melts during summer months, but in certain regions, some sea ice remains year-round. About 15 percent of the world's oceans are covered by sea ice during part of the year." Unlike icebergs, glaciers, ice sheets, and ice shelves that originate on land, sea ice is just ice that floats on the ocean, providing habitats for various sea animals.  

]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080811 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080812 SDG #14 focuses on conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas, and marine resources. 

This involves reducing marine pollution, protecting and restoring ecosystems, reducing ocean acidification, sustainable fishing, conserving coastal and marine areas, ending subsides contributing to overfishing, increasing the economic benefits from the sustainable use of marine resources, increasing scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health, supporting small scale fishers, and implementing and enforcing international sea law. ]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080812 Goal Targets 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080813 Here is a more detailed look at some of the targets used to measure progress toward the achievement of this SDG. 

The target we'll be exploring most closely is protecting marine life by eliminating pollution.

"Most fisheries (over 80 percent of assessed stocks) are fully fished or overfished today. Illegal, unreported, or unregulated fishing accounts for as much as 53 percent of the reported catches."

Citation: https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/14-life-below-water/
https://www.ubs.com/global/en/ubs-society/our-stories/2019/life-below-water.html#:~:text=Big%20threats%20to%20life%20below,53%20percent%20of%20reported%20catch.]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080813 Intro to Expert 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080814 The expert we interviewed is Ms. Dyan deNapoli. Ms. Dyan deNapoli is a TED and Nat Geo speaker, and a member of the National Marine Educators Association. She has researched the links between climate and endangered penguins, and her mission is to raise awareness and funding for the conservation of penguins and their habitats.

Ms. Dyan deNapoli is the head of her own educational company and has taught approximately 250,000 people in the US and abroad about penguins.]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080814 Interview Clip #1 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080815 Here Ms. Dyan DeNapoli explains the first problem caused by melting sea ice affecting penguins. ]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080815 Interview Clip #2 (1:31 - 1:56) 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080816 Mr. Choularton explains why rich countries need to make larger contributions to lowering carbon emissions worldwide.]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080816 A New Climate Reality 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080817 Model projections generally agree that over the next 50 to 100 years, Antarctic sea ice will decrease, with significant physical and biological effects on global climate, sea-level rise, and ecosystems. However, there is currently substantial uncertainty as to the magnitude, regionality, seasonality, and timing of future change in Antarctic sea ice coverage and properties.]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080817 What is global warming? 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080819 This graph from NASA shows the fast-moving effects of global warming. Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. 

The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6°F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the last 50 years. Temperatures are certain to go up further.

Citation: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page2.php]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080819 The enhanced greenhouse effect 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080820 What has scientists concerned is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but also from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Since the Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxide levels have increased nearly 38 percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent.

Citation: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page2.php
]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080820 Why is sea ice melting? 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080821 "When warming temperatures gradually melt sea ice over time, fewer bright surfaces are available to reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere. More solar energy is absorbed at the surface and ocean temperatures rise. This begins a cycle of warming and melting. Warmer water temperatures delay ice growth in the fall and winter, and the ice melts faster the following spring, exposing dark ocean waters for a longer period the following summer."

Citation: 
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sea-ice-climate.html]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080821 Greenhouse Effect Explained 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080822 The atmosphere today contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the atmosphere. Since some of the extra energy from a warmer atmosphere radiates back down to the surface, Earth’s surface temperature rises. By increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases, we are making Earth’s atmosphere a more efficient greenhouse.

Image citation: https://niwa.co.nz/

Text citation: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page2.php
]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080822 Melting sea ice 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080823 Melting sea ice is starting to affect the lives of emperor penguins severely these days. In 2016, there was a tragic accident in which 10,000 chicks drowned after an early ice melt dumped them in the water before they had grown their waterproof feathers. There was also a study that approximately 70% of emperor penguin colonies in Antarctica could become extinct by 2050 if the current rate of sea ice loss continues. Penguins depend upon sea ice for a multitude of things in their daily life, which includes breeding, molting, and feeding. Especially for breeding, penguins rely on a certain amount of sea ice, which is the "just right" zone for them and provides the perfect balance between safety for raising chicks and ample food. Melting sea ice not only rises the sea level but also perturbs numerous sea animals, including penguins. ]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080823 Climate change risk to emperor penguins 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080824 "So their ecosystem and their ecosystem interactions are not perturbed by humans. However, they are under threat because of climate change. So they are the canary in the coal mine telling us what will happen in the Antarctic as the world warms. "]]> 2022-11-06 23:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2372080824 Solutions To Avoid Melting Sea Ice 27watanabes3 https://padlet.com/27watanabes3/na85xo9z4l5qofm0/wish/2376131043 Stop climate change
In order to reduce climate change and save the sea ice, it is necessarily that global CO2 emissions be reduced by 45 % over the next decade, and that they fall to zero after 2050.

Increase their thickness
The University of Arizona proposed a seemingly simple solution: manufacture more ice. Their proposal consists of collecting ice from below the glacier through pumps driven by wind power to spread it over the upper ice caps, so that it will freeze, thus strengthening the consistency.


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