By the fifth century, the Roman Empire was threatened by the so-called "barbarian" invasions. These invasions were actually a series of migrations conducted by bands of Germanic tribes and Huns. These tribes only wanted to become part of the empire. This led to the establishment of an immigration system which disarmed and divided these foreign tribes into different regions, and forced each tribe to contribute soldiers to the Roman military. Over time, however, the Roman prejudice against them led these tribes to revolt. This contributed to the 410 sack of Rome, which was the first time Rome was defeated by a foreign army in almost 800 years.

The Roman empire  (27 b.c.e.–476 c.e.) was cultivated around Art and Culture under Augustus’s rule, which did not last after his death. Augustus's dynasty ended with Nero (37–68 c.e.), a tyrant who was believed to have started the Great Fire of Rome in 64 c.e.

A notable emperor of the period was Constantine the Great (c. 272–337). He was one of the empire's more accomplished emperors and the first to convert to Christianity. More importantly, his rule marked the division of the Roman Empire into two halves—the Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire.

The Roman Republic 
(509–27 b.c.e.) was known for its caste system and political institutions. Rome was divided by the caste system into two sections, the patricians (descendants from the Roman Kingdom) and the plebeians (common people). During its republican reign, Rome conquered lands through its military campaign. Rome grew its empire while also losing control of its people. 

1 Denarius = 4 bronze Sestertii

1 Seslertius = 2 bronze Dupondii

1 Dupondius = 2 copper As

1 As = 4 copper Quadrans 

Terra- The goddess of the Earth

Bellona- The goddess of war

Cybele- The goddess of the Earth, nature, mountains, and wild animals

Venus- The goddess of love and beauty

Cupid- The god of love