Called "limpoho", the wedding celebration takes place a few months after the pinanamung. The dowry is exchanged; gongs, jars, cloths, beads, and anything else the in-laws requested.

The forefathers of the Jawi Peranakans were mostly Tamil migrants from southern India who, before the trade of Singapore opened up, settled in the Malay states of Kedah, Penang and Malacca. As most of them were single, many took Malay brides and their children became known as the Jawi Peranakan. 

Jawi is an Arabic word to denote Southeast Asian Muslims and Peranakan is Malay for “born of”. Loosely defined however, Indian Muslims of mixed background and born in the Straits were also referred to as Jawi Peranakan, including children of Arab-Malay parentage. Other terms that refer to people of mixed Malay-Indian ancestry are “Jawi Pekan” (mostly used in Penang) and “Peranakan Kling” (mostly used in Malacca), the latter made popular by the great early Malay chronicler, Abdullah Munshi

Bidayuh is a collective name for several indigenous groups of people living the southern part of Sarawak. They are noted for their hospitality and warm smiles. The name "Bidayuh" means "people of the land". "Bi" mean "people" or "orang" and "Dayuh" mean "Land". They are also known as the Land Dayaks, a term first used during the time of James Brooke, the first White Rajah (king) of Sarawak.

Their traditional homeland was in the southwestern tip of Sarawak with the vast majority living in the Kuching Division and another seven percent in the nearby Samarahan Division. As late as 1980, nearly all of the Bidayuh were found in 291 villages in the contiguous districts of Lundu, Bau, Kuching, Serian, and Samarahan.

More recently there has been increasing movement of the young, especially those with vocational or professional skills, to other parts of Sarawak. Significant numbers are now found in the towns of Miri, Sibu, and Bintulu.

 The Kedayan community are concentrated in the central and eastern regions in Brunei, however they are also found in Labuan, Sabah and parts of Sarawak. Their communities there are mostly located in Beaufort, Kuala Penyu, Papar, and Sipitang in Sabah, and in Lawas, Limbang, Miri, and Subis in Sarawak.

Kedayan people are found in so many places that it is uncertain where exactly they originated from. Despite the many speculations, historians theorise that the Kedayan people came to Brunei in the 15th century during the reign of the 5th sultan, Sultan Bolkiah.

The Mah Meri people (Mah meaning people, Meri meaning forest), originally known as Besisi, are also known to themselves as Ma Betisek (“people with fish scales”).

They are one of the nineteen Orang Asli groups of Peninsular Malaysia and are officially classified under the Senoi subgroup. They live in the states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca and Johor. 

(1:48) - A basket of gifts including sarongs are presented.

(3:33) - Jars of tapai (rice wine) are brought out to drink in celebration of the successful engagement.

Known as "pinanamung", the price of dowry is discussed and negotiated. During the first stages, gifts such as ten or more lengths of sarong and woks are offered. The mandatory dowry is an item that will be deferred until later, sometimes much later, depending on the groom’s capability.

If the dowry negotiation is successful, the Murut people celebrate for 5 days with the drinking of tapai, a type of rice wine

(0:54) - an assortment of gifts as the final dowry is shown

(1:22) - A Murut woman adorning the traditional wedding outfit

(1:33) - the groom constructing the sangiang, the platform where the final dowry will be displayed

(1:50) - bamboo filled with blessed water is sliced

(2:30) - The groom and his family circle the final dowry gifts with a gong

Ceremony after final dowry payment is made. It can take place years after the limpoho and even after kids and multiple wives. This is due to the fact that Murut men back then were not able to pay their debt that quicky

Sangiang - a platform built to receive and display the final dowry

Tapai is prepared months in advance in heirloom jars to be displayed at the ceremony. The number of tapai jars along with gongs, beads, and belts will show the person’s wealth and importance

The ceremony begins by slicing a section of a bamboo filled with blessed water at the bottom of the sangiang 

Guest approach the wedded couple and send them well wishes

Gong players circle the sangiang seven times to ward off evil spirits.

The sangiang is unveiled and the drinking of tapai begins 

Celebrations can last for almost a week

The generosity of son-in-law to his in-laws and doesn’t desire any sort of property till death. It doesn't end after finally tying the knot; even after children the in-law’s are entitled to anything they want and the man is expected to provide

Bride normally takes a special bath to cleanse and beautify her face and skin. She is also forbidden to leave her house for seven to 14 days before the wedding ceremony.

When the groom and his party arrive at the bride’s doorstep during the wedding ceremony, they will walk in an anticlockwise circle 3 times. This custom is known as “putaran naga”. Afterwards, the bride’s siblings or closest relative will pour water on the edge of the groom’s feet

Three packages wrapped in cloth are given 

 Package 1 - Beetlenuts, sirih leaves, matches, tobacco, leaves to wrap the tobacco, lime paste. Everyone joins in to either smoke the tobacco or eat the beetlenuts wrapped in sirih leaves

Package 2 - Money, usually RM44.44 for the bride

Package 3 - Items and accessories for the bride

Carried out because of their belief that they will not need to bite on the 7 layers of bamboo after they pass away

Their teeth are filed 7 times

The bridal couple bite on areca nuts (or candlenuts) to keep their mouth open

The bride and groom separately carry out two rituals. First, the ukup ritual. This is where smoke from burning incense is patted onto the bride and groom. This is so the Mah Meri ancestors acknowledge the wedded couple and protect them

Then, the cleansing ritual. Tepung tawar is brushed onto the bride and groom’s hands, forehead, cheek and jaw. Lastly, a shaman holds two bowls of rice with lighted candles and dances to acknowledge the bride and groom

Before the groom can enter the venue, the bride’s male relatives challenge him to a fight. The groom’s party are the ones to defend him

The bride is hidden behind a wall of cloth/sarong by her female relatives. The groom’s party is required to walk around them 7 times before the groom can reach in and grab his bride’s hand

The bride and groom change into kain sarong. The bridal couple along with their parents have their arms and foreheads smeared with tepung tawar. Then, a shaman brushes the tepung tawar off the bridal couple using a brush made out of nipah leaves that were dipped in scented lime water

The nipah leaves are then thrown behind the shaman as a symbol of brushing away any evil energy

 Coins are poured into the white cloth also. The cloth is bounced up and down 7 times before the remaining water along with the coins are thrown out. Children and the other family members scramble to collect as many coins as possible, taken from (21:32) https://youtu.be/qToNdPryDPo?feature=shared

Courtship - If a man is interested in a woman and intends to pursue a relationship, it is through a tradition called “maasu”. Maasu literally means “to visit a girl at night”. It is always carried out at night, typically after dinner, in the presence of the woman’s parents and family members. The man is allowed to stay up with the woman until her parents and family go to bed.

If the woman’s parents object, they politely advise the young man to avoid their daughter. 

Proposal -  The man's family will send a representative - usually an uncle or a close relative - to visit the woman’s parents and see if they give consent to their daughter accepting the hand in marriage. This applies to women below the age of 21. Though it is not needed for women above the age, it is still a sign of respect to inform the parents of this decision.

The representative is also given the task to give an outline of the man’s family background and family tree. This is to ensure the man and woman are not closely related, which is taboo in Bidayuh culture. 

Engagement - An average family will send these engagement gifts: 

- jamuh singot (black sarong)

- gold ring

- cash

A well off family will send:

- gimba (silver belt)

- jamuh singot

- gold ring

- cash

In the old days, an engagement gift would look like:

- set of three small boxes (nakan) made of bamboo, in which are placed tobacco, gambir and lime

- a bundle of hand-picked sirih leaves as big as a head

- a black sarong

- a ring

The ceremony begins with the tua gawai sprinkling yellow rice over the couple. As he does this he invokes a prayer. After the prayer, the tua gawai will brush a white cockerel over their heads, and at the same time he invokes another prayer, followed by the sprinkling of beads over the couple. While doing this he invokes a short prayer asking God (Tepa) to bless, guide and guard the couple in their daily life. He also asks that the couple be blessed with lots of children

On the wedding night the newly married couple is considered by the adat to have acquired parental status and as such they are given a sobriquet name (adon jajang). After the name is announced the married couple is from then onward called father of so and so (sama sinuh or sindu sinuh for the bride). Once the jajang name is given, everyone in the kampong calls them by that name rather than their personal names. 

After this is over entertainment follows, entertainment sometimes are in the form of traditional Bidayuh dance like berejang or birayun or even begendang. These activities will continue until morning, with lots of tuak or rice wine.

Merisik (enquiry) - it is usually done by the man’s family. There are superstitions that if there are challenges during the journey to the woman’s home, misfortunes will happen in the future, such as an unhappy household or divorce. If the man’s family wishes to pursue, they will have a representative send a “cincin tanya” to the woman’s family, wrapped in a pretty embroidered handkerchief

Berinai (henna painting) - also called mehndi, this event is usually done the night before the wedding. The bride and groom, who both get henna paintings done, do so in their respective family homes.

When the akad nikah is complete, the groom will drape a garland of malei flowers and hand feed a mixture of milk and mushed up bananas to his bride. The term malei means a garland of various types of flowers such as roses, orchids and jasmines are tied using a string. They believe the malei flowers are symbolic for happiness in marriage

Atchatai, a mixture of rice, turmeric and flowers are sprinkled over the bridal couple as a sign of blessing

The groom will also drape a garland of thali in the form of a chain made of beads and pieces of wheat-shaped gold. Thali or tjirumaangalyam is a symbol of a sacred marriage

The thali is tied with a white thread covered in turmeric. The thali is prepared 7 to 9 days before the wedding. The men will bring gold, sandalwood, kumkum, betel nut, coconut and payment for the thali craftsmani to make sure they know the right day to make it

Majlis persandingan (bridal display) - the bridal couple is beautified by a mak andam (beautician) using a mixture of a plate of rice, coconut, perfume oil, kaffir lime, charcoal and betel leaves. It is believed bathing in lime water will ensure the event will run smoothly without a hitch.

Majlis kenduri - The bridal couple adorn stunning jewellery. It is believed that the fancier the jewellery, the more special the celebration. Couples will borrow and even take out a loan in order to dress in the finest accessories. Women guests will not attend the wedding if they do not have any as to not burden the shame.