The Sioux Wars (1854-1891) by Mitchell Busby

Cause and outcome

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:05:16 UTC

cause: it all started with a small group of of US solders where killed by Lakota Sioux after a dispute over a cow.

outcome: the US military won, forcing the Sioux people to retreat and eventually bing chased into a reservation.

Grattan Massacre

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:06:01 UTC

on August 19 1854, a small group of US solders Lieutenant John Grattan, where killed by Lakota Sioux warriors. after the US solders tried to arrest the natives after causing them pof killing a cow.

Battle of Ash Hollow

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:06:10 UTC

The major event of the battle of Ash Hollow was in response to a raid that happened near Fort Laramie in 1854, General Harvey lead this raid on a village called Lakota village on September 3rd, 1855. The killed 86 and captured 70 after that they destroyed the village.

https://history.nebraska.gov/marker-monday-ash-hollow/#:~:text=In%20response%20to%20an%20Indian,the%20Army%20and%20the%20Sioux.

Sioux leader - Little Thunder

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:06:22 UTC

Wakíŋyaŋ Čík’ala (Little Thunder)(1820-1879) was a Brulé Lakota chief. He took over as chief of the Brulé after the death of Conquering Bear by U.S.

https://dbpedia.org/page/Little_Thunder

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Famertribes.proboards.com%2Fthread%2F1198%2Flittle-thunder&psig=AOvVaw3tixWkcuH-z1tHWLFmpcHT&ust=1740159910745000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCOCzjP3m0osDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

Cause and outcome

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:15:48 UTC

Causes:

Many treaties were broken, mass starvation and multiple cultural misunderstandings all led to the Dakota War. The US had promised the Dakota people with land, money, and resources, but they were never received. They were facing severe starvation and due to the lack of crop and governmental failures. The Dakota people also had different views from the settlers and that led to conflict.

Outcomes:

The wars led to many deaths, especially of white settlers. The Dakota people were removed from their homes in Minnesota and were forced to live on reservations. After the war, 38 Dakota men were hung. This was the largest mass executions in the history of the US.

https://libguides.mnhs.org/war1862#:~:text=When%20the%20U.S.%20government%20broke,were%20killed%20or%20fled%20Minnesota.

Cause and outcome

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:15:57 UTC

Red Cloud’s war was caused by the establishment of three U.S. army forts along the Bozeman trail through Lakota took over Crow Indian treaty territory. The Crows fought back against the Indian trespassers by helping the troops in the very same forts that Red Cloud wanted closed. The outcome was that the Lakota and their allies were victorious. They gained legal control of the western Powder River country, took down the forts and permanently closed the Bozeman trail.

https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/red-clouds-war

Cause and outcome

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:16:03 UTC

The Great Sioux War, also known as the Black Hills War, was primarily caused by the discovery of gold in the Black Hills, leading to a huge amount of settlers and a desire for the U.S. government to gain this territory, which was guaranteed to the Sioux by the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868. This war ended with the U.S. military victory, leading to the annexation/capture of Sioux lands and the establishment of reservations,despite the initial Native American successes in their battles.

Cause and outcome

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:16:09 UTC

Cause and outcome:

The main cause for the Ghost Dance War was when a Paiute (“ member of either of two culturally similar but geographically separate and linguistically distinct North American peoples, the Southern Paiute of the southwestern US and the Northern Paiute of Oregon and Nevada.”) named Wovoka promoted the extinction of white people and the rise of the Indians. This controversial statement caused many of the government members to take this as a serious offense, causing the Ghost Dance War.

The main outcome of the Ghost Dance War was quote on quote a “spiritual revival” (Ghost Dance War, n.d.) among countless native american societies. Though these instant boosts of hope and power within the native societies were great, it scared the U.S. government, they thought it was a war preparation.

Battle of the Tongue River

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:18:09 UTC

It happened on August 29, 1865. In the battle, U.S. soldiers and Indian scouts attacked and destroyed an Arapaho village. Jim Bridger saw the smoke of an Indian village and Connor sent out Frank North and two Pawnees to find the village. They reached the village about eight a.m. the next morning, and they charged the village, having achieved complete surprise. The village, led by Black Bear and Medicine Man, had about 500 inhabitants. Many of the men were absent for a raid on the Crow Along the Big Horn River, leaving mostly old men, women, and children in the village. The battle was 36 hours long.

https://sheridanmedia.com/news/113645/the-battle-of-tongue-river-happened-in-august-of-1865/

Fetterman Fight

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:18:37 UTC

The major event of the Fetterman Fight was the complete annihilation of a US Army distance led by Captain William Fetterman, where all 81 soldiers under his command were killed in an ambush by a coalition of Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors near Fort Phil Kearny in Wyoming on December 21, 1866 making it one of the worst military disasters by the US Army on the Great Plains at the time.

Sioux leader - Red Cloud

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:18:44 UTC

leadership and strategy

highly skilled and respected leader, he was known for his strategic thinking
His leadership was crucial in organizing resistance

He led the conflict over the bozeman trail

War was primarily about the creation of the Bozeman Trail
The trail provided goldfields for montana
Would have increase the amount of settlers going into the area

His leadership over the fetterman massacre

One of Red Clouds most successful victories
Massive morale boost for the Lakota

he has advanced tactics and resistance

tactics involved military tactics, ambushes, and raids

His negotiations and the win of treaty of Fort Laramie

this treaty resulted in the U.S. agreeing abandon the Bozeman trail

Becoming a symbol of resistance

became a symbol of the Native American resistance to the U.S.
even though the U.S. won, Red Cloud is still seen as one of the most successful Native American campaigns

Battle of Little Big Horn

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:19:13 UTC

The Battle of Little Bighorn occurred on June 25,1876 during the great Sioux War. It was led by the lieutenant colonel George Custer, U.S. forces attacked a large encampment of Lakota Sioux and Northerns Cheyenne. The battle ended in a Native American Victory, resulting in the death of Custer and many of his men, but it ultimately did not prevent the U.S. military from dominating the region.

Sioux leader - Sitting Bull

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:19:25 UTC

Throughout the Great Sioux War Sitting Bull was both a spiritual and political leader who gathered support among the Sioux and Cheyenne to fight against US troops. The winning vision Sitting Bull shared prior to Little Bighorn created numerous warriors and helped ensure their victory over Custer. With his leadership activities Sitting Bull fortified Native resistance without commanding any fights to prevent U.S. control of the Sioux lands.

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/oakley-sitting-bull/#:~:text=Sitting%20Bull%20was%20the%20political,Bill%20Cody's%20Wild%20West%20show.

Sioux Leader - Crazy Horse

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:19:32 UTC

Crazy horse was an important leader, he played an important roles in the great Sioux war. He led his people to defeat and to win the battle against a general at that time. His Courage and bravery helped a lot during this process.

https://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/crazy-horse.htm

Major event - Ghost Dance

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:19:55 UTC

Major Event:

The most significant event within the Ghost Dance War was the Wounded Knee Massacre. On December 29, 1890, the U.S. army had a great victory. The U.S. Army’s 7th Cavalry killed over 250 Lakotas, being one of the largest victories within this war.

Sources:

Ghost Dance War. (n.d.). Study.com. https://study.com/learn/lesson/ghost-dance-wounded-knee-movement-history.html#:~:text=What%20did%20the%20Ghost%20Dance,the%20movement%20as%20war%20preparations
Ghost Dance. (n.d.). Oklahoma Historical Society | OHS. https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=GH001#:~:text=A%20late%2Dnineteenth%2Dcentury%20American,and%20superiority%20of%20the%20Indians
Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | GHOST DANCE. (n.d.). http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.rel.023

Major event - Wounded Knee Massacre

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:20:04 UTC

In 1890, hundreds of Lakota people were killed as a way to suppress a religious movement. The soldiers were given medals for their violence but nowadays the event is not celebrated and instead remembered as a massacre. The soldiers were afraid of the Native Americans' ceremonial Ghost Dance, so they went to the Lakota camp to disarm them. There was a deaf tribesman by the name of Black Coyote who didn't want to give up his rifle, claiming he paid a lot for it. The rifle ended up going off and the soldiers started shooting at the Lakota. Since most Lakota warriors were already disarmed, it was difficult to fight back.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/what-really-happened-at-wounded-knee-the-site-of-a-historic-massacre

Leader - Spotted Elk

busbym — 2025-02-20 16:20:14 UTC

Spotted Elk or Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká(1825-1890)

Spotted Elk united several Lakota tribes who were suffering after their losses in the Great Sioux War. Spotted Elk united and led the Lakota tribes into the Ghost Dance, a traditional religious experience.

Spotted Elk did not fight during the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. However, his tribe suffered during the war, after which they surrendered.

Major event - Mankato hangings

2025-02-20 17:40:50 UTC

At 10:00 am on December 26, 38 Dakota prisoners were led to a scaffold specially constructed for their execution. One had been given a reprieve at the last minute. An estimated 4,000 spectators crammed the streets of Mankato and surrounding land. Dakota prisoners were imprisoned following the U.S. Dakota War of 1862, primarily because they were accused of participating in the violent conflict against white settlers in Minnesota, which included acts of murder, rape, and attacks on settlements, leading to the mass trial and imprisonment of many Dakota men by the US military at Fort Snelling.

Cite :

Wastvedt, S. (2017, June 9). History we don't teach: Mankato hangings an uneasy topic for Minnesota schools. MPR News. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2017/06/08/mankato-hangings-an-uneasy-topic-for-minnesota-schools

Sioux leader - Little Crow

2025-02-20 17:44:47 UTC

Little Crow (c. 1810 - 1863) was a Dakota leader who led his people in the U.S., Dakota war of 1862. His birth name was Taoyateduta, which translates to His Scarlet Nation.

Cite :

Mark, J. J., & Vannerson, J. (2024). Little Crow (Eastman’s biography). World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Little_Crow/

Dakota uprising in Minnesota

busbym — 2025-02-20 17:53:24 UTC

On August 18th, 1862, a groups of the Dakota soldiers attacked multiple settlements along the Mississippi River Valley. A group led by Chief Little Crow, went and attacked a government facility. This facility was made to provide supplies and resources. At the same time, other Dakota groups launched attacks on settlements and isolated farms throughout the region.

https://www.mnhs.org/sibley/learn/us-dakota-war-1862#:~:text=On%20Aug%2018%2C%201862%2C%20a,of%20the%20state's%20military%20response.