Florentine banker Lionardo Bartolini Salimbeni

battle between Florence and Lucca in 1432. Florence’s victory

buildings from ancient rome

balance, stability, and order

commissioned by a noble woman of Parma for a chapel in Church of Santa Maria dei Servi.

The Large Amphora(vaselike thing oval) -->ideal of beauty

mary's head is like the Amphora shape

The baby Jesus is barely on her lap and may fall -->recalls pieta(the fate of Christ)

boneless hand to her chest

unbalanced on the left

giant column--> Madonna is the gateway to heaven

formal-->exaggerated bodily proportions

diptych

enthusiastically protestant

John and Paul, Luther’s favorite authors of Scripture

he presented this to the city of nuremberg (townhall)

peter in th eback --pope to the back

emphasis on the word of God, the bible not the church

lutheran translation -->everyone have access to the word of God

The just shall live by faith alone

compressed space

Boucher's star pupil

baron de Saint-Julien and his mistress-->a bishop pushes her

the bishop is unaware of the man in the bushes, he is the unwitting dupe

warmth of spring or summer

lots of plants surrounding them-->fertility and intimacy

Oil on canvas, 10′10″ × 13′11″

student of Boucher

planarity(they are all in the middle ground)

classical theme, story

tight brush work, strong sense of line(poussin)

Heroic figures

Classical Architecture(arches), figures, dress

Nationalism

david's paintings ended the genre scene era and artists were depicting more history scenes

1774 Charles-Claude d’Angiviller was appointed director-general of buildings by Louis XVI. It became his personal mission to snuff out what he considered Rococo lack of sexual restraint and replace it with moralistic history painting

commissioned d’Angiviller, it took 3 years

it was an instant success, very popular and visited heavily

this oath isn't a part of the original literature

the men's positions are very sharp and straight whereas the women are curvilinear.

the arches frame different groups in the painting

inspired by oath taking paintings

Asop fable--greek man

There is a man who everyday carries bundles of sticks

and he wishes for death to come and take him

"be careful what you wish for"

its a gothic arch because it has a point

--> nationalistic --gothic past

Christ and the virgin mary

nails, the blood on his hand and foot

john the baptist-->carying water

dove--->HG

sheep-->lamb of God, the good shepherd

ladder-->deposition

crosses

the second coming-->oil lamps

realism-->more like everyday even though it wasn't a scene of their day

study a carpenter's physique and shop

Hated, criticized ->charles dickens

his toes are dirty

Monet--father of Impressionism

less depth the brushwork isn't very blended-->didn't want to hide the paint

look at what the eye sees-->visual input over the interpretation "square of blue" over "a house"

painted this painting in childhood home

this was displayed in their first salon(1874) impressionism(nadar's studio), he was dirt poor, most of them are

-->complementary colors

the name of this movement comes from this painting

he wanted to get away from paris, the materialism, impurity

goes to brittany -->painting peasants-->simple, moral, pure

the tree--->straight out of a japrint

unnatural red background--->not the physical world but the spiritual

the cow looks like the two wrestling

inspired by folk art, medieval-->flat

inspired by oceanic art--->tahiti painting

from norway

oil on canvas with pastel

he repeated this same scene multiple times

gone to paris and there is a lot of movement in the sky-->mustve seen vangogh

could be the natural color of the sky--->a indonesian volcanic eruption

he is scared because the sky turns red

Oil on canvas, 31 3 4 × 23½″

shown at the salon d'automne(vaguard art)

color typically tells us what things are

the background doesn't tell us what she is standing in front of

setting color free from its descriptive role

cezannes blending of the foreground and background

cutouts---->late sixties-->wheelchair, lost ability to paint

-->resilient artist

he understood the rules he wished to break, he was inspired by many artists--gaugin, monet, van gogh, cezanne

oil on canvas

the blue rider(west germany) is a common character in kandinsky's paintings that represents St george the christian dragon slayer who sought to bring spirituality into the world

closer towards to abstraction--->non-narrative, non-objective, non-representational

abstract-->taking something in nature and altering so use the other words above

we took apart the atom so now the foundation of our world is falling apart-->art can be taken apart and crumble

russian artist who lived in germany-->murnau-->loved folk art(powerful colers and directness, paintings on glass, stain glass of churches

munich-->spirituality and supernatural

he wrote his own book-->painting about the connection with universe with an abstract vocab like music(spirituality is abstract)

meant reflect the universal spiritual forces as he felt them

oil

portugese musicians

focus on shape and color

close friend of picasso and worked closely together

Post impression
Cezanne—-> changes of line and shape with changes in perspective, vision and memory working together

Expresses more than different perspectives, he wants to express the entire visual understanding of the cup simultaneously
—-> fragment the object so all understanding and views are depicted


Analytic—->taking apart and analyzing each part
Not meant for reassembly
Picasso was a child prodigy who could sketch anything

Reduces color to focus on line and form
There is a sense of space—> modeling
It’s a person yet it lacks hands and face
A series of view of the human body reconstructed on the 2d plane

giving more information than reality

nod to the abstract-->letters, numbers, music

fled to america

picked it up at a plumbing store,

challenges what art is

he is an artist--shouldnt he decide what art is

its funny

its all about ideas

eye is an objective tool

is everything we see true?

our brain sometimes influence

diff witness accounts

a lot of things we dont see but are there

just like mondrian there was a lot of hours of work that led up to this conclusion

there is weight, unit and variety

the thin lines, pooling of colors

industrial paint(liquidy,running)--sticks, turkey baster

inspired by native american art--more about the process than the product

iconic art figure

action painting/gesture painting/all-over painting(no focal point)

it has feeling of balance

there are only a handful of colors

it lacks paint on the edges, frames itself

it doesnt feel flat, there feels like a fore,background

I am nature

copper

floor to ceiling

Unemotional

Reduced to the most basic parts

What you see is what you see--there is no meaning

breaking away from a gallery setting

other names for earth art--->Land art, Environmental Art

commentary on -->art has become so elitist

they worked together on works of art for years and years

but this one was only up for two weeks

nylon fence--24 miles long and 18 feet tall

the process was the work of art not just the two weeks of finished product

he would make drawings of the planning, he had to get permissions from farmers and city

he faced a lot of push back-->so resilient

emphasized the natural beauty of something that already existed

He highlighted the beauty fo what was there-->the farmer and the son who camped out and saw the light reflect from the sun

a reaction to modernism

not a single style, unified group

deconstructionism--moral relativism

form over function

Borrows from the past

Local

appropriation

skeptical

personalized

meaning over form

fabrication--film stills(cindy sherman)

Cynical

Multicultural

globalized art world instead of capitols

denies fixed structure or logic

denies existence of truth

ephasis on collaboration

questioning the rules of modernism

Fresco

Michelangelo, The Bound Slave and the Dying Slave, ca. 1510-13, marble

second set of doors

cloth guild

baptistry

Ghiberti wins the competition

linen weavers guild

contrapostos

nudity(means hero in the ancients), contraposto - classic

in medici house

guild wool merchants

lenzi family tomb

linear perspective

1. The Early Renaissance is known for the birth of linear perspective. We can see lines from the coffered panels and the rest of the structure point to a single vanishing point, around Jesus' feet.

2. The revival of classical structures like the barrel vault and the Corinthian order pilasters is depicted in this work.

3. Early Renaissance is known for its mixing of classical motifs with Christian subject matter. This is clear in this work with subject being the the Godhead and the surrounding classical architecture.

4. The composition is stable and symmetrical with God the Father and Jesus in the center and two figures on each side. The figures form a pyramidal shape.

Cosimo de’ Medici, the Dominicans built a second convent for their friars in Florence

medici

venus in the middle

doesnt really use linear perspective

contraposto is not from the gothic period

in a town square

capital - top tip of the collumn

Niche- -a shallow recess, especially one in a wall to display a statue or other ornament.

Contraposto - an asymmetrical stance, where the body carries the weight on one leg

linear perspective -orthogonals receding to vanishing points on the horizon.

coffer - recessed panel in ceiling

sacra conversazione - heavenly meeting/scene

madonna and saints

chiaroscuro - using lights and darks for modeling

sfumato delicate gradient of shading from light to dark smokey

terribilita powerful and immense angry force

Colossal order Pilasters

• colossal order is a greek or roman order but extended to two or more stories, veering away from classical proportions

Several artists had taken over bramante's work. Michelangelo was the last one and had recast the plans from the previous artist---->centrally focused.

Conservators(civilian authority in rome)

The same patter seen in the conservators palace is seen in st peters yet along the curvature of the building, windows instead of loggias.

Bramante initial design looked more like stairs but michelangelo made the only levels to be the dome and the rest of the building.

The desire was compactness and organic unity <-- colosal order adds to it

one cross and one square[+]

The energy thrusts upward

double shell from florence cathedral, gothic profile but shows the internal stress and links this the rest of the bulding witht hte lines through the double columns up to the top

small principalities in north italy smaller than grand duchy of tuscany or papal states.

Francesco Gonzaga was marquis

wife isabella deste was a great patron in early sixteenth century

son frederico became marquis in 1519 and then duke in 1530 by charlesV

frederico used arts to impress the emperor with his taste and wealth

frederico commisioned Giulio Romano for a villa outside the city

Giulio --> Raphael's chief assistant but came to mantua to follow Mantegna and Alberti

Low structure=>matched the flat land

smooth tuscan order columns

everything looks more cosmetic than structurally important, they break classical rules

• massive keystones

• the pediment is placed above arched central doorway

• the triglyphs between the columns is lowered, makes it seem like everything will fall

commissioned by pope ClementVll as public house for the texts that belonged to the medici family

Vestibule -->an antechamber, hall, or lobby next to the outer door of a building.

What is wrong:

• The pediment above the door is broken

• The pilasters framing the balnk niches taper downward

• columns are not of specific order

• The scrolls below the columns sustain nothing

• the columns are in the wall not protruding out, merging wall and columns where by the rules they are supposed to clear show separation

Ammanati did the staircase

hired by flagellants(penitent by whipping themselves)

Company of the Cross of the Day of Volterra chose the theme

Why the Cross is so big^^

composition --> unstable

forms are all on the same plane

musculature is reminiscent of michelangelos figure but drapery is sharp and brittle

low horizon -->figures against the backdrop of sky-->anxiety

light source is on the left and odd

complimentary colors

man in diaper is being supported by what? almost floating

only christ seems serene

Elongation

Jacopo friend and contemp. to rosso

Capponi Family commissioned for family chapel in Santa felicita in Florence

altar piece for the funerary chapel --> Pieta

(Traditional stage props)Lacks cross or any narrative so assumed pieta because the chapel was dedicated to it

-one cloud

-steep

lacks...

• a sense of weight

• linear or atmospheric persp

• accurate anatomy(proportional neck and torso)

squeezed into confined space

dancelike elegance

-circular composition

disaturated colors maybe inspired by the sistine chapel

the mourners experience grief alone

person in the front how is she standing on toes

The layering is odd

luther -->questioned transubstantiation but christ is raised like the eucharist

painted in italy

commissioned for a chapel in a church

pontormo

new testament iconography

exaggerated elegance

figures placed in the foreground to heighten theatricality

borrowed renaisance but reject some bits

artist purposely distroted the proportions

the style didnt appeal mostly to illiterate worshippers

he had to remove a previous fresco and some of his ceiling for this

replaces physical torment with spiritual agony, violent bodily contortions and timultuous atmosphere

Christ raises arm and dead rise

damned souls go down to Charon(pagan character)

naked bodies--spirit -->superhuman(idealized)

heads too small

muscles overdrawn

the body is distorted for the symbolism

one of his assistants was commisioned to cover the nudity after his death.

compressed space, dramatic composition and brilliant colors

Bartolomeo's skin has Michelangelo's face->He didnt feel worthy

female nude - staple for titian's repertoire

Phillip ll of spain(son of charlesV)

--princess beguiled by Jupiter in the form a whitebull, so as to avoid the his wife's jealousy

Europa admired the bull and climbed on him yet he started to swim away

loose brush

atmospheric perspective

grand architectural frameworks

avoids reference to the mystical

symmetrical composition

originally commision for a refectory of a dominican monastery

it was meant to be last supper

more interested to others than the important spiritual figure

actions of real people

venetians(melting pot)

inquisition was not fine with it

distracts from the ofcus

paint like titian and design like michelangelo

energetic composition and visionary effect

jesus is the center

cluttered scene-people, food/drink,animals

smoke--angels and cloud

focus on the transubstantiation

_clu

elbow frm the titians blue

elegant--his clothing--hypersofistocated --his face

-model taking a pose not candid(artifical effort, polish performance)

the masks(porceline skin,table, skirt, chairarm)

book is closed

confusing/puzzling -eyes

technically complex and skillful

tight brush stroke

doing it wrong was a way to show off

mannerism-->medici-->sophistication

shown in the act of painting

calm, reserved expression

black dress--modesty virtue

noble family in cremona

transforming triptych

for Monastery church of Order of St. Anthony at Isenheime

St anthony's fire was the specialty of the hospital attached to monastery

soothing baths and amputation was the treatment

crucifixion-->visible during the week

st sebastion and st anthony abbot--healer

twisted limbs-gangrenous like the patients

Christ is bigger than others

sundays and feastdays --the outer wings opened

--the annunciation, madonna and child with angels,The ressurection

therapy,treatment--music, herbs, baths, and light

color--red and pinks throughout

weight in the guards vs weight of Christ

oil, use of color

deep space low horizon

worked as printmaker

not commisioned but sold on the market

1500-->people had 2nd coming on their mind

during trip to italy saw and copied mantegna prints

eliminates logical space

strong contrast of black and white due to a variety of hash types

front facing -->authority

looked like christ-->his own piety

date and signature

great detail northern--van eyk

humanist

read across the eyes-->tools of artist(and hands)

28th year

in england

two men were friends

member of the Order of St. Michael--Jean
Bishop --rests arm on bible--patron of music
table reflects interests, earthly vs spiritual
anamorphic skull---things of the world are fleeting

crosses in the fish and elsewhere

mary and Joseph flee to egypt-->giving of the food

The bad scene with the oysters

the pretsel prayer

traveled to italy--cared more for landscape

Niclaes Jonghelink, an Antwerp merchant

-one of 6 panels that show seasons

frozen rec

one bunny

tire and exhaust

small little narative

patron Hans Franckert

italian persp

simple poridge

grain ---thrashing floor, beer the peasants drink, stacks on the wall

bride set a part by..=>folds hands and doesnt eat, green cloth with crown hanging behind, paper crown on head

country was flanders at time

he and his wealthy clients fascinated by peasant lifestyle

everyday life,genre, yet feels monumental

lot of feasting and beer

door

bride is a pyramid and modest

The king wanted to help france and rome to come to terms

occasion of engagement _{ann cleave}

_{power and authority}

_{almost square and fills the frame}

_{moving forward to us}

_{emphasize eyes focus our attention}

_{fur and hat and feathers jewels the halos of the neckline and}

_{lotos of rythm}

_{deep aqua contrasts the clothing}

_{sword and sheth}

Technical virtuosity(Naturalism, Chiaroscuro,figural comp)
Unbalanced compositions(rejecting serenity and confidence of high Ren.)
Complexity
Elegance
Erudite(intellectual, scholarly, educated) subject matter
Expressiveness
Distortions of proportions

• Elongated bodies

Artifice/exaggeration

Rubens--flanders(parts of netherlands belgium(antwerp is his hometown) france),ambassador,diplomat,intellectual

rubens was born protest and then converted to catholocism

Antwerp was fought over by catholics and protestant

truce and atwerp was being rebuilt

rubens 8 years in italy

triptych

physicality is very strong

eucharist---physicality of christ---has weight and is being lifted

northern attention to detail

tenebrism

ancient greek and roman

the diagonal receads back in space--eye shootsback--drama

---representation of action and emotion in ways meant to inspire the Catholic faithful

---an event unfolding before the viewer, as the men struggle to lift the weight of their burden.

---two men in the lower right are about to burst into the viewer’s space

---the diagonals with the side panel of the two other men who were crucified - opposing diagonals further create tension across the composition, heightening the viewer’s sense of drama and chaotic action.

pulling pushing straining

St. John the Evangelist and the Virgin Mary shown in quiet resignation and grief

---the group of women below is a stark contrast of overwrought emotion

its church was destroyed--St. Walburga

Christ may be looking up to God the Father

the three panels are visually unified through the landscape and sky.

biblical accuracy - the sky being darkened adn the scroll above christ

saint walpurgis

outer:

Saints Amandus and Walburga on the left and Saints Catherine of Alexandria and Eligius on the right

Hymen and Amor (Cupid) present this portrait to Henry IV, King of France

zigzag

Henry elegant gesture,the king is smitten

leave behind war for love

She was born in Antwerp, created some of the earliest still life's

Still life with Nuts, Candy and Flowers, many different containers

lots of different textures

Women mostly did still lifes because rarely worked with models

"genre" -- everyday life scenes

reflection(plate and pitcher) and detail -- naturalistic

mini self portraits to remind the viewer that she did paint it and was capable of painting

tight brushstroke

the knife is a common wedding gift so some believe that this painting was in celebration of her wedding

Willem Claesz, Heda. Still Life with Oysters, a Roemer, a Lemon, and a Silver Bowl. 1634. Oil on panel, 16 7 8 × 22 7 8 ″ (43 × 57 cm). Museum Boijmans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Willem Claesz. Heda. Still Life with Oysters, a Roemer, a Lemon, and a

memento mori - remember you will die

vanitas - Reminder of the brevity of life, pleasures are fleating

monochromatic

the reflections are masterfully depicted

the broken glass

aphrodisiacs -- pleasure -- fleeting

oysters--

lemon is peeled -- show of skills --luxury item from italy and spain

the food won't be good forever

earthly pleasures are fleeting--we will leave this earth soon

spiritual just not a icon

baroque-- diagonals the tipped, viewer involvemt with the paper

the disheveled table maybe suggests a hasty forced departure from the table

Rachel Ruysch, Flower

daughter of a Botanist

was aware of the science

memento mori -- some are wilting

like ispy

impossible boquet -- these flowers don't bloom in the same season

made for the open market

diagonal movement

tenebrism

great naturalism

Jacob van Ruisdael, View of Haarlem with Bleaching Grounds. ca. 1670. Oil on canvas, 21 2 3 × 24½″ (55.5 × 63 cm). Royal Cabinet of Paintings, Mauritshuis, The Hague.

Haarlem water was well known for its purity and so the city was famous for its linen bleaching and beer production

JAcob van Ruisdael Bleaching Grounds Near harlem

size -- small

windmills - familiar

flat city yet mightve found higher ground to

new - landscapes

moral -

the moving clouds

the linen bleaching - the light is not constant, the light is fleeting

holiness- the sunlight --- holiness in the worker,

he did many views of haarlem

Grote Kerk

Frans Hals. Banquet of the Officers of the St George Civic Guard

the group portrait is created by the dutch

voluntary militia, 1580s victory against spanish, turned into more of a fraternity with annual banquets

formal --elbow, clothing, flag

casual -- caught(transient) moment in time -- turned heads, the man about to cut the roast, raised wine glass

hals,vermeer,rembrandt ==>never traveled to itally

Frans Hals. The Jolly Toper 1628-30

five senses

mouth is partially open-- impression that they are speaking, sound, taste

the fingers --touch

the cup --taste, smell

he looks - eyes

the hat -- diagonal(dynamic angle) and contrast, set his face apart from the wall

loose brushstroke, sketchlike--like it was done very quickly

Judith Leyster, Self-Portrait. ca. 1633. Oil on canvas, 29 3 8 × 25 5 8 ″ (72.3 × 65.3 cm). National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss

Judith Leyster SElf -- portraitist and a genreist

member of the guild in haarlem

took on her own students(was a guild-master----> a master piece is what established one as a master)

postulated to have worked under halls

initial she was painting a self portrait

jolly musician

--- she matches him--she has freedom and joy in her craft

lace ruff--dutch baroque

shows her as confident and successful

still a selfportrait?

slightly open man as if she is turn towards us in an instant

Judith Leyster The proposition 1631

this mood is so dark

tavern scenes -- implied prostitution usually there would be a procuras(pimp) possibly being paid(men and women enjoying themselves(thesepaintings typically done by men)

contrast that with the creepy man trying to pay the women who was working

(she is not having fun) ->a man probably would paint the women interacting with the man and accepting his proposal

candlelight = intimacy

Georges de La Tour, Joseph the Carpenter. ca. 1642. Oil on canvas, 51⅛ × 39 3 4 ″ (130 × 100 cm). Musée du Louvre, Paris

Georges de La Tour Joseph the carpenter

intimacy here -- heads almost tic

cross in the ahl

tools, shaving --carpenter

the light comes from christ's face

joseph has a sad face

they are so close to us

tenebrism

French Royal Academy

grand manner

Absolute power

classicism

'Ideal' and 'Idyllic' landscapes

------------------------------------

nicolas Poussin

went to rome and wanted to stay but the king told him to return

he taught at the academy

the death of germanicus(roman story) -- noble heroic theme

soldiers morning and vowing to avenge

abduction(rape--means abduction) of sabine women(founding of rome)

high contrast

pose of giovanni bologna

intelectual style---read it like a book

looks posed---used wax sculptures

noble and heroic scene

The little mermaid -- mary magdelen

death and repentance -

One of three monumental canvases devoted to St. Matthew that he painted for the Contarelli Chapel

Patron- Cardinal del Monte

One of the Conversion Stories -- part of the counter reformation so that people will be inspired and receive conversion for themselves

Oriented so that Christ is also pointing to us

The figures are less idealized

-used live models-->figures are ordinary people(unclean clothes, imperfect features)

sacred subject depicted so entirely in terms of contemporary lowlife

wearing roman clothes

Christ has a halo

the hand(Sistine chapel--creation of Adam) may indicate the spirituality

Matthew's coworkers are ignorant to the presence of Christ

The light -- Christ's presence->He is the light -- the light is so charged with meaning; it's what makes this painting powerful

Caravaggio's use of tenebrism-->created a dramatic feel but also suggested the idea of divine light, the light is a shock factor

muted tones, black background

paul is foreshortened, its like paul has fallen into the viewer's space(viewer involvement)

his body also creates a diagonal

hit by light, source is on the left

They fill up the space and are so close to the foreground

horse takes up most of the space(people complained abt horse butt)

father was a court paintre to Charles I

Apocryphal story of the Jewish widow Judith

• she saved her people by killing the drunk assyrian general Holofernes in is tent

• might conquered by virtue and innocence

We don't know what she looks at--suspense

the candlelit atmosphere -->mystery

She was treated less fairly because she was a woman

She depicted herself as the Painting itself

Cesare Ripa’s description of La Pittura in his popular Iconologia (1593)

• a beautiful woman

• disheveled black hair

• wearing a gold chain which hangs from her neck

• holding a brush in one hand and a palette in the other.

Carlo maderno was seen to be the most talented young architect

commissioned by the papacy cuz who else am I right lol

The colossal columns get closer together in the center, the pilasters turn into columns

--->emphasizes the portals, crescendo/swell

Bernini was Maderno's assistant

The welcoming arms of the church

oval and a trapezoid

designed to be the internal focal point, directly under michelangelo's dome

Baldacchino ->"The Canopy"

They believe st. peter is buried beneath

the twisted columns are reminiscent of the old St. Peters, they are to mean victory and were thought to have been the design of Solomon's temple

He used actual leaves, vines, fruits, and even lizards and cast them in bronze for the decoration.

fusion of sculpture and architecture.

expressive energy that it may be considered as the epitome of Baroque style

The structure is so wavy

Cardinal Barberini---in the future-->pope urbanVIII

Its like David's pose is plucked from the actual scene(not self-contained but as half of a pair--Goliath being the other half.

David's whole body is focused on Goliath not just his eyes

body is less idealized, lifesize

intense facial expression ---modeled after his own face--mirror held by Barberini lol

The moment of action

strong diagonals

in the viewers space

St Teresa was a spanish saint(Catholic nun)

• she had visions, another conversion scene

• an angel pierced her multiple times, physical and spiritual reaction

Everything is set up like an opera --Reflects Bernini's passion for theater

a window above her shed natural light upon the fixture

Zurbaran also began in Seville

Quiet intensity

St. Serapion shows an early member of the Mercedarians (Order of Mercy) who was brutally murdered by pirates in 1240

Placed in funerary chapel of the order

Subject is in the foreground, dark background

Reverent

still life inspiration from pieter Aertsen and others from the netherlands(spanish territory)

Toledo school of still-life painters

The tiny string holding a large cabbage teases the viewer with anxiety

subject matter in direct sunlight against impenetrable darkness is the hallmark of early Spanish still-life painting.

The window frames the scene

Vanitas -- the cut fruit will go bad

the cucumber sticks off the sill of the window and cut into the viewers space

Velazquez was court painter to Philip IV

introduced to titian by rubens

He painted this portrait while in Rome -- the pope left him hanging

it is of his Sevillian assistant and servant of Moorish descent, Juan de Pareja (an artist himself)

It stunned rome -- so lifelike

3quarters

Both a group portrait and a genre scene

he depicts himself working on a big work

the king and queen's reflection on the mirror

the light hits the princess(the subject) Margaritas

She was the only child of the king and queen who survived

Velasquez shows himself in very fancy clothing -- his personal ambition as an artist and a noble

van Dyck famous for portraits in in london

dismounted equestrian portrait

full command of the state(the horse), the horse bows to him

elbow sticking out

he was short and wished to make himself look taller

comical

everyone is happy but the brother who got coal yet he isn't to be sad for long because his grandma has his gift in the back

delightful details like the bread, the lollies

the doll is saint john--- spiritual over the worldly

The night watch, originally not a night scene

reminiscent of the banquet of the civic guards

Captain Frans Banning Cocq

yellow jacket- lieutenant

the chicken feet -- represented the group

the girl was a mascot for the group

very lively and energetic, like something is about to start,

the drummer, the diagonals, the tenebrism

many self portraits

can trace his aging

he shows himself stablished at a certain point

he makes a statement of himself as a artist

old versions--looks like albrecht dureer

hands and head -- tools and artist

ful frontal--looks more like an earthly king than Christ -->

he has a sash and a sceptor(mahl stick)

titian, rubens, velasquez-----loose brushstroke

thickly applied oil paint -- impasto

he's not trying to hide his imperfections

Hundred Guilder PRint

sold for a lot of money

made for the open market

This is religious imagery but it wasn't made for a church, it was made for people's homes

matthew 19

Christ traveling and healing people

people who look like they need healing

suffer the children

Christ's hand points towards a kid

the rich young ruler -- the far left

Jesus Emanates light

His face is full of love and mercy

tenebrism some figures are just outlines

Woman holding a balance

spent a lot of time working o each

composition

balance --figure and the shadow opposite to her

the balance is in the center

uses pinkie to balance

weighing wealthy objects -- earthly things

she might be pregnant

she is weighing more than just objects

face--contemplative

last judgement behind her---she is in the middle --not leaning to the saved or the the people in hell.

where does she stand

her vale has so much contrast

the light is coming in

vermeer was catholic--->married to a catholic and converted

Jan Vermeer, Girl with the Pearl Earring

wasnt a portrait but a character -- like the jolly musician

She is a foreign women

pearl is not a pearl but is tin

"The Dutch monalisa"

live pose--looking back

open lips a glance

that face could mean manythings--mystery

• What does “Arcadia” refer to? 

• ---Arcadia means the mythic or ideal place. 

• What period of art are the figures in this painting based on? 

• ---The figures in this painting are based on ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. The way the drapery is painted is very classical and the woman’s head is painted in profile 

• What is the message on the tomb that one of the figures points to? 

• ---The message on the tomb says, “even Death is in arcadia.” 

• What elements of the painting suggest a passage of time? 

• ---The following are elements that suggest a passage of time: there is a sunset, and the tomb is old and worn out. The figures also seem mid-action. 

made in rome for the secretary to pope urbanVIII

This painting depicts Saint John writing in the book of Revelation about the end of time and the second coming

The eagle is a traditional symbol of Saint John seen in various works of art. 

The Ideal Landscape is a made-up landscape that is perfectly composed and peaceful. The incorporation of the different monuments of different places and times like the Obelisk from the Egyptians, and the classical temple and ruins alludes to the fact that this place is not real. There is no sense of time of day. 

Ideal----serene, balanced, beautiful

A passage of time is suggested by the ruins and the fact that John is writing about the end of time. 

first to paint oil studies outdoors

didnt aim for topographical accuracy but to evoke poetic essence,

many fo his paintings are visual narratives from ancient texts

hazy, luminous atmosphere of early morning or late afternoon

nostalgia

That is, his sunlight (often sunsets) is at the center and at the horizon line of the painting so that the architecture and other elements in the foreground or middleground appear almost as silhouettes

we dont take steps deeper and deeper

This was painted for the middle class. 

The artists were trying to show their dignity and humility. They are posed with straight postures and are depicted with a quiet strength. 

Characteristics of this painting that are classical are the balanced composition, the naturalism in the proportion, the sharp folds of the drapery, and the strong vertical and horizontal lines. 

Three ways simplicity is emphasized  is by the back and foreground being very simple, the color scheme being very narrow, and the portrayal of mundane foods. 

The king shows that he has absolute power by placing himself in the very center of the painting, and showing him with the scepter, the sword, the crown, the throne, and his royal attire. 

He is say that he is the state and has absolute power. 

Louis IV compared himself to the Sun god Apollo. 

The painting was placed above the throne in his stead and it was forbidden that people turn their back to the painting. 

resembles van Dyck's CharlesI

draped with his velvet coronation robes lined with ermine and trimmed with gold fleurs-de-lis.

tall--he was short

dancer's legs

Baroque classicism

Louis XIV moved his court to the Palace of Versailles because it was big and lavish, he wanted to isolate his court from possible corruptions from other people 

The hall of mirrors was the hallway to Louis XIV’s private chapel, and it was also used for parties and dances. 

One of the walls has big windows facing the gardens, and the other wall holds 357 mirrors. 

The Paris Peace Conference took place at the Palace of Versailles where the treaty of Versailles was signed after WWI. 

Energy and Movement

Dynamic Balance (Diagonals, curves, countercurves, etc.)

High Contrast (Chiaroscuro & Tenebrism)

Emotion

Element of Time

Viewer Involvement(into the viewers space, The figures in the foreground)

Naturalism of the Renaissance

Art as a means to conversion -- The Ectasy of Teresa, St. Paul

Caravaggio introduces tenebrism and influences Baroque Art for the rest of the century

Velazquez carries on Titian's technique of the loose brushstroke

-Luxury, Opulence

-Aristocratic Tastes

-Conspicuous Leisure

-Pastel Colors

-Subjects of Love, Flirtation

-Fantasy

-Private, Intimate Scenes

-Lush Landscapes

in the MET in NY

more like an apartment

salon -- living room, art show(in the royal academy), periodic (upper-class) party-gathering 20+(more intimate) -- hosted by women

these rooms became social centers-->rise in demand for interior designers

buildings were also cramped so the interiors were focused on by the architects

designed about 1735 by Nicolas Pineau (1684–1754) for the duchesse de Villars

Witty and quick but you hid your emotions

chinoiserie-inspired some of his work, maybe not this one

he was known for designing salon interiors

rococo central europe -->gilt-decorated white walls

aristocracy funded most of the works

did this as a student

• his entrance painting to the royal academy, turned in late

• yet this painting caught the eye of the academy

• it didnt fit any category(sections in the academy --- still life, landscape, history, portraiture)

• They made a new category -- Fete Galante(outdoor entertainment for the aristocracy)

Cythera -- where Venus washes up after she is born from the sea, the island of love

Are they leaving or going?

different stages of a dance and falling in love

crisis -- ruben(colorist) vs poussin(lines)

Watteau was a Rubenist--->he was born in a place that used to be a part of the nederlands

paintings typically had little mythological or historical basis

--->his work broke rules and didnt fit into a category so they made a new one for him -->"fete galante"

a sense of longing and unrealized passion, young couples surrounded by putti

Jean-Antoine Watteau, Gersaint’s Signboard. 1721

oil

created to advertise his friend's(Edmé Gersaint) art gallery and store

he was sick with tuberculosis and hoped that painting this would help him in his recovery

he died shortly after

very elegant and expensive items

-mirrors, paintings, clocks

the man in the blue is so elegant - position like a dance

the natural, elegant poses are admirable

student of watteau and rose to prominence after his death

-gets job as a court painter for her

• she came from a middle class background

• she had a court position--mistress of the king

• she was a fashion setter

• she was more than pretty, books, pen and ink, drawings/maps-->she was educated

This painting was for her promotion to the queens lady in waiting

pompadour -- floof hair

voluminous turquoise dress with ribbons and roses show opulence

shown in her boudoir

she had an affinity for Venus-->cupid clock, roses, pearls

lax and casual mood-->leans back into the seat like the woman in blue in Watteau's Gersaint's Signboard

horizontal/vertical lines, diagonal lines on her side of the room

Chardin --> middle class but was skillful enough to join the Royal Academy, he was treasurer of the french academy and was in charge of installing the paintings at the exhibitions

painted for middle class

themes:

virtuous living, hard work, kindness, frugality, honesty, and devotion to family

rip in the sleeve

half length and life size figures-->a scene we could witness in the real world

it is inspired by Dutch still life's -->vanitas

bubble -- vanitas, memento mori

conspicuous leisure, private/intimate scenes

23-year-old emerging artist working in city of Ipswich

in celebration of their marriage and the combining of their fortunes

"conversation piece" --candid interaction of a group of people in nature--->they break this tradition by looking at the viewer yet the relaxed poses and the setting point to conversation piece

they were much wealthier than him-->disdain in her face

to the left rather than in the middle like typical portraits

use of pastel colors

unfinished -->bird in lap

rakes progress

William Hogarth. The Rake’s Progress. ca. 1734

for middle and lower class

subject: aristocracy and their flaws

collectibles-- people wanted to buy the whole series of prints

-Patronage more and more from rising middle-class merchants, bankers, private collectors

-New Subject Matter: portraits, views of home interiors, still-lifes, genre scenes (depiction of everyday life) and landscapes

-Non-religious art with moral messages: vanitas symbols and memento mori themes

• skulls

• music-- is played and evaporates

• butterflies

• bubbles

• flowers

• Protestant Reformation

• Catholic Counter-Reformation

• Tenebrism

• Colossal Order

• Genre Scene

• Vanitas symbol

• Memento Mori

• Baroque Classicism

• Grand Manner

• Intellectual Style

• Ideal Landscape

• Idyllic Landscape

Rosalba Carriera. Charles Sackville, ca. 1730

Pastels -- the people wer in passing and couldnt wait in venice to long

pastel -- hazy, chalky finish

venice was a popular place for The Grand Tour

Canaletto, Entrance to the Grand Canal, Venice, c. 1730

oil

commissioned by joseph smith who then made it a reoccurring thing

He quickly painted a lot of these to sell to the tourists

He used a Camera Obscura but may have adjusted some of the views or made composites in order to tweak the composition

like a postcard with recognizable landmarks

lots of detail

this is something people who went on the grand Tour would bring home as a part of their collection

a shift from countryside to city scapes(buildings)

Jacques-Louis David. The Death of Marat. 1793

Oil on canvas, 65 × 50½″

David was a revolutionary

He painted a revolutionary(Marat)-->He published revolutionary pamphlets(editor of a paper for the people as opposed to the aristocracy)

He had a skin condition where he had to soak in the bathtub

Charlotte Corday stabbed him

The desk is like a tombstone. it and the knife poke out into the space of the viewer

It memorializes Marat as a martyr

He depicts marat's skin clean and not sored even though he was notoriously unattractive and covered

The deposition pose is a call back to Christ and how he also died for a cause(a political martyr)

--appropriated religious iconography for secular glorification

Austerity and reduction--->the background is very plain

this is a lie however because his real bathroom was much more lavish

Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures,ca. 1785

born in Switzerland, studied in Rome, and moved to London

she was a founding member of the royal academy, friends with joshua reynolds the first president of the academy

denied access to study the male nude so her paintings are remarkable given that she lacked a model

raided Greek and Roman literature for her subjects

It is special that she painted figures because women weren't allowed to work with live models or had little practice with figure drawing

Roman story of the Gracchi sons

cornelia grachus displays her sons as her prized possessions in reaction to her visitor who was showing off her gems and jewels

champions child-rearing and family duty over materialism

fights the stereotype of women-->the mother is proactive and in control rather than helpless and vulnerable

Planarity

Jean-Baptiste Greuze. The Village Bride. 1761, Oil on canvas,

he defined the popular style of genre painting in france at this time, this painting was very popular

protestant wedding

the moment the father gives his SIL a dowry

the notary records the acceptance of the dowry seated near by

Its a small dowry but he accepts it

it was featured in the Salon-->everyone could go

this painting was the crowd favorite

serious and moral subject, honest relations

planarity, posed like they are on a stage

rousseou -- the poor are model humans

the painting displays their virtue-->modesty, hardwork, familial love and dedication

austerity, nothing fancy

Jean-Antoine Houdon. Voltaire Seated. 1781

Terra-cotta model for marble original

houdon was scientific and empirical, cared less about fantasy-->he did mostly portraits

roman robes and headband, antique style chair

sagging skin, slumped shoulders not idealized

He also did Washington and Franklin

Voltaire--progress, every invention would make the world a better place

Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun. Self-Portrait with Daughter. 1789

Oil on panel, 47 2 3 × 35½″

"""

wasnt a part of the aristocracy and she was very good at portraiture(she flattered the subject)

to do this as a profession you needed a license ---you had to be a member of the royal academy and she wasn't accepted

She married an art dealer who had contacts---mary antoinette --- she paints her and mary antoinette wants her to be her portrait painters so antoinette gets her to join the royal academy

"""

Austerity --> plain background, warm

people did start dressing like romans but she didnt really wear that, the neoclassicism in David's work influenced portraiture as well

pyramidal composition

she presents herself apart from the aristocracy --- 1789(the french revolution)

Rousseau called for greater parental involvement in child-rearing-->part of the inspiration

she is mainly labeled a Rococo artist, Rococo style is still noticeable in this painting

Benjamin West. The Death of General Wolfe. 1770 (America)

Oil on canvas, 59½ × 84″

perhaps most responsible for popularizing contemporary history painting is Benjamin West

A Quaker born and raised just outside of Philadelphia, West went to Rome in 1760

proud of american yet settle in london, one of the founders of the royal academy

no..

• classical structures, clothing, theme

the lack of classical clothing was looked down upon by the king and even some of his contemporaries yet when it was debuted it was highly praised

French and indian war scene in Quebec, Canada

the turning point in the war was this battle and Wolfe was considered hero because of it

The noble savage -- roman pose with the profile

Heroic death scene -- not in vain, martyr, sacrifices for a cause and dies for his country(patriotism/nationalism)

lamentation scene yet the emotions are controlled

Planarity -->no great foreground or background, all figures or subjects are the same distance from the viewer( spread out like on a stage)
Tight brushwork
Serious, moralistic subjects
Austerity(Serious, strict) and reduction of form -->simplicity, only putting the necessary

the figures are posed classically, profiles, contrapposto

Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, 1772 (America)

Classicism in archictecture

classic structures represent democracy and experimenting with it

establishes seriousness,official

based on the pantheon--greek temple front and the dome on the back

The old city of pompeii was rediscovered, excavated

-This old city was preserved

--> new interest in classical life because of the discoveries at pompeii

calm grandeur, highlighted greek art -- gengs-- book

The enlightment --logic and virtue

-->Industrial Revolution(Factories, Britain c.1760)

-->Political Revolution(France, America, Greece...)

Philosopher Rousseau -->Praised the poor as more virtuous,Moral

The transition from rococo to neoclassic was very ubrupt

Planarity -->no great foreground or background, all figures or subjects are the same distance from the viewer
Linearity
Tight brushwork
Even lighting
Sculptural forms
Classical architecture, figures, dress, and themes
Serious, moralistic subjects
Strong hero figures
Austerity(Serious, strict) and reduction of form -->simplicity, only putting the necessary
Nationalism expressed through patriotism

-strong passion---

--story-telling, telling the stories of their own time, mythical stories

--untraditional hero figure, nameless, not willing to die for a cause

Francisco Goya, The Family of Charles IV, 1800, Oil on canvas, 9′2″ × 11′

Goya was the royal portraitist for Charles IV and his father

It feels awkward, they have a feeling of discomfort, fear, loneliness

some figures aren't facing the viewer, aren't fully visible

He could've made them look better, yet he exposes that they are ordinary

why was it acceptable?

the family was impressed by the skillful brushwork that reflected the textures well

imitates velazquez's las meninas -- the casual look

Goya didn't quite respect him as much as his father

the queen is in the same pose as the princess margarita

the mirror is missing and what are they looking at

--->they are looking at the mirror

Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808, 1814, Oil on canvas, 8′9″ × 13′4″

french ocupation of spain-->1808

goya made many works about the occupation in the following years

1807-->charles abdicates, 1808 -->his son is deposed

painted after Napoleon had been deposed

second part of the 2nd of may

there was an uprising in madrid and the rebels were killed

after that anyone on the streets were killed

he painted this as a personal outcry

--antiwar statement

it was also a way to gain royal favor again

firing squad

-faceless, insect-like, machine-like

man in white:

brightest thing, reminiscent of Christ

yellow and white--> colors of the papacy

Stigmata

He isn't a traditional hero figure, he is innocent, he is an innocent victim not willing to die for a cause

not an antihero

**The AntiHero--does the right things for the wrong reason**

loos brushwork

Francisco Goya, Saturn Devouring his Son, 1819-1823

he made prints about the superstitions that he criticized

He felt women were repressed and he would share his opinions on society

los Caprichos--the follies of society

Fantasy united with reason is the mother of arts

John Henry Fuseli. Thor Battering the Midgard Serpent. 1790

a tale from Nibelungenlied-->the story of the demise of the Gods and the universe

The position of the thor

the viewer is down in the water with the serpent

thor --antihero, fights for personal reasons

in the end the midgard serpent poisons him and he dies

sublime horror

loose brushstroke

William Blake. Elohim Creating Adam, 1795, Monotype with pen and watercolor, 17 × 21⅛″

monoprint -->paint on a surface like glass and would press

a poet--known more for his poetry

he would illustrate his poems

believed in rouseau -->inherent innocence and purity, return to the spiritual

he belonged to the royal academy(left within a year of joining) but hated the rules not just of the academy but of europe saying it was a microcosm of what was found in the rest of the west

he believed he was an artist in his premortal life(A premortal existence wasn't an uncommon idea)

people enjoy his expressionism

adam is grounded in nature and is still pure when he is first created

not naturalistic, flat

John Constable. The Haywain (Landscape: Noon), 1821,Oil on canvas, 51¼ × 73″

He was admitted into the academy but found it not helpful so he return to his home to study nature--he made many sketches and studies of pieces of nature like the sky

hawain -- contracted (hay wagon)

calm day on his family home

everyday life

its so ordinary yet so personal to him

nostalgia, national pride -- romantic idea

the dark clouds are factory smoke

wanted to show landscapes as important as history paintings so he painted on larger canvases

this was entered into the Salon show

JMWTurner, Snowstorm: Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps, 1812

He wanted to outdo Lorrain and Ruisdael

He embedded historical and mythological subjects in his landscapes

Sublime

roman story--->hannibal leads carthage troops across the french alps for a surprise attack on the romans

the troops plunder the alpine villages for supplies and are unaware of the snow storm

nature over man -->statement regarding napolean

hannibal is a speck in the bottom right corner

foolishness of imperialism

Sublime! -->something in nature that invokes awe, fear, wonder

Roman story -->Hannibal on an elephant

nature is more scary and more powerful than man

-->maybe a criticism on Napolean

JMW Turner, The Slave Ship, 1840

criticized by contemporaries who said his paintings were unreadable

he did minor contemporary events

inspo vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

poem-->sharks follow a slaveship in a typhoon

newpaper reported slavejettison

you could collect insurance if the slaves didn't die on board

the sick and dying slaves were thrown off board to secure the insurance during the storm

shown in an antislavery convention --> plea to other countries

thick impasto

foreground-->human suffering, hands, bloody water, sharks

the struggle of daily life, the brutality and strength of nature(sublime)

Caspar David Friedrich, Monk by the Sea, c. 1810

Sublime -->The monk is so small, nature is bigger and more powerful, nature is a temple

big sky, very barren

life contemplating death -->returning to be a part of nature

golden ratio

paint what he sees but also what he see in himself

Caspar David Friedrich. Abbey in an Oak Forest, 1809–10

pantheism -> God's presence in nature

bleak, unsettling, transition from life to afterlife

this scene is death

companion piece to the monk, believed to be the monk's funeral-->the pallbearers are wearing the same thing as the monk

The ruins are older than the monk, the trees are older, the moon is older than them all

nostalgia -->gothic ruin

winter--> leafless trees-->death

scene of hope because of the promise of the spring, the cross--new life, new day tmmr

new moon--resurrection-->he was interested in cyclic passages like the seasons

napoleon invasion -->death of german nationalism---oak trees and the abbey-symbols of their people

Thomas Cole. The Oxbow , 1836

an actual american, pioneers of the art scene in america

the oxbow is a river that loops and then cuts

painted civilization that rise and fall

American art---started with shop sign makers -->untrained

then English trained artists came to America

mostly portraiture but landscape soon overshadowed it

the land was believed to be God-given and blessed, it was virgin and bursting with natural resources

american artists wished to reflect themselves(like how the english had gothic and roman structures to call back to) and their land-->vast areas of wilderness

on mount holyoke in wester massachussets

Wild untamed nature on the left(sublime), and the foreground besides Cole himself

the right side is the agrarian nature -->sunlit, divine, blessed by God

pastoral tranquility of the plains, agrarian fields blend in with the rest of nature

hebrew words on the hill in the back -- "noah", "the almighty"

-a new start, earth, a land dedicated to God

self portrait in the foreground

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Portrait of Napoleon on His Imperial Throne. 1806

he wanted to build the french empire

Ingres --painter for napoleon. student of David, tight/blended brushstroke, line, famous portraitist

shows neoclassical roots-->planarity

deification-->zeus

why is he not neoclassic?

it is dramatic--->two scepters(old kings of France and justice), the throne(Ghent throne of God the Father), exotic(fabric, rug, the ermine dots(tails))

nostalgia --> van eyck ghent altarpiece

Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon in the Pesthouse at Jaffa, 1804,Oil on canvas, 17′5½″ × 23′7½″

he was another student of David, charged by napoleon to paint his campaigns

french soldiers who've contracted the plague--the area of palestine

like christ touching a leper, healing

This is lie because he poisoned them

nationalism - flag

exoticism -- islamic arches with point and the horseshoe

the damned man from the sistine chapel

it lacks austerity--very busy

Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1818–19

horrific themes

The captain was an aristocrat who represented Louis XVIII

the reinstatement of Louis was looked down upon and this was a reason

the people on the raft were rescued two weeks later

bipyramidal composition

strong diagonals

tight brsuhwork

Michelangelesque nudes

no heroes

human misery and insanity

Eugène Delacroix, Scenes from the Massacre at Chios, 1824

first artist to be called a romantic

he was a friend of gericault and posed for the raft of the medusa

another revolution --->greeks revolted against the turks

every single citizen of chios was either killed or enslaved

he sympathizes with the greeks, he portrays them suffering, vulnerable, no hero figure, the greeks are christians and the turks are muslim, sympathizes with any people and their rights

he saw haywain and decided to change the sky

human misery and suffering

democracy and personal freedom

two pyramids but the villain is at the apex instead of a hero

history painting at its core

liberty looks heroic but she isn't a person, she is an allegory-->similar to the statue of liberty

les mis was influenced by the painting

fraternity, liberty, equality--values

i haven't fought for my country but at least ill paint for it

subtle order

she looks back to ensure those she leads, her head is in profile-->leader, coin

the phrygian cap--> freedom, given to freed slaves in rome to signify their emancipation

far left factory worker with sword

child under him with the sword

the man with the black coat and top hat

Gavroche with the two pistols-->revolution isn't just for the adults

oil

based on a poem by Lord Byron, not a true story at all

a wicked assyrian general-->he was to be the last king, rather than fight back he wants everyone to die with him, he just watches them suffer without care

exoticism --> lord byron didn't know this people, neither did Delacroix

all the S shapes-->like everything will burst into flames

fascinating horror

visited moroco -- algiers

very important discovery VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

he was impressed with the light--> shadows are made of color

corot ---landscapes ---teacher to a lot of impressionists

like claude lorain --> told people to paint outdoors

he has a romantic side

Gustave Courbet. Burial at Ornans. 1849–50

nothing is idealized

courbet's own family

he painted his own world, not history or mythology, therefor radical

--->art of the people, not the academy, on a big canvas(rival history painting)

there is no clear focal point, the figures are positioned in a more candid and random way

the dog was insulting

Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers. 1849

painted after the communist manifest

the man might be too old and the boy might be too young

no one can escape work

Rosa Bonheur. Plowing in the Nivernais. 1849

began when she was 14 y/o--->her father was an artist

the scale was huge

the backs of the cattle follow the horizon line

the cattle give a feeling of strength

this painting is a reassuring that France was still a strong country with good land

not a subject women would paint, she was very bold

Édouard Manet. The Luncheon on the Grass (Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe). 1863

a flaneur--a man about town, dresses well, social

the position from the raimondi engraving of Raphael's judgement of paris

manet's brother and his model

nude--venus, spirits

naked--they should or would have clothes off

her clothes are off with these fully dressed men--> show me angel and ill paint her, he was depicting what he did have in fron of him, he didn't see a venus but could paint this

she confronts us confidently

she is flat and outlined, she is pale

opening another show for all the rejects-->salon de refusee

the painting was showed at the reject show

loosely painted-->looks unfinished

the railway

cuttoff--ukiyoe, photography

we dont see a train, unusual composition

blue with detail of white, white with detail of blue

cafe concert

--awkward, nothing ideal

Edgar Degas. The Dance Class, 1885

• depicts the superstars of the day-->a rehearsal room in the opera house

• the compressed space, the floor rises upbruptly --ukiyo-e

Thomas Eakins, Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, 1871 (Realism in America)

he looks at us-->just a glance, he is in the middle of the painting

Schmitt was his friend who wins

shows a love for outdoor activities

small canvas

warm colors

true to the nature, the wake and the foliage

Kitagawa Utamaro, Naniwa Okita Admiring Herself in a Mirror, ca. 1790–95

Ukiyo-e -> pictures of the floating world

Katsushika Hokusai, The Great Wave, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, c. 1830-32

polychrome (multi-colored) woodblock print

interplay with near and far-->mount fuji is smaller than the wave, the ocean mist-->snow on the mountain

great sense of movement

-->looking down on the street

-->the seasons-->they've been open to the dutch for a long time and were influenced by their landscapes

-->love of chopping,cropping things off, maybe in the close foreground but cuttoff

these influence art moving foward

french started to write about color theory

realistic--> true to real life, real conditions, real people, not idealized and not fantasized

• French poet and critic Charles Baudelaire argued that the arts should reflect the here-
  and-now

• Emphasis on ordinary, everyday, modern experience; neither idealized nor dramatized

• Championed laborers and common people

• inpired by communist manifesto

• more about content than style

Claude Monet. The Gare Saint-Lazare: Arrival of a Train. 1877

the smoke covers the architecture, train-->he cared about light

mix of the classes-->at train station

he did series of this station

he wanted to depict the atmosphere and the mist

Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral, 1893

series of 30

he visited this town for a funeral, and was captivated by it so he return multiple times

he grew to hate it

loose brushstroke

he enjoyed doing studies and getting lightin just right(he would paint at specific times of day)

Auguste Renoir. Dance at La Moulin de la Galette, 1876

spotty light--> the lighting peering through the trees

no specific focal point

after a lot of political upheaval-->shift from seriousness to leisure especial of the bourgeoisie

mix of classes (the different hats)

everything is pushed forward, everything is compressed

Auguste Renoir. Luncheon of the Boating Party. 1881

calm and relaxed

painted outside and in the studio

stronger sense of line than the dance at moulin de la gallett

the different classes(hats)

capturing the fleeting moment

flickering of light--stripe blazer

color in his shadows

Camille Pissarro. Climbing Path, L’Hermitage, Pontoise. 1875

he was in every impressionist show

jewish

didnt paint the city of paris as much as others

painted the countryside more(closer to where he lived

comblex structures-->gives us paths for outr eyes but its still flat

he believed in (seizon)

Berthe Morisot. Cradle, 1872

Berthe Morisot. Summer’s Day, ca. 1879

loosebrushstokes-->one of the most loosest

en plein air -->painted outside

cropped, the diagonal, flat = japanese prints

focus on light--->capturing colors

everyday life--->the bourgeois leisure

caught moment in time

Mary Cassatt. The Child’s Bath. 1891–92

it feels more tight in brushstroke

flat--pattern on pattern

unique angle-->their heads are tilted down

the mother assures the scared daughter,

Mary Cassatt, In the Loge, 1878

the private boxes at opera-->one of the places she could be

loose brushwork--> figures in the background are just a couple of brushstrokes

sweeping diagonal-->japanese prints

sandwhich by viewer and other person's gaze

she has the power of looking herself

upper middle class/nouveau riche
times of day/year
look of ukiyo-e (Japanese prints)

William Holman Hunt. The Awakening Conscience. 1853

she is entrappped by her lover, everything is new and bought for her yet they arent married

symbols -->cat catching the bird, the glove-->her-->she can be discarded

he plays her a nostalgic song for her and she realizes her past and that she can return to innocence and purity

there is a lot of strong colors

industrialization--->women had to resort to prostitution in the city, repentance-->remembering where her life should go and that she can return to that

William Morris started a company that made items for homes emphasizing craftsmanship and
truth to materials(he thought it would create a sense of spirituality)

Nature was an important inspiration

also an interest in medieval, symmetrical

birds, flowers, rabbits

John Ruskin-->supported the PRB and Morris Co.

sounds-->music, paint-->color

Whistler compared art to music, which depends on harmony and form rather than subject
matter

James Abbot McNeill Whistler. Nocturne in Black and Gold: ca. 1875

music composition -->nocturne(at night)

inspired by fireworks he saw

loosebrush

John Singer Sargent, Madame X, 1897(1884--the reall)

displayed in the salon

originally had one strap off her shoulder

a full body portrait-->uncommon

glamorous, scandalous

hair style,profile, huntress diana iconography, marblelike-->ancient greece

it was a blow to his reputation

John Singer Sargent, Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, 1885-86

he was staying with a friend after taking the hit to his reputation

like we look from above

he painted outside much like monet

the smaller flowers at the bottom of the painting --> Japanese print influence

aesthetic-->the repetition of lights and darks--> musical

with the rise of photography

-->why make things look realistic when we have a tool for that

vangogh--dutch, tried many careers and was unsuccessful, longed for a universal harmony, didn't get along with people

seurat--wanted to employ scientific findings in art-->color theory, wanted his work to have a classical feeling, he caused a stir at the impressionist

toulouse-lautrec --> nightlife,seedier cafes, genetic disorder, born to a wealthy family

Gaughin -- went to tahiti, stockbroker--collected impressionist art

cezanne--interested in showing diff points of view(the cookie), he got one single painting in the salon, father of modern art

Paul Cézanne. Still Life with Apples in a Bowl. 1879–83

seems pretty ordinary

loosebrushwork-->brushes seem structural

the tilt of the table feels very exagerates

the brushwork on the cloth depict structure yet the wallpaper which is supposed to be flat has similar strokes.

the bowl->we are looking from above but as our eyes go down the bowl, the bowl looks like its from the side

----->more than 1 point of view

Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. ca. 1885–87

lots of color, loosebrush, painting outside

the leaves on the trees could be the sky because they have the same structural quality as the clouds

what is structural, what is flat

the mountain has a really strong outline-->goes against impressionism, goes against atmospheric perspective

the great wave--->looks similar_->the mountain is overtaken by the tree, -->a play between what is near and whats far

the plane feels flat

Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900

makes it clear that its paint

he flattens of space

exploring new things

classical calm not developed through religion-->maybe science

avoid black shadows

Georges Seurat. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. 1884–86

died at age 31

small number of monumental paintings

pointilism-->doing little dots

divisionism-->dividing color

neo-impressionism

strong sense of shape eventhough there are no lines

impressionism influence

• playing with light in shadow

• he's been outdoors

• he plays with brush stroke

• mix of social classes

• celebrating leisure in paris

classical-->profiles, frontfacing view, not a fleetingmoment-frozenintime

seems very controlled and not loose

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892

japonisme-->flattened space, cropped weirdly

true to color-->gas powered electric lights

Utagawa Hiroshige. Plum Estate, Kameido, from the series 100 Famous Views of Edo. 1857

William Morris (Morris & Co.). Green Dining Room (William Morris Room). 1867

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. La Goulue. 1891

valentin the boneless, and louise veibor--invented cancan

an advertisement

this is so immodest

the man is like the tree in japanese prints

he shows her as he sees her, true to the subject

nothing is idealized

there is a rhythmic sense -->the title, the floor, the silhouettes in the background, the color yellow(the lights)

dutch

potato eaters 1885-->interest in painting peasants-->the honest people of the earth

tried many professions -> art dealer, bookseller, teacher, missionary

Teo, his brother, became a successful art dealer and Vincent would send him things to sell

Teo would critique his works and help him to be better

vincent visited his brother and saw lighter things

during his lifetime he sold only one painting

he wanted to start a group so he rented house in the south of france

Gaugin came with him only

he painted sunflowers to welcome gauguin

######the real one#########

Its too late

the lighting is really garish

very tipped perspective-->tables feel like they will slide towards us

used paint to show feeling and emotion-->isolation, strangeness, reds and greens

thick strokes

emphasizes the inner state of mind rather than physical reality

the movement in the sky and continues in the village below

It is a nice color

the cypress tree mimics the steeple in the back--->eternal life

he painted in an asylum-->painting from his imagination but also he was trying to capture the night sky he saw there

everything is in harmony, the church and nature both point to heaven and eternity

cypress were seen as steeples

Odilon Redon. The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity, 1878

wanted to invoke a mysterious feeling you get from Edgar Allen Poe's literature

oil on canvas

self-taught

valuing the simple(primitive of other cultures)

looks childlike and simplistic

we dont see the lion's mouth

sense of harmony

striped dress

very flat

texture in the lions mane

Gustav Klimt. The Kiss. 1907–08

Austrian

the Vienna succession group-->leaving behind the academy

byzantine art-->gold

japanese woodcut prints

greek, minoan-->swirling

their is a sense of unity, eternal unity-->the plants grow around them

curves--her, blocks--him

Henry Ossawa Tanner. Angels Appearing before the Shepherds. ca. 1910

the cropped angel-->japanese prints

the viewer is among the angels in the sky

african american--->went to paris, inspired by impressionism, he faced less prejudice in france

Auguste Rodin. The Burghers of Calais. 1884-89

the surface texture was more loose like an impressionism painting

right across the english chanel

true story from 1300s in Calais

england had laid seige on Calais and the english demanded the elders of the city for the freedom of the rest, they end up not dying but they definitely believed they would

they dont look heroic, they are low to the ground

each are isolated

he wanted to think of how each person would genuinely react(psychology)

the body shows the mind

admired michelangelo

every piece of the architecture and design fits together, lots of curvy lines and suggestion of plant life

advertisement for champaign

floral pattern

strong outlines

medieval hypernosaxon lacing manuscripts

dissatisfaction with modernity

not from the concrete world, feelings, dreams

Primitivism—the belief that, lacking the corrupting influence of European civilization, non-western peoples were more in tune with the primal elements of nature.

simplicity-->Brancusi-->focus on essence, the idea

--->--->--->the newborn, the muse, bird in space

Fauvism: removing the naturalistic description function from color, new artistic style in the 20th century, bright and jovial as opposed to the dark of the symbolists, les fauves--wild beasts, died in 1910ish, color

-->emotion, not true to reality

Analytic Cubism: deconstructing space; showing more than one viewpoint at the same time;
influence of Cezanne
Synthetic Cubism: building up images; use of collage; “real” vs. illusion
German Expressionism: Die Brücke: dissatisfaction with industrial modern life; looking to
German past with woodblock prints
German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter: looking for spirituality and “universal truths;”
Abstract art vs. non-objective art, non-narrative art, non-representational art
Italian Futurism: sought to reject the past and bring Italy into the future; interest in new
technology, speed, and movement
Russian Suprematism: “supremacy of feeling;” pro-Russian revolution; wanted to create a new
vocabulary and language of art removed from the elitist past

Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast)

streamline, aerodynamic

lookslike a feather

wingspan, motion

the pinched section maybe where legs meet body but the sculpture more so represents the spirit of flight--->wanted to reveal the real sense of things

He had a handful of motifs that he repeated in different mediums(explored both visual and psycho effects of medium)

he designed the base(cylinder stone and hourglass wood) of this one(meticulous control)

He wanted to control the height-->newborn was lower so viewer would look down on it, bird in space was high like a bird flying

not the first bird--maiastra who was based on romania legend of a magical golden bird whose song had miraculous power

guarded a reliquary(container for relics)

talisman-->warning

usually the bones of important ancestors

brought out for coming of age ceremonies

not naturalistic-->purpose was to represent ideas of spirituality

honor, respect, strength

Reliquary guardian figure (mbulu ngulu), Gabon, Kota (or Bakota), Gabon, c. 1920

slash and burn farming--->on the move-->couldnt take graves with them

it idealized representation

this one has two faces--flat head and large

these would be in in baskets

kota is not made by kota people

Headdress: Male Antelope (Ci Wara), 19th–20th century Mali, Bamako region

represent union of man and women

conventional subject the artist's studio but the art is not there

reserve line

not following traditional space depiction

everything is red---warm cheerful relaxing

cezanne playing with space

big and in your face

young ladies -->street in barcelona-->brothel

radical break from chiaroscuro, linperspect, naturalism

confronts sexuality, female nude-->not easy on eyes

the men are taken out-->medical student(caries a skullmementomori) looking at the body analytically, sailor(a partaker of the --->tension between the

the gaze is not on the missing men but towards the viewer

african masks, sculptures

lack of depth, the shading is there but matches the background

raw and controversial

a release of line and shape(fauvism releases color)

colleges-->assembly of pieces

le jou--to play

whats real and whats abstract

the hole is on top-->actual positive and not negative

the violin-->analyzing art and formal characteristics

he wanted to complicate notions of the real and the illusionistic

pasting an image on canvas

shattering the concep of the picture plane as an illusionistic world

everyone tried cubism

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908

oil on canvas

The bridge German expressionism
Nietzche—->deconstructing morality
The bridge from civilization to superhuman, individual self actualization, discovery the new art forms

Street Dresden
Urban isolation—-neon—city lights
He uses people not architecture to define the space
From left to right receding people backwards

clausterphobic

greens,reds-->misery,lonlinesss

permission fauvism for free color

everything is for sale-->lack of humanity

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

oil on canvas

Berlin
Antinaturalistic color, spilling perspective
Focus on psychological experience
Prostitutes in middle—>embody glamour and alienation but capitalism

Musical composer title
Composing with form
Rooted in bible and history but uses a more
Hear color and see music—->synesthesia
Take you places without representing something concrete like music
Inspired by Arnold Schoenberg —>atonal
Not abstract because there are forms from natural world, horses.flood(lower left).mountains/Church

brilliant color and strong black lines that cross(maybe war weapons)

the lines and color dont really represent but are to create a sense of rhythm

water color and pencil on paper

he was a musician

he traveled to tunisia and marveled at the color, the bright light there

wanted a childlike quality, a sense of wonder, joy, magic, spirituality

star of david, halfmoon--islam, petraglyphs-->religious symbols

full of color, color is more abstracted here like mattisse or kandinsky

like a stain glass window, the white of the paper peaks through the water color

the niesen is a mountain in switzerland--sharp and eternal

Paul Klee, Twittering Machine, 1922, water color, ink, and gouache on paper

birdlike dolls, mechanical object, like a cuckoo clock but has no function

viewer feels invited to turn the handle, an invitation to have fun

playfullness, fun

the different shapes represent different sounds in the bird beaks

Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

oil on canvas

motion pics--1878--muybridge

tried to capture modernity

dynamic and energetic

rejection classic italian culture

looking to machine and tech

they show more than one time at the same time like the cubists showed more than one point of view on the same plane

Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

fluid, flowing

OG was made out of plaster---they were against stuff in museums but this was put in one

looks like nike--->you cannot shed the influence of the past

the fusing of object and space, shows the displacement of the space around the figure

oil on canvas

Influence of cubism on modern art

dynamic--->like futurism, different frames of time

his was very unique

seems robotic, shatters all past nude conventions

Marcel Duchamp. Bicycle Wheel, 1913

smart and funny person who loved to challenge ideas of art and its purpose

assisted readymades-->putting two objects together

art is about ideas and concepts and not just about manual skill

art isnt about technical skill and craft, ccontext--meaning

some say it represents a bust but its really up to teh viewer

he really wanted us to see the out context nature of each component rather than the finished product

oil on canvas

inspired fauvism--colors

inspiredc cubism - geometric shapes

he remained very representational

based off his own life experiences

something very personal to him, his hometown

man and animal are equated

circles-->cycle of life--->lifed and death(the bush and the scithe)

Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914

oil on canvas

he idolized the classical past

strange perspective, unmatching yet strong diagonals--->cubism

ominous and unsettling--the shadow

metaphysical painting---revealing the reality underlying appearance

Kazimir Malevich. Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying. 1915 (dated 1914)

heightened nationalism

more of trying to convey a feeling, the sensation of mechanical flight, the essence of flight

black square--->pure creation of art, letting go of past rules

he thought russians were stuck in the past

the shapes are sharp but there is a sense of wavering bounderies-->show the artist's hand

white ground--> infinity, a connection with the universe

Kazimir Malevich, White on White, 1918

He wanted this to be art for the people and didnt need education to understand it

hopeful for peace, utopia, infinity, pure form, non-objective

a revolution was going on

one year after october revolution

believed that art would help pave the way for a better future---> ambition and sincerity

pure geometry-->appeal to feeling, universal -free from culturally specific references, scientific rigor that was spiritual

tilt--2d,3d

rips up paper and then throws them to the ground and realizes it is what he wanted to portray

chance-->can show what we want

Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920

leader of berlin dada

bringing the absurd into art

the head was already made

measuring thing

precision has lead to war and oppression

chance with stuff glued to their skull, empty head, they arent thinking for themselves, they are molded by external forces making each machinelike with no identity

Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic,
1919

photomontage

look at what weve used machines for

nonsense

reference to manipulated portraits for german soldiers

a commentary on the chaotic social and political tension

the camera was a part of teh technological advances that led to war

she killed the machine with her kitchen knife, the images together humanize the mechanical

Käthe Kollwitz. Never Again War! 1924

her son and grandson was killed in war, hoch also lost her son to war

she wasnt accepted in the german academy-->hated the elitist nature of paint

lithograph prints->accessible to all

Her husband was a doctor who treated poor people

literary movement-->poetry with random words and sounds
Reaction against World War I; focus on absurdity, element of chance
(Enlightenment values of logic and reason only lead to war); challenged status quo in art,
culture, etc.

he was a starving artist

he thought he was hallucinating-->so he painted what he saw

spanish artist who spent time in paris

reminscient of klee

abstractions of biomorphic and geometric forms set against a color field that suggested landscape or watery environment-->hazelike atmosphere of washes

abstracted figures with faces-->struggle, fear, sex

René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

oil on canvas

it isnt a pipe because its a painting

looks like a catalogue, or a flashcard for kids-->instructive, educational

do you believe what you see or what you read

rejection of a the representation

pipe==is not a pipe but a word

it is naturalistic,

Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931

small

naturalistic space, costal spain

dreamscape with multiple objects=>desires, fears

irrational --melting clocks, ants eating metal, tree is growing out of box, the water is still, the cloth

memory is irrational,

the flaccid watches--- the inevitable deterioration and death that goes with the passage of time

Man Ray. The Gift. 1921 (1958 replica)

gift to composer erik satie

violence

psychologic journey, no narrative but incited unconscious association--sex, violence

Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936

it feels offputing and disgusting

she had the idea in a cafe and her tea went cold, picasso said that you could cover anything to her at lunch

Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939

wire, stainless steel

a mobile, it moves like a wind chime

kinetic sculpture to suggest growth and cosmic energy

basic colors--the basic building blocks of life

he is the inventor\

a lobster trap is to fool the lobster

Henry Moore. Recumbent Figure. 1938

inspired by a chac mool, the rounded and square detailes

rolling hills of yorkshire, women of willendorf

carved in ston and not carefully polished, look of timelessness

evokes the feeling of motherhood, not a specific mother

he became very wealthy because he had many public works, he set up an art foundation for young arts in england

Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

dutch

working in paris and was influenced by fauvism, cubism

it didnt come from nowhere--> it came from steps towards cubism and this was logical extension of exploration of many hours

Dutch movement; sought to create utopian environment through
geometric abstraction; sought universal order that would make nationalism obsolete;
also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

he was interested in balance--->the yellow rectangle holds everything together

nationalism leads to war--->this style is international

Georgia O’Keeffe, Yellow Calla, 1926

newyorkers dont take time to look at flowers, blown up flower, you cant miss it

hard edge with soft transitions of light and shadow

Georgia O’Keeffe, Deer’s Skull with Pedernal, 1936

naturalistic but surreal in that

this was her background

tension of the near and far

Stuart Davis, Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style. 1940.

cubist inspiration

completely non objective

the energy and sounds of NYC

Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930

His dentist and His dentist's daughter--models

represent the good, midwest, protestant, working people

they have to work hard and live simply

they look religious, the steeple in the back, their house looks like a church and has a ton of crosses

“In the North the Negro Had Better Educational Facilities,” from the Migration of the Negro

series, 1940-41

medium-->tempera on board--emphasize the flatness

black people escaping the south to the north

the girl is progressing, elevation through education, could be three separate people

jagged dress and hair==>striving, energy

depicting the relentless human spirit

training in comunity art center

Diego Rivera, Flower Carrier, 1935

seeking a national identity, wanted to depict people who werent influenced by foreign worlds

the woman is helping him, the native clothing, they fill the canvas-->monumental,heroic

simplified forms -->mayan and aztec art

Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas, 1939

diego was more famous than her in her time

she painted a lot of self portraits, she suffered much pain, multiple surgeries, bed ridden most of her life

frida on the right -->native dress

frida on left--european(her father was hungary jewish)

picture of diego rivera

Pablo Picasso. Guernica. 1937

antiwar

he was in paris when he heard of citizens in guernica who were attacked by the NAzi's

made for a world fair

horse--innocence--slashed

bull--brutality

the dove is falling and black-->no peace

candelight and electric light

the grey and the hatching represent the newpaper

Edward Hopper, Night Hawks, 1942

The isolationism in city life

viewer is separated from the scene by the glass, we are in the dark

their glances are averted, they all seem separate

feels like night cafe from vangogh

Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927

Cubism but much more precise, clear representation

the term precisionism-->industry, line

symbol of bounty, it is a grain silo

my egypt--pyramids(peak of technology), hte grain silo is the peak of tech in america

Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, California. 1936

documented with photograph, the hardships of people migrating to california for work

the woman car broke down and husband went to find parts

lange saw her on the side of the world

it was printed in california and officials were aware of them and brought about social change

fertility aid

brass cast-- wax

calm and dignified

Mark Rothko No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

large paintings

create a whole landscape that the view was a part of

he wanted to evoke feeling

Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

post painterly--you dont see the artists hand

raw, unprimed canvas on the ground, oil on canvas(paint thinner)

she poured the paint on the canvas and tilted the canvas

stain painting

it feels like a landscape

Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

continued the heroic scale of abstract expressionism

parts of this was recycled, they were all painted the same coloc

Robert Rauschenberg. Odalisk. 1955–58

no one goes to an academy-->they go to college

the pushback from the expressiveness of the abstract expressionists(not trying to change the world)(purposely mundane

combine--painting, sculpture, collage, found objects

Jasper Johns. Three Flags. 1958

erase feeling -->mundane

yet the american flag is big symbol

the flat flage is given dimensional

painterly-->you can see the brush stroke

hot wax paint-->encostic

you can touch the art, interactive

not something a museum could buy

art as an experience, not a collectible

Yayoi Kusama, Infinity Mirrors, 2017

Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

improvisational theatre in an art gallery, talking to a dead

covered his face with honey and gold leaf

--->wanted to heal people after the war

art could speak to the soul and didnt need someone to explain it to you

art as life, unpredictable

Roy Lichtenstein. Drowning Girl. 1963

there just was a period of strong emotion --> abstract expressionism

Interested in mass production

they worked

like dada-->ready-made, common objects

elevating comic book art-->dots(bendey)

feels unemotional, we are removed from the emotion

raising a mirror to society

appropriating the comic art

reaction to elitist nature of abstract expressionism, a mass produced look--accessible, interest in mass media and pop culture

He painted every flavor

it loooks like a restaurant shelf--->post war idea

this is what society looks like today

still life---> a familiar scene

this is his lunch

Ellsworth Kelly. Red Blue Green. 1963

heroic scale-->eleven feet wide

hard edge abstraction

hand painted but hard to see --->acrylic

---->denying the emotion, it is what it is

kelly green!

left is fixed and the right has movement

its about color and movement

how colors interact, how figure relates to ground

Frank Stella. Empress of India. 1965

his canvases--> shapes

star if you have five

reserve lines --->acrylic

pinstripes,

maybe a reference to ancient art-->mound builders in ohio

ephemeral-->wasnt going to last forever

he wanted it to not last forever-->that is part of the message

he asked people not to maintain it

The earth is the canvas, interactive, out of the gallery therefore less elitist, not collectable

an example of art using a derogatory symbol to make a commentary

mammy is harmful because she is happy to be a slave and cheerful to take care of her children---pancakes is what she is good for

the gun and grenade---->arms aunt jemima, she is done making pancakes

installation piece in the brooklynn museum

researched females in history who were overlooked

-hildegard bingham

-emily dickenson

-georgia okeefe

--->give them a place at the table

13--->the twelve and Jesus

use the mediums women have always been access to

->cloth, china painting

not all made by herself

919 names of women

she was a minimalist

she was cut out of the minimalist show--->inspired this

where do we get our information

its from screens

all the screens are playing different things

multiple rooms

immersion rooms