Principal of alternate possibilities is a belief by libertarians that humans can create/alter the course of events

Libertarians divide events into Event/Agent Causation: Events are determined by past events, BUT Agents(humans) can make stuff happen because we have a mind

2. D'Holbach all events are nothing but the result of a long chai of events

   Humans are part of the physical world so are our minds, thus we are BOUND by the laws of the physical world and the physical world is deterministic

   1. If everything we do is determined by past events and the physical world...what about personal responsibility?

• Many of our actions are "free", and that the world is governed by cause and effect.

• Libertarians have defined free actions according to what's known as the Principle of Alternate Possibilities. So, truly free actions require options.

• Determinism, by contrast, doesn't allow options. It holds that every event is caused by a previous event.

2-

• The fact is, it’s pretty difficult to find arguments that support libertarian free will. The best argument in favor of it seems to be that it just feels an awful lot like we’re free.

• Mental states are brain states, or at least they’re tied directly to your brain. And brain states are biological. And biological states are physical states.

  allow options. It holds that every event is caused by a previous event.

  
  

  1- Isn’t there some way out of this?

So, yeah, while our actions are already predetermined we all should still be accountable for them, since even if my actions are predetermined such are everyone else's, through the feeling of freedom, the feeling of control.

What I learned:

• The world is deterministic

• The people who hold the belief that we have free will are called Libertarians

-Seb

2. Ideas are not free because thoughts happenns in our brain, brain is physical, and the physical world is deterministic, so not free.

3.If free will would be real, could everything be altered, wouldnt is spread chaos or malipulate the nature of things, or does free will can be applied just in some sections of nature, like our brain and its world of thoughts, and for example determinism be applied just in the biological nature of stuff?

4. If there is hard determinism, it means the soft determinism exist?

Hard Determinism is that everything you do is already Planed and that is impossible to not do it because life is already planed and its determine to happen even when you don't what, even that feeling of you don't want to do it is already determined to happen.

Hard Determinism and Free will arguments each other, one says that everything u do is determined and placed on your destiny, and the other one says that you are capable of decide what you want to do or say, even what to think.

I Learned that Hard Determinism Has to pass because it HAS TO PASS and that Free will YOU DECIDE what will happen.

- Stephania C.

truly free actions require options, philosophers believe that free will cannot be proven

D'Holbach believed that everything thats happening right now is the result of an unbroken chain of events, and our actions are part of the physical world

libertarians believed that its really hard to disregard the feeling of freedom

1. Do you believe in free will, or do you think our actions are predetermined by external factors?

• The difference between libertarian free will and hard determination

• How libertarian free will is also known as the principle of alternate possibilities, which basically states that something cannot be made from free will unless theres the possibility of the agent doing otherwise

• These two concepts can be examined in even the tiniest details about human life, like a ball being thrown by a baseball bat.

2 interesting facts

• Baron D'Holbach is an important figure in this topic. He believied everything up until now goes according to an unbroken chain of events.

• Belief + Desire + Temperament = Action

1 question

• How do philosophers stay confident and true to their beliefs?

-I found hard determinism very interesting, about how your destine is already write and you cant escape your fate , im not sure I share that idea but it I do find it more interesting

1. Is that maybe we think that just because we decided what to do it's free will but sometimes it isn't like this because our decisions can be caused by desire, belief and temperament, so this becomes different options and for some reason you choose one and it's because of a physiscal factor.

2. I also learn the meaning of reductionisn that the view that all parts of the world and our own experience can be traced back or reduced to one single thing.

Things I found Interesting:

1. I found interesting that in the full video the term of hard determinism was like the correct answer of if we have free will or not.

2. I also found intersting that the world is deterministic as defaukt and that our thoughts are not always of free will.

Questions I still have

1. what would had happen if the king would'nt left herpes on the woods and later on he would go to a oracle tell him that and just do the same but backwards? would the story be the same?

Libertarianism is the idea that we have free will and there is nothing that controls our actions.

Determinism is the total opposite of libertarianism, where a cause and effect is what governs our world, even the universe.

Many philosophers argue that everything follows the rule of cause and effect meaning we have no free will and that no matter what we do, there is always a previous intent.

2 -

One could argue that cause and effect only affects our physical world, not our thoughts but our thoughts and feelings are just a result of a combination of chemicals produced in our brain, meaning it still follows the rules of cause and effect and determinism.

There is actually very little evidence in libertarianism, most of libertarians use our feelings and thoughts as evidence that there is free will.

1 -

Is the entire universe ruled by cause and effect? If so then what was the cause of the creation of it.

We could think we are having our own thoughts and making the actions we want to, but it could actually be what is called destiny.

So it depends on us whether we choose to believe if we do our actions, free will or it it is our destiny which is already set for us and everything that happens has a reason for it. That has a name and it's called Hard Determinism.

What i learn

I thought it was interesting that, in the entire video, hard determinism was presented as the right answer to the question of whether we have free will.

What I learned:

People who believe in free will are called Libertarians.

A lot of philosophers disregard the idea of free will.

A synonym of fate is Determinism.

The fact that having 2 options is what "free" means is not that accurated in my opinion, in many cases we could have different alternatives and sometimes not but that doesnt means that we have to do something mandatory because we believe in cause and effect.

Does the world moves with a cause and effect?

1. You can't rationally believe that humans have free will and that the world is governed by cause and effect at the same time.

2. Hard determinism states that our decisions are based on a number of invisible factors such as beliefs, desires, and temperament.

3. In determinism, even if we try to flip a coin or ask someone else to decide for us, that was determined and based on past actions.

2 Things I found interesting:

1. That mental states are directly connected with your brain, and the brain is a biological state and a biological state is just a physical state which leads to the conclusion that the world is governed by the law of cause and effect and is based on hard determinism.

2. That for something to be true, a proven argument has to exist to defend it, but the only way to prove libertarian free will is because it feels like we are free.

Question:

If our lives are the result of several past actions, what was the first action that happened, how did it happen, and who or what caused it?

I believe is all just make believe, free will does not exist, yet the concept of it does exist, meaning it was all invented. What made all that happen?

It was past actions, that made the current present we are living.

Meaning behind every thought we had, theres was something that made us think that way, it wasn't because we choose that way of living, but because of the way of living we choose that way, it was not free will, it was already determined

The Fact

Humans and our actions are just part of the physical world,bound by its physical laws.

Question

Does the future can be change in any way and don't follow the rule of determine?

• I learned that determinism dosent allow us to take options, it holds that every event is caused by a previous event.

• I learned about the meaning of event causation that is no physical events can occur without having been caused by a previous physical event

• I learned the difference between libertarian free will and hard determination

2 Interesting Facts

• Baron D´Holbach said that none of aur actions are actually free

• Baron D´Holbach was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France. He was a philosopher, encyclopedist, and salon host known for his radical atheistic and materialistic views.

1 Question

• A action that we do right now, will it have a consequence in a future?

-Oscar Evora

• We are not free because all of the decisions we make are the effect of our ancestors made.

• Determinism holds the position that every event is the effect of a past event.

• Libertians is the people that believe we all have free will.

Things I found interesting:

• The physical world is Deterministic

• Our actions are effect of our ancestors decisions

Question

• Is there a way out?

what extent does awareness of determinism allow you to manipulate or avoid it?

Libertarian free will is based on the Principle of Alternate Possibilities, which challenges strict determinism by arguing that an action is only free if alternatives are possible.

Libertarians suggest agent causation, which argues that sentient entities are capable of starting causal chains without the assistance of outside causes, in contrast to event causation.

Determinism and Reductionism, Hard determinism is supported by reducionism, which holds that even while mental states seem to involve free will, they are ultimately reducible to deterministic physical processes.

2-

Oedipus and Prophecy, Oedipus' story demonstrates the inevitability of fate, highlighting the philosophical issue of free will and determinism.

The 18th-century philosopher Baron D'Holbach held the determinism theory, which held that all human activities were predestined and could be explained by natural phenomena that are causally related.

1-

What is the influence of the current philosophical dispute between determinism and free will on notions that are commonly assumed in society?

• Liberitarian Free Will: the belief that some human actions are freely chosen.

  Example: I can hit Eunice whenever I want to.

• Hard Determinism: the belief that all events are caused by past events such that nothing other than what does occur could occur.

• Event Causation: no physical event can occur without having been caused by a previous physical event.

  Agent Causation: An agent - a being propelled by a mind - can start a whole chain of causality that wasn't caused by anything else.

2 Fun facts

• Things like advice, persuasion, and prohibition, are pointless unless people have some kind of free will.

• Belief + Desire + Temperament = Action

1 Question

• Would the serial killers be justified from their crimes due to the fault they couldn't escape destiny?

BY Eunice L. and Valeria G.

1. the inmense difference between hard determination and free will.

2. That we can't escape faith, is something that cant be changed or bend into the way we want it to be.

3. I also found out the meaning of reductionism that the view that all parts of te world and our own experiencies,

Question

Does opposing faith attracts it to us?

-Daniel Rodriguez 11TH B

1. What is libertarian free will which, is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value.

2. Hard Determinism wich being incompatible with free will it is a view that forces outside of our control

3. Also about what is reductionism, the view of all parts of the world, and of our own experience, can be traced back or reduced down to one singular thing.

Fun facts

1. Everything, is the inevitable result of what came before. Including everything we do.

2. We Shouldnt discount the legitimacy of our own personal, subjective experiences.

Questions

1. The future changes because of each of our actions but it was destiny, but destiny from what comes out if we dont take our actions? Do we depend on destiny or destiny depends on our actions?

3 things I learned

1. Hard determinism states that our decisions are based on different factors such as beliefs, desires and temperament.

2. There is libertarian free will and political libertarianism will, both of them are different from each other, Political liberty is all about freedom from the government, and libertarian free will, could be anything from political up to social.

3. A lot of philosophers disagree in the idea of free will, and they think that our decisions are effects of our past.

   
   

   2 things I found interesting

   1. The fact that our decisions are based on different factors like recently commented this are our beliefs, desires and temperament.

   2. That some philosophers doesn't think that we humans are free and that we make things because that was our fate and that's what we need to do.

      
      

      Question:

      If we do our actions as a result from an action of the past, what was the first action that provoke this to continue and how did philosophers get this conclusion.

1. I learned the differences between hard determinism and libertarian free will and how libertarian free will are the people that believe in it and hard determinism that thinks everything that happens is because of fate.

2. The world is governed by cause and effect

3. our action have sorts of causes that happen in our brains

Isaac Morales

-Crystal 11B

• Libertarianism is about having freedom in personal choices.

• Reductionism is the perspective of the world and our own experiences. Our choices can be swayed by what we want, what we believe.

• Free will might not be entirely accurate because our decisions can be influenced by desires, beliefs, and temperament.

Facts

• Baron D'Holbach said that our actions are not actually free.

• Beliefs, temperament and desire is the sum of actions.

Question

How did the first action happen?

-Ana Nohelia P.

11”B”

I learned some parts of this paragraph from the video.

Hector

Interesting Facts

• Even though we can choose if we want to believe in free will or determinism our thoughts and decisions are already scripted according to determinism.

• According to determinism the actions and decisions of everyone of us are connected.

How our life courses are determinated or by whom/what?

DETERMINISM IS JUST BETTER I'M BASICALLY RESUMING THE WHOLE VIDEO

1. I learned that libertarian free will is a political philosophy.

2. Hard determinism its the decisions that we do based on beliefs, desires and temperament.

3. Feeling free doesn't mean we have free will.

Facts

1. Humans and our actions are just part of the physical world, bound by physical laws.

2. "Decisions" are really just the inevitable results of a bunch of mental stuff combining in just the right way.

Question

1. Can we humans become truly free?

-Paulina Serpas

• Event Cause: The occurrence of any physical event is caused by a previous physical event. Agent Causality: An agent—a mentally-driven being—can initiate an entire chain of causation that is not caused by any other factor.

• Libertarian free will: the belief that certain human actions are freely chosen. Example: I can hit Eunice anytime.

• Hard determinism: The belief that all events are caused by past events and therefore nothing else can happen other than what happened.

2 Interesting Facts

• Things like advice, persuasion, and prohibition are meaningless unless people have some kind of free will.

• Belief + desire + temperament = action

Question:

• How does the concept of destiny impact a person's choices and sense of control in their life?

Morri Viola 11B

• I learned the difference between hard determinism, that is the belief thta life is already wrote for everyone, ''we can't escape form our destiny", and libertarian free, which is the belief that some actions are freely chosen.

• Truly free actions require options.

• Baron D'Holbach believed none of our actions are free.

• Mental States= Brain States= Biological States.

  -Mario C

1. Hard determinism is a perspective that denies the existence of free will, asserting that external factors beyond our influence entirely dictate our actions.

2. Libertarians argue that for actions to be genuinely free, there must be multiple possible choices available.

3. Several of our actions are considered "freely chosen," even though the world operates based on the principle of cause and effect.

Interesting things

1. Everything unfolds as an inevitable outcome of preceding events, encompassing all our actions and choices.

2. In a deterministic universe, the idea is that every event, including our actions and life paths, is essentially predetermined by the initial conditions of the universe.

Is destiny already escripted or can we escape from it?

-Alleson Funez 11B

Hard determinism is the belief that all events are caused by things that happened on the past this means that things that nothing except what is going to happen.

Event causation menas that alll future events are caused past events

By Leonardo Flores and Cielo Laines

Philosophical Perspectives. Different philosophical traditions have varying perspectives on free will.

Neuroscientific Insights. Scientific research, particularly in neuroscience, explores the neural basis of decision-making.

Psychological Considerations. Psychology examines how perceptions of free will influence behavior and moral responsibility.

Fun Fact:

The Chocolate Radish Experiment:

In an amusing psychological experiment conducted by researcher Walter Mischel, participants were asked to resist the temptation of eating a tempting chocolate in favor of a less appetizing radish. This "delay of gratification" experiment revealed the struggle between immediate desires and self-control. While not directly about free will, it highlights the challenges individuals face in making choices and resisting impulses, providing a lighthearted perspective on the complexities of human decision-making.

Questions:

Can Free Will Coexist with Determinism?

How Do Cultural and Societal Beliefs Shape Notions of Free Will?

1. It tell us that we may feel that we are free, free to make our own choices and actions, that belief is called Libertarian Free Will, it states that humans, their thoughts and actions are chosen by free will.

2. Hard Determinism states that every events that happened is a reaction of something that had already taken place in the past.

3. Some philosophers believe that we are not actually free, that every decision, every action is already decided, no matter what path we decide to take, we can't escape what it has been established for our life.

2 things i found interesting

1. That no matter what we do, if in our destiny there is something already established, there is no possible way to avoid it.

2. That if we can defend a feeling or how we feel, philosophical reasoning, it is better to reject it, it is better to base off with facts.

Question?

Is our destiny already set in stone? Is there any way we can be free from that destiny?

Ricardo and his 2 best friends from highschool are gather in a cafe talking about their lives, Ricardo starts telling that he graduated from college and is ready for his new life as an independent man. 

Script:

(Pity is making hot chocolate for everyone)

Ricardo: I have finally moved out of my parents house, I already graduated from college, and I can make my decisions without anyone or anything that interferes with my wishes. 

Eduardo: I don’t believe life works that way.

Maria: Really, why not

Eduardo: I believe our lives are already determined since the moment we were born.

Maria: Actually, I do believe that we are free to make every decisions and actions, 

Eduardo: Think about it, every single effect has had a cause, it doesn’t matter if it is something simple like choosing breakfast, there was already something that chose what breakfast you ate, even if it's something small.

Ricardo: But I can choose where to eat, what to do at any time I want, 

Eduardo: Kinda, because where you want to eat is a decision that was already chosen by your hunger, anything you want to do was already chosen.

Maria: That’s very interesting, but think about it, we are sentient beings with a mind that is capable of making complex decisions. If we were not to have free will, we will not be accountable for any immoral decisions that we do, imagine a world like that.

Eduardo: That's a very good argument, but our thoughts are just chemicals, any moral decision is already established as a good or bad deed, the rules that have already been made controls our life.

Pity: Here’s your hot chocolate. Just live your life men

Eduardo: That’s true

Maria: Yeah

Ricardo: Finally, thank you

"How much control do we have?" because the more control we have the more responsability we as persons have.

Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent. Compatibilists believe that freedom can be present or absent in situations for reasons that have nothing to do with metaphysics.

1. The whole idea of "responsibility" is completely non-physical. It presumes the concept of free will. In reality, the important thing to do in the case of someone harming someone else isn't The important thing to do is to do what you can to prevent that harm from happening again.

2. The more control we have, the more responsibility we also have.

Things I found interesting:

1. I think the hard determinist idea that all actions have a cause, even internal ones we can't pinpoint, is indeed hard to refute but nevertheless a bit of a cop-out.

Question

1. How can we truly know it if we can't truly pinpoint?

Free Will

The ability of individuals to make choices independently, unaffected by external determinants or pre-determined factors.

Determinism

That all events, including human actions, are predetermined by prior events and natural laws.

-Oscar Evora

-Carlos Corea

-Rony Linares

-Ian Izaguirre

• Jahir Matamoros

• Blas Benítez

• Óscar Juárez

• Conrad Hasz

• Stefano Argentino

Daniel Rodriguez, Isaac Morales, Carlos Lopez, Carlos Cuellar, Edwin Lara and Leo Guerrero.

Ian Izaguirre 11A

Carlos Corea 11A

Rony Linares 11A