Use of 8 

 

1. self-citing as a phenomenon- statistics: 

Use of 1, 3, 6, 7 

 

2. motivations of self-citing + some types of motivation 

Use of 2, 4, 5 

            1. Snyder and Bonzi (1989) points out the proportion of self-citation in total citation of 6 different disciplines.

            2. Phelan (1999) reveals the proportion of authors who do self-citation and the proportion of self-citation.

            3. Falagas and Kavvadia (2006) points out the self-citation rate in Clinical Science and Basic Science.

            4. Fowler and Aksnes (2007) also points out the self-citation rate.

 

II. Motivation of self-citation

            1. Bonzi and Snyder (1991) find “only a few differences in motivation between citing oneself and citing others”.

            2. White (2001) suggests that there are “natural and inevitable” reasons for self-citing.

3. Hyland (2003) subpoints (1) suggests that self-citing might be “a natural result of the cumulative nature of an individual’s research”. 

 

III. Consequences of self-citation

            1. Fowler and Aksnes (2007) (second half) suggest that counting self-citation in evaluation is questionable since “there are currently no penalties for frequent self-citing”.

            2. Medoff (2006) shows that “author’s self-citations did not have a statistically significant effect on that article’s total number of citations.

1.     Introduction (1,7) . Facts about self-citations in the academic field.

 

2.     Subtopic 1 motivation. Organize by Debate. (2,4,5) 

3.     Subtopic 2 issues of whether self-citation should be counted in the evaluation mechanism.(3,5,6,8). Organize by debate. 

p.s: source 5 is used twice, since it can serve as a bridge between my two subtopics.