Environmental and Economic Factors:
In third world countries, 2.5 billion people do not have basic hygiene facilities including toilets as it is unaffordable. With the problem of lack of water, people are most likely to excrete in the pit latrine. The waste there will not process and get out into the community directly. Not only matter about the smell, getting rid of that waste is the key to human health. This invention aims to use a low cost to solve the root cause of leading diarrheal diseases. And at the same time, to make good use of the waste to produce goods (drinking water and energy) to them.

Inventor: Maurizio Cattelan (Italian Artist)

Description:
This toilet is a sculpture made of 103 kilograms of solid 18-karat gold. It is fully functional. "America" was the participatory art in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum which allowed the visitors to use. Unfortunately, it was stolen from Blenheim Palace in 2019 when it was exhibiting on loan.

Social and Economic Factor:
"99% of wealth are distributed among the 1% of rich people."
By allowing all the remaining 99% of people to have a try at the luxury toilet, this sculpture is to satirize the situation of income disparity.

Inventor: Sir John Harrington

Description:
It was a water closet with a raised cistern and a small downpipe which through water ran to flush the waste; required 7.5 gallons of water—a veritable torrent in the era before indoor plumbing. When water was scarce, up to 20 people could use his commode between flushes

Environmental Factors:

Description:
The washer is designed on top of the water tank. After washing the clothes, the water can use for flushing.

Social Factor:
It is so tiring when people need to bend over to take out or put the clothes for washing each time. 

Environmental Factor:
Water-saving.

 

Social and Cultural Factors:
As females' social status has been raised, they can go to work, even joining the traditional man-oriented industry e.g. military and sport. Considering females' physical needs, inventors developed this product.

Also, clothing style changed. Females prefer to wear simple designs and pants for convenience and working. Heavy dresses with many inner layers faded out. The transformation of clothing design helps females use the female urinal.