PBL 2 Session 1 Group 3 by Rinthiya Chandra Bose https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw en-us 2024-01-27 14:33:45 UTC 2024-02-04 07:22:02 UTC hello@padlet.com rinthiyabose https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863972005 Trigger 1

]]> 2024-01-28 05:55:33 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863972005 Trigger 1 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863976388 Abdominal distention - swollen abnormally (bloating from gas) in digestive


Pallor - look pale on person skin


Homozygous - 2 identical alleles of particular gene


Beta thalassemia major - genetic disorder of deficiency beta hemoglobin that cause anaemia


Splenomegaly - spleen enlargement cause spleen overwork


Blood transfusion - transfer of blood from one person to another


]]> 2024-01-28 06:16:54 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863976388 Trigger 1 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863979794 10 year old boy - immune system still developing , prone to get infection


Scheduled blood transfusion program - due to severe ineffective erythropoiesis and can cause iron overload


Pallor - lack of O2 and hemoglobin

Loss of appetite - lack of nutrients

Abdominal distention - refer to spleen enlargement

Shortness of breath - dyspenia


Occasionally hospitalised - secondary cause effect from blood transfusion


]]> 2024-01-28 06:34:32 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863979794 Diagnosis Trigger 1 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863981391 1.HIV

2.Hepatitis B and C

3.Beta thalassemia major

4.Secondary infection

5.Sickle cell disease

6. Anaemia


Futher examination

  1. Full blood count

  2. Family history - thalassemia patient

  3. Ask about Blood transfusion program

  4. Iron chelation therapy

  5. Check about his siblings symptoms (carriers)

]]> 2024-01-28 06:42:51 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863981391 rinthiyabose https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863981487 Trigger 2

]]> 2024-01-28 06:43:19 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863981487 trigger 2 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863982886

  • jaundice - condition which the skin and whites of the eyes become yellow - haemolytic jaundice

  • tachychardia - abnormal heart rate

  • hepatosplenomegaly - enlargement of liver and spleen

  • hypochromia - rbc have less colour than normal

  • microcytosis - smaller than normal size

  • reticulocytosis - high amount of reticulocytes

  • polychromasia - multicoloured rbc in blood

  • target cells - presence of stain at the central pallor of rbc

    • ]]>     2024-01-28 06:49:29 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863982886     trigger 2 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863985914

  • low hb - severe anemia - < 100g/L

  • low hematocrit -

  • low MCV

  • low MCH

  • MCHC

  • hypochromic micrositic ( if mhv, mhc, and mchc is low )

  • rdw - normal

  • slightly increase wbc count - to know if there’s infection

  • high platelet count (thrombocytosis)- indicate bleeding tendency - due to increase microcytes - counted as platelet

  • serum ferritin - normal - patient not having iron deficiency

  • folate - normal - not haeAnemia

  • Hb-A , HbA2, Hb-F - to count hb variant - for thalassemia type determination

    • ]]>     2024-01-28 07:03:15 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863985914     investigation trigger 2 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863987833

  • bone marrow examination -

  • complete blood count ( as shown )

  • ultrasound- for hepatosplenomegaly

  • genetic testing

  • hb electrophoresis

    • ]]>     2024-01-28 07:10:39 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863987833     Trigger 3 rinthiyabose https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863988320 2024-01-28 07:12:09 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863988320 Trigger 3 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863991312

  • Pretansfusion test - test before blood transfuse utk compatibilitu

  • Anti-duffy ab - antigen dekat surface RBC, human blood group system. Anti-duffy ab will attack duffy dekat RBC

  • iron chelation therapy - guna drug to remove of excess iron from the body. ( supplement folic acid). Increase secrete of harmful antigen to remove. Start after serum firitin reach level or after 12-14 transfussion. ( can do oral, subcutaneous)

    • ]]>     2024-01-28 07:24:03 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863991312     Trigger 3 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863992072

  • regular blood transfusion - maintain Hb level & suppress abnormal thalasemia erythropoiesis

    • ]]>     2024-01-28 07:27:13 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863992072     Trigger 3 https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863994926

  • blood transfusion - every 4 weeks , using wash filter blood to remove white blood cell and plasma protein ( avoid effect)

  • BM transplantation - best managment for thalasemmia

  • Gene therapy

  • Splenactomy - for spleenomegaly - should not be done befor 5 years of live

  • Folic acid treatment - proliferation and maturation of RBC


    • B - thalasemmia prevention

    • thalasemmia test before marriage

    • screening at school level

    • prenatur during pregnancy before deliver

    ]]>     2024-01-28 07:39:12 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863994926     rinthiyabose https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863995030 2024-01-28 07:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/rinthiyabose/n3nee9lnzjxqyolw/wish/2863995030