he communicated through published debates and speeches, he used newspapers to influence public opinion.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

he added the use of the telegraph for fast and direct communication with military commanders, enhancing presidential wartime communication.

McKinley used moving pictures to reach the public, including a filmed reenactment of his nomination and his inauguration.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

McKinley was the first to use film as a communication tool, introducing a visual element to presidential campaigns.

he used catchy slogans and memorable quotes that newspapers and cartoons widely circulated.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

he capitalized on the rise of mass market newspapers, using punchy language to engage the public directly through media.

FDR used radio broadcasts, known as Fireside Chats, to speak directly to Americans.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

Unlike Coolidge, FDR used radio in a warm, conversational style, making listeners feel he was speaking directly to them.

Kennedy used television effectively, especially through televised debates that showcased his charisma and appearance.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

Unlike previous presidents, Kennedy mastered TV's visual power, appealing to viewers' perceptions and setting a new standard for televised image in politics.

Clinton primarily communicated through traditional media, with minimal use of email.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

Clinton was the first president with an official email address, though he rarely used it, marking an early step into digital communication.

Obama used the White House’s first Twitter account to connect with the public, though he didn’t personally tweet.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

Obama introduced Twitter as a formal communication tool for the presidency, setting the stage for direct social media engagement.

Trump used Twitter alot, tweeting thousands of times directly to the public.

• How did it change from the previous president? 

Unlike Obama, Trump personally tweeted, using Twitter as the primary platform to engage with supporters.