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      <title>Controversial Ballot Initiatives by Ishante Hunter</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj</link>
      <description>Lesson 2: Democracy and Constitutionalism in the States</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-06-22 19:48:26 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Instructions</title>
         <author>ishantehunterasu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1620289566</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Analyze a successful state initiative in your state that generated controversy. Explain the proposition, the controversy associated with the proposition, and reasons for its passage.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.gemmlearning.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/The-CAPD-Controversy1.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-06-22 19:48:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1620289566</guid>
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         <title>New York City Law Controversy -Nadia Flood</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1724772437</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Excluded Workers Fund</div><div><br></div><div>Through the Excluded Workers Fund, New York agreed to give payments to thousands of undocumented immigrants who were excluded from unemployment benefits and stimulus payments during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div><div>The $2.1 billion fund, <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/04/13/new-york-excluded-workers-fund-undocumented-immigrants/7201418002/">approved by lawmakers and Cuomo as part of the state budget in April</a>, provides payments of $15,600 or $3,200 (depending on the criteria they meet) to those who lost work during the pandemic but were ineligible for the stimulus and unemployment.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/04/13/new-york-excluded-workers-fund-undocumented-immigrants/7201418002/" />
         <pubDate>2021-09-08 13:04:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1724772437</guid>
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         <title>City of Greenhaven, GA</title>
         <author>ishantehunterasu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1724788089</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Bills for the proposed city of Greenhaven have been introduced in the state legislature in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Each year, the Greenhaven team has met all the requirements, unfortunately the DeKalb delegation has not yet voted to approve a referendum so that residents of unincorporated south DeKalb can vote on forming a city. Greenhaven remains the only cityhood movement in DeKalb County where all the requirements have been met but residents (who ultimately decide) have not been offered the opportunity to exercise self-determination – the right to vote.<br><br>https://youtu.be/jhkAmV6O37o</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-09-08 13:10:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1724788089</guid>
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         <title>Illinois.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1725053382</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Governor JB Pritzker signed HB 3653, a criminal justice and police reform bill, at Chicago State University on February 22, 2021<br><br>It states that the legislation will make sweeping changes to the state’s criminal justice system including ending cash bail which would allow defendants to go free at a judge’s discretion without bail while they await trial.</div><div><br>To sum up the bill, here are some examples of what it does :<br><br></div><ul><li>Moves Illinois from a system of pretrial detention that prioritizes wealth, to one that prioritizes public safety.</li><li>Diverts low-level drug crimes into substance use programs and treatments.</li><li>Modernizes sentencing laws and streamlines the victims’ compensation system.</li><li>Requires more investments in officer training, mental health, and officer wellness.</li><li>Expands training opportunities for officers, requires health and wellness services for officers, and protects officers from unjust lawsuits based on their reasonable actions.</li><li>Sets statewide standards on use of force, crowd control responses, de-escalation, and arrest techniques.</li><li>Requires the use of body-worn cameras by police departments statewide.</li><li>Professionalizes policing through the creation of a more robust certification system and lays out clear standards and processes for decertification.</li><li>Expands accountability across police departments by requiring the permanent retention of police misconduct records and removes the sworn affidavit requirement when filing police misconduct complaints.</li><li>Requires police departments to develop plans to protect vulnerable people present during search warrant raids.</li><li>Eliminates license suspensions for unpaid fines and fees due to red light camera and traffic offenses.</li><li>Ends prison gerrymandering.</li><li>Expands services for crime victims.<br><br></li></ul><div>HB 3653 was the result of years of work by community advocates, lawmakers, and members of law enforcement.<br><br></div><div>The legislation was an initiative of the Illinois Legislative Black Caucus and the culmination of nine public hearings, 30 hours of testimony, and countless meetings with law enforcement, community members, and advocates.<br><br></div><div>Senator Fowler stated, “This bill is a dangerous proposal that makes it easier for offenders to commit violent crimes, eliminates cash bail and endangers the safety of our citizens."<br><br></div><div>The reform bill also requires all police officers to use body cameras, to go through additional training, prohibit choke holds, require the maintenance of police misconduct records and require the use of special prosecutors in officer-involved deaths.<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-09-08 14:27:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1725053382</guid>
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         <title>North Carolina </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1725243305</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In North Carolina, citizens do not have the power to initiate statewide initiatives or referendums since 1917. The North Carolina State Legislature can refer statewide ballot measures, in the form of constitutional amendments and bond issues, to the ballot for statewide elections.<br>As of 2005, local initiative in all of the states largest cities, including Charlotte, Durham, Greensboro, Raleigh, and Winston-Salem.<br>Recently on June 28, 2021,&nbsp;<br>The U.S. Supreme Court opted Monday not take up a school board's appeal over the rights of transgender students to use the bathroom that corresponds with their gender identity.<br><br></div><div><br>The order marked a victory for Gavin Grimm, a transgender student from Virginia who sued the Gloucester County School Board in 2015 after school officials told him he had to use a unisex bathroom or the restroom that corresponded with the gender assigned to him at birth, which was female.<br><br></div><div><br>It also solidified legal precedent established by the lower court protecting the rights of transgender students — including in North Carolina.<br><br></div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/23/politics/north-carolina-gender-bathrooms-bill/index.html" />
         <pubDate>2021-09-08 15:24:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1725243305</guid>
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         <title>Hawaii</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1725725093</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This article highlights the point of view of the local community of the Hawaiian population.&nbsp;<br><br>In 2019 before the start of the pandemic Hawaii's economy had a surplus of visits from people all over the country. since the pandemic has been going on the rate of people come from the mainland to vacation has gone up and the local residents of Hawaii are not happy about.&nbsp;</div><div><br>The article states that "<em>over 23,000 people visit the island almost every day"</em> which is a major problem because more than likely half of the people coming to Hawaii are not vaccinated or not participating in wear face coverings. <br><br>If you factor in tourism and Hawaii is a small chain of islands, the impact of the covid-19 virus change to live of all of the residents and their economy. <em>"according to a </em><a href="https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2020/05/01/nhpi-hardest-hit-by-covid19/"><em>study</em></a><em> from the University of Hawaii at Mānoa. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders account for </em><a href="https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/03/16/breaking-news/only-8-8-of-native-hawaiians-and-pacific-islanders-have-received-covid-vaccine-doh-says/"><em>40% of the positive coronavirus cases</em></a><em> on the islands, but they only make up </em><a href="https://health.hawaii.gov/coronavirusdisease2019/what-you-should-know/current-situation-in-hawaii/"><em>25% of Hawaii's population</em></a><em>." </em>These numbers are trouble and since the vaccine has been out the number of vaccinated populous has not increased.&nbsp;<br><br>The residents of Hawaii are outraged because&nbsp;the government is hardly doing anything to keep the number of tourists under control, while also needing to increase the number of vaccinated citizens.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.insider.com/americans-flocking-to-hawaii-some-locals-dont-want-tourists-2021-4" />
         <pubDate>2021-09-08 18:15:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1725725093</guid>
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         <title>Florida</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1737077038</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) — Florida’s state Board of Education banned “critical race theory” from public school classrooms Thursday, adopting new rules it said would shield schoolchildren from curricula that could “distort historical events.”<br></strong><br></div><div>The Black Lives Matter movement has helped bring contentious discussions about race to the forefront of American discourse, and classrooms have become a battleground. Supporters contend that federal law has preserved the unequal treatment of people on the basis of race and that the country was founded on the theft of land and labor.<br><br></div><div>&nbsp;<br>Opponents of critical race theory say schoolchildren should not be taught that America is fundamentally racist. Governors and legislatures in Republican-led states around the country are considering or have signed into law bills that would limit how teachers can frame American history. The new rules say classroom instruction “must be factual and objective and may not suppress or distort significant historical events.” It goes on to mention the Holocaust, slavery and the Civil War, as well as the civil rights movement and the contributions of Blacks, Hispanics and women to the country.<br><br></div><div>&nbsp;<br>During his brief appearance Thursday, DeSantis called it “outrageous” how some instructors are deviating from what he and others consider the fundamentals of history.<br><br></div><div>“Some of this stuff is, I think, really toxic,” DeSantis told the school board. “I think it’s going to cause a lot of divisions. I think it’ll cause people to think of themselves more as a member of a particular race based on skin color, rather than based on the content of their character and based on their hard work and what they’re trying to accomplish in life.”<br><br></div><div>&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-09-13 18:33:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1737077038</guid>
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         <title>California </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1737098351</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In California voters have approved US$5.5 billion in funding for stem-cell and other medical research, granting a lifeline to a controversial state agency. But scientists are split over whether the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in Oakland is a worthwhile investment for the US state — or for the field of stem-cell research.<br><br>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;On November 12 the associated press announced that California had passed the proposal, which will pay for the state bond sale. The bill was passed to authorize new funds for CIRM, called Proposition 14. But critics of CIRM are concerned about oversight at the state agency, which has faced complaints about potential conflicts of interest among its board members for years. They also point out that the field has grown and now receives federal support, making state funding hard to justify — especially amid a pandemic that has imperiled California’s economy.<br>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) was created by a California ballot initiative to make stem cell research a constitutional right, in response to Bush administration restrictions on stem cell research. The initiative created a taxpayer-funded, multibillion-dollar institution, intended to advance public health by developing cures and treatments for diabetes, cancer, paralysis, and other conditions. The initiative has been highly controversial among stakeholders and watchdog groups concerned with organizational transparency, accountability, and the ethics of stem cell research. We interviewed major stakeholders—both supporters and opponents—and analyzed documents and meeting notes. We found that the CIRM has overcome start-up challenges, been selectively influenced by criticism, and adhered to its core mission.<br><br>People that don't think that the covid-19 outbreak was real or a big deal are having problems with this new law. California's citizens didn't want all of the states money to go to fund this very important stem cell research that could save their lives one day, they don't the money being taken out of there checks every week they are more worried about the now and not the future.  <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03147-x" />
         <pubDate>2021-09-13 18:42:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1737098351</guid>
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         <title>Colorado </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1755806299</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>he 2015 session was the first time a death with dignity bill was considered in the Colorado legislature after the Oregon Death with Dignity Act went into effect. Colorado had considered physician-assisted dying bills in 1995 (HB 95-1308) and 1996 (HB 96-1185).<br><br>On November 8, 2016, Colorado voters passed <a href="http://www.leg.state.co.us/LCS/Initiative%20Referendum/1516initrefr.nsf/b74b3fc5d676cdc987257ad8005bce6a/99fbc3387156ab5c87257fae00748890/$FILE/2015-2016%20145bb.pdf">Proposition 106, the End of Life Options Act</a>, at the ballot by 65 to 35 percent (or 2 to 1) margin. The law went into effect on December 16, 2016.<br><br><br>Should this bill be  enacted? </div><div><br><br></div><div><br><br><br>In the 2017 legislative session, opponents of the new aid in dying law introduced HB 1368, a bill that would amend the Act to allow, rather than require, the attending physician or hospice medical director to sign the death certificate of someone who used an aid-in-dying medication. The bill died in committee.<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://deathwithdignity.org/states/colorado/" />
         <pubDate>2021-09-21 01:47:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1755806299</guid>
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         <title>Louisiana` </title>
         <author>dmccrar5</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ishantehunterasu/n0soskw3upkfdaqj/wish/1903868992</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div>A state senator has dropped a bid to change Louisiana’s unique jungle primary system for congressional races in favor of closed party primaries, shelving an issue that has created sharp public divisions between some of the state’s leading Republicans.<br><br></div><div>State Sen. Sharon Hewitt, R-Slidell, pulled her bill to change the state’s primary system Wednesday, saying more study is warranted.<br><br></div><div>“There’s a lot of uncertainty and a lot of stress. We’re in a state that’s had a jungle primary for a very, very long time,” Hewitt said. “I don’t think we’re really at that place yet in our state.”<br><br></div><div>Currently, Louisiana has a unusual election system where all candidates appear on the same primary ballot, regardless of party. If one candidate gets over 50%, they win. If not, the top two candidates move to a runoff. Louisiana is one of a handful of states that puts all candidates on the same ballot regardless of party.<br><br></div><div>The Louisiana Republican Party, with the support of key GOP leaders like Attorney General Jeff Landry and U.S. Rep. Steve Scalise, has pushed for the Legislature to move Louisiana to closed party primaries. Scalise said his main aim is to hold elections for Congress earlier, which would send the winner to D.C. in November as other states do, instead of holding December runoffs. But the timing can’t be changed without altering the election system, because incumbents often win outright in the primary, and the state can’t elect its members of Congress before November.<br><br></div><div>Rep. Barry Ivey, R-Central, pushed forward another idea Wednesday: Holding the primaries for congressional races in September, with November runoffs, and if a candidate wins outright in the primary, the state would hold off on declaring the winner until November. That would address Scalise's issue, he said. The proposal – House Bill 557 – was advanced by the House and Governmental Affairs Committee Wednesday.&nbsp;<br><br></div><div><br></div><div>But the proposal to do away with open primaries entirely drew intense pushback from some other Republicans, including Lt. Gov. Billy Nungesser. Nungesser went to a meeting of the Republican State Central Committee last month to argue the move would produce “extreme candidates.”&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>Nungesser, who has shown a willingness to work with Democrats, said he will likely run for governor in 2023. Landry is considered a potential candidate as well, and Nungesser suggested the attorney general couldn't win that race unless the state were to move to closed primaries.<br><br></div><div>U.S. Sen. Bill Cassidy and U.S. Rep. Garret Graves, both Republicans from Baton Rouge, have also come out against the proposed change, arguing candidates should try to appeal to the entire state instead of only people registered with a specific party.<br><br></div><div>Some of the state’s more conservative Republicans make the opposite argument: They believe if candidates have to first win a nomination by only registered Republicans, it will produce more conservative candidates, which they see as a good thing. That idea gained steam following Cassidy’s vote to convict former President Donald Trump on charges of incitement of insurrection, a decision that drew fury from many Louisiana Trump supporters.<br><br></div><div>Louisiana is a heavily Republican state in voting patterns, with every statewide office besides governor currently held by a Republican, and seven of eight congressional seats held by the GOP. But the state still has more registered Democrats than Republicans because of a large contingency of people who registered as Democrats when that was the dominant party in Louisiana but now regularly vote for Republicans. Some GOP officials have said closing the party primaries would help change that idiosyncrasy.<br><br></div><div>Hewitt’s bill was the result of a task force that studied the idea of moving to closed party primaries. Ahead of the legislative session, the task force -- which included Democrats -- recommended the state change to closed party primaries for Congressional races, while leaving the open primary in place for other elections. Hewitt’s bill would have made the change in law.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-20 22:03:29 UTC</pubDate>
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