https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p Chall's Stages of Reading en-us 2023-06-11 20:17:20 UTC 2023-07-22 02:45:58 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4da.png kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2648130621 Syntax is the pattern or structure of word order in sentences, clauses, and phrases, or the rules for determining how a language will be used to formulate a thought. (adj. syntactic(al))

]]> 2023-07-19 23:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2648130621 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2648139839 Referring to activities designed to develop knowledge, skills, and perspectives in preparation for reading a text within instruction.]]> 2023-07-19 23:41:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2648139839 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2648191189 Early reading and writing behaviors (e.g., scribble writing and pretend reading), knowledge (e.g., a book is a source of a story or information), and attitudes (e.g., question asking about neighborhood signs) are demonstrated by individuals as precursors of conventional literacy. The term is often used to characterize those aspects of literacy that develop without any formal instruction but rather through a stimulating environment. The concept reflects an appreciation for the notion that literacy development begins well before formal instruction.]]> 2023-07-20 00:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2648191189 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649244798 The home literacy activities of families. The term is also used to refer to literacy education programs that focus on developing the literacy skills of parents and children simultaneously.]]> 2023-07-21 14:57:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649244798 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649347711 Invented or inventive spelling involves using one's phonetic knowledge to make one's best written rendition of the word.]]> 2023-07-21 22:21:52 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649347711 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649347904 (1) Using one or more strategies to identify a printed word and its meaning; (2) Using knowledge of the logic of the written symbol system (especially letter–sound relationships and patterns in alphabetic orthographies) to translate print into speech; encoding involves translating speech into print using this knowledge.]]> 2023-07-21 22:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649347904 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649348131 Language used in speaking as distinct from writing. It can also imply a style of language that is written as if spoken, as in conversation or dialogue. (See also written language)

]]> 2023-07-21 22:25:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649348131 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649348606 1. of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking, reasoning, or remembering) cognitive impairment. 2. based on or capable of being reduced to empirical factual knowledge.]]> 2023-07-21 22:28:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649348606 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649348776 Words or word phrases that alert a reader that a smooth transition from one idea to the next is occurring. These clue words often appear to indicate addition, emphasize, illustrate, compare or contrast, and identify that cause and effect is occurring (e.g., likewise, first, second, finally, to illustrate, in the same way as).]]> 2023-07-21 22:29:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649348776 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349161 The process by which humans obtain competence in the use of language. (Note: Contemporary theories and studies of language acquisition, especially by young children, are foundational in current conceptions of literacy development in and out of school.) (cf. language learning)]]> 2023-07-21 22:33:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349161 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349480 The smallest unit of sound in spoken language that makes a difference in communication. The spoken word nose consists of three phonemes: /n/-/o/-/z/.]]> 2023-07-21 22:36:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349480 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349624 The ability to detect and manipulate the smallest units (i.e., phonemes) of spoken language. For example, recognition that the word cat includes three distinct sounds or phonemes represents phonemic awareness. Individuals with phonemic awareness can blend phonemes to form spoken words, segment spoken words into their constituent phonemes, delete phonemes from spoken words, add phonemes, and substitute phonemes. ]]> 2023-07-21 22:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349624 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349928 Awareness of sounds of words in learning to read and spell. (Note: The constituents of words can be distinguished in three ways: (1) by syllables, as /bo˘ok/, (2) by onsets and rimes, as /b/ and /o˘ok/, or (3) by phonemes, as /b/ and /o˘o/ and /k/. (cf. phonemic awareness)

]]> 2023-07-21 22:39:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649349928 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350141 An approach to teaching reading that emphasizes the systematic relationship between the sounds of language and the graphemes (i.e., letters or letter combinations) that represent those sounds. Learners apply this knowledge to decode printed words. ]]> 2023-07-21 22:41:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350141 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350307 The initial creative stage of writing, prior to drafting, in which the writer formulates ideas, gathers information, and considers ways to organize them; planning.]]> 2023-07-21 22:42:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350307 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350491 A read-aloud is the practice of a teacher or designated reader orally reading a text with large or small groups. Pictures or text may be shared visually with the students whose primary role is to listen and view the illustrations. The intent is to model proficient reading and language, promote conversation, motivate, and extend comprehension and conceptual understandings. ]]> 2023-07-21 22:44:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350491 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350745 Automaticity is the process of automatically recognizing words quickly and effortlessly during reading (without conscious attention). It is developed with lots of reading practice.]]> 2023-07-21 22:46:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649350745 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351055 The concept that letters or groups of letters in alphabetic orthographies (i.e., written systems) represent the phonemes (sounds) of spoken language.]]> 2023-07-21 22:48:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351055 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351416 The ability to act (speak, read, write) with ease and accuracy. Research indicates that oral reading fluency is the ability to read text accurately, with sufficient speed, prosody, and expression. It is an essential component of reading because it permits the reader to focus on constructing meaning from the text rather than on decoding words. ]]> 2023-07-21 22:51:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351416 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351738 Knowing that stems from previous experience; the knowledge someone already possesses prior to reading a text.]]> 2023-07-21 22:54:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351738 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351928 Words including of, like, he, she, I, the, but, good, and is that occur often in oral and written language.

]]> 2023-07-21 22:55:35 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649351928 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649353290 Providing assessment-identified instructional supports early, appropriately, and intensively to students underperforming at grade level to propel their reading and learning. An example would be RTI (Response to Intervention), which screens a class for the appropriate level at which to intervene.]]> 2023-07-21 23:05:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649353290 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649353865 (writing). Involves translating speech into print using the knowledge of the logic of the written symbol system (especially letter–sound relationships and patterns in alphabetic orthographies). ]]> 2023-07-21 23:09:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649353865 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649354432 Used to build phonological awareness skills in beginning readers. Words are segmented into individual sounds, or phonemes, and corresponding boxes are drawn to match each. For example, the word bat would have three corresponding boxes. A child listens to a pronunciation of the word and then moves a token or coin into the box for each corresponding sound or phoneme. (Elkonin, 1963)

]]> 2023-07-21 23:12:52 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649354432 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649357090 The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) is a set of assessments designed to measure reading fluency and early literacy skills of elementary students.]]> 2023-07-21 23:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649357090 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649358851 Reading materials designed to prompt beginning readers to apply their increasing knowledge of how the alphabetic system works. Decodable texts are progressively sequenced, primarily incorporating words that consist of previously taught letter–sound patterns (e.g., the letter p represents the sound /p/) and spelling-sound (e.g., the pattern igh represents the long i sound, as in the words light, bright, night) correspondences, along with selected high-frequency irregularly spelled sight words. (Note: Some words are temporarily irregular because the spelling-sound correspondences have not yet been taught.)]]> 2023-07-21 23:38:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649358851 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649359170 Combining units of sound (syllables, onsets and rimes, phonemes) to form a word.]]> 2023-07-21 23:40:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649359170 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649360145 Making meaning of what is viewed, read, or heard. Comprehension includes understanding what is expressed outright or implied as well as interpreting what is viewed, read, or heard by drawing on one's knowledge and experiences. Comprehension may also involve application and critical examination of the message in terms of intent, rhetorical choices, and credibility.]]> 2023-07-21 23:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649360145 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649377890 The goals, values, beliefs, and dispositions that energize behavior, elicit cognitions, and regulate literacy processes and learning.]]> 2023-07-22 01:25:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649377890 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649378096 The study of structure and forms of words including derivation, inflection, and compounding. (adj. morphological)]]> 2023-07-22 01:26:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649378096 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649378644 Patterns of stress or intonation in language, such as the rising intonation at the end of a question in English. An important feature of oral reading.]]> 2023-07-22 01:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649378644 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649385563 The ease with which a reader can understand a written text. A text's readability is predicted on the basis of quantitative analysis of text features, such as vocabulary and syntax. A reader's prior knowledge, interest, and familiarity are nontextual factors that also affect one's reading of text.]]> 2023-07-22 01:59:46 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649385563 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649386085 Measured by words read per minute, reading rate influences one's fluency and comprehension. Students' reading rate should increase continually during elementary school years.]]> 2023-07-22 02:01:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649386085 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649386668 Types of written or spoken language categorized by purpose (e.g., narrative, exposition, argument).]]> 2023-07-22 02:03:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649386668 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649387118 A text that contains graphic features and communicates information primarily through the visual images rather than words.]]> 2023-07-22 02:05:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649387118 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649388362 Reading on one's own. Can occur inside school, when teachers provide scheduled time for all students to read self-selected print or digital texts, or outside school, when students are self-motivated to read. The goal is not only to read but also to enjoy reading; as such, independent reading is not tied to assessment, formative or otherwise. Teachers may offer suggestions about texts on the basis of students' self-identified interests, confer with students about the texts they are reading, or engage students in peer discussions and shared booktalks. ]]> 2023-07-22 02:11:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649388362 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649388692 A conclusion reached or a claim made based on earlier evidence interpreted with logic or insight. Inferences can be overturned, modified, or accepted even more resolutely when additional evidence or different reasoning becomes available.]]> 2023-07-22 02:12:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649388692 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649389082 An inflection involves the changing of pitch, tone, or loudness of words to communicate meaning in speech.

]]> 2023-07-22 02:14:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649389082 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649390141 The Frayer model (Frayer, Frederick, & Klausmeier, 1969) is a technique used to teach vocabulary. It involves students completing a four-quadrant graphic organizer with the target term in the center. The first quadrant is where the definition is written. The second quadrant involves providing examples. The third quadrant is for including either nonexamples or nonessential characteristics. The fourth quadrant can be used for adding a sentence that expands the meaning or for drawing a picture that illustrates the meaning of the word.]]> 2023-07-22 02:16:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649390141 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649390550 Dialogic reading is an interactive technique between a reader and a questioner that is designed to improve reading comprehension. The process involves the reader and the questioner looking at a picture book together as the questioner moves from simple to more complex questions about what he or she is seeing. The questioner could also be reading the text to a group and asking the questions.]]> 2023-07-22 02:18:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649390550 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649392022 An electronic version of a written text. A message displayed on an electronic device or computer screen. Single images, short messages, and full-length articles and books can all be presented online. Research has indicated that reading these texts requires a different set of skills than reading print because of special features available in digital texts such as hyperlinks, search capability, and various graphic features.

]]> 2023-07-22 02:23:33 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649392022 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649392948 Words across languages that are similar in form, pronunciation, and/or spelling that share similar or overlapping meanings. Because many languages share histories, they also often share many similarities. Spanish and Italian, for example, share Latin as a kind of mother language and, therefore, include many lexical items that are considered cognates of a word.]]> 2023-07-22 02:27:55 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649392948 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649393278 The academic preparation that would be sufficient to allow a student to participate successfully in postsecondary education or a career without the need for remedial academic support.

]]> 2023-07-22 02:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649393278 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649393695 Complete competence and mastery in two or more languages (i.e., knowledge and control over the language so as to sound native). It also refers to people who possess enough competence to have the ability to understand a second language but who cannot speak it or whose abilities to speak it are inhibited by psychological barriers. (See also bilingualism)]]> 2023-07-22 02:31:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649393695 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649394353 The ability to use printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential beyond secondary school.]]> 2023-07-22 02:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649394353 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649394884  Language that is used and valued within academic professions and schools. Extending beyond isolated words and phrases, academic language can be contrasted with conversational or vernacular language. These forms serve different purposes and thus make use of different syntax, lexical items, and forms of organization. Academic language is similar to the language used in books, but it is designed to efficiently convey information in the content areas of math, science, literature, and social studies. As such, experts in different areas make assumptions about readers' prior knowledge. Students and novices typically need support and instruction to fully benefit from information found in academic written and oral forms (e.g., There appears to be no compelling reason to argue that ___. The data appear to suggest that ___. To foster discussion, I would like to argue that ___.).]]> 2023-07-22 02:35:33 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649394884 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649395279 A list of terms or statements about a topic that is shared before reading to activate prior knowledge and opinions in order to set the stage for purposeful reading. The statements are often structured so students can agree or disagree; their responses provide an assessment of knowledge about the topic to be studied or text to be read. Discussion of responses often serves to heighten curiosity and establish focus for reading.]]> 2023-07-22 02:37:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649395279 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649396199 The complexity of a text refers to an assessment of its features such as general readability, levels of meaning, structures, and language clarity that may cause some difficulties for readers to comprehend.]]> 2023-07-22 02:41:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649396199 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649397010 Derivational suffixes are those used to make (or derive) new words, often resulting in changing the part or function of speech. For example, the verb help can be changed by adding the suffix -ful, resulting in the adjective helpful, meaning "giving help."]]> 2023-07-22 02:44:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649397010 kg076 https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649397347 Instruction designed to be specific for individuals or groups of learners to enhance the learning of skills, concepts, and strategies. Modifying the content, the style of teaching, and the products signifies that a customized experience that grew out of a student's specific learning needs has occurred. (See also balanced literacy instruction, with a focus on guided reading)]]> 2023-07-22 02:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kg076/n0rjsx8e5fw4yr1p/wish/2649397347