GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) by Ciara Alexandria Pilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb en-us 2020-10-26 13:43:15 UTC 2024-10-02 00:53:15 UTC hello@padlet.com ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861823332 2020-10-26 14:14:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861823332 ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861842650 Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry or simply GC-MS is an analysis and separation technique used for smaller and volatile molecules such as benzenes, alcohols and aromatics, and simple molecules such as steroids, fatty acids, and hormones. It involves two techniques combined in a single method: chromatography and spectrometry, hence the name (Thermo Fisher Scientific, n.d.).]]> 2020-10-26 14:18:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861842650 ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861867491 GC-MS is used in screening tests for the detection of several congenital metabolic diseases.  It detects trace levels of compounds present in the urine of patients with genetic metabolic disorders. It can also detect the presence of oils in ointments, creams, and lotions.]]> 2020-10-26 14:23:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861867491 Environmental Monitoring ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861883904 Monitoring environmental pollutants is a major application of GC-MS. It is widely used in the detection of dibenzofurans, dioxins, herbicides, sulfur, pesticides, phenols, and chlorophenols in air, soil, and water.]]> 2020-10-26 14:27:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861883904 Food and Fragrance Analysis ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861895368 Aromatic compounds such as fatty acids, esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and terpenes present in food and beverages can be easily analyzed using GC-MS.  The technique can also be used to detect c spoilage or contamination of food. The analysis of a wide range of oils such as lavender oil, olive oil, spearmint oil, and essential oils, perfumes, fragrances, allergens, menthol, and syrups is also possible using GC-MS.]]> 2020-10-26 14:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861895368 Pharmaceutical Applications ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861905064 In the pharmaceutical industry, GC-MS is used in research and development, production, and quality control. It is used in identification of impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients. In medicinal chemistry, GC-MS is used in the synthesis and characterization of compounds and in pharmaceutical biotechnology.]]> 2020-10-26 14:31:23 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861905064 Forensic Applications ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861908765 Using GC-MS, fire debris analysis can be performed as per the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. GC-MS is widely used in forensic toxicology to identify poisons and steroids in biological specimens and in anti-doping labs to detect performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids.]]> 2020-10-26 14:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861908765 Biological Analysis ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861913392 GC-MS can be used for the bioanalysis of body fluids to detect narcotics, barbiturates, alcohols, and drugs such as anticonvulsants, anesthetics, antihistamines, sedative hypnotics, and anti-epileptic drugs. It is also useful in detecting pollutants and metabolites in serum and in fatty acid profiling in microbes.]]> 2020-10-26 14:33:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861913392 Chemical Warfare ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861921387 Explosive detection systems in public places use GC-MS technique for the analysis and detection of chemical warfare agents.]]> 2020-10-26 14:34:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861921387 Geochemical Research ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861927266 Due to its structurally significant mass spectral peaks, extended range of analyzable low volatility samples, enhanced molecular ions, and valuable isotope ratio information, GC-MS is a powerful tool for geochemical applications. GC-MS has been used to analyze the atmosphere of Venus and has also been used by the Viking program on Mars. Additionally, a chiral GC-MS system has been used by the Rosetta mission to analyze the materials in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.]]> 2020-10-26 14:35:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861927266 Industrial Applications ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861933707 GC-MS is ideal for the analysis of inorganic gases and aromatic solvents, detection of impurities and allergens in cosmetics.  It is also used in the synthesis of cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polyvinyl, and synthetic fibers.]]> 2020-10-26 14:37:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861933707 GC-MS https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861946922 1. High-efficiency separations have been achieved with numerous commercial capillary columns
2. This technique allows achieving high-efficiency chromatographic separation and excellent limits of quantification, and it allows use of commercial mass spectral libraries for identification of sample constituents.
3. For some of the analytes, such as organic acids, GC-MS has advantages of higher specificity compared to soft ionization techniques used in LC-MS.
4. Reliable and relatively low instrument cost and maintenance
5. GC-MS analysis generally avoids the interfering effects of ion suppression on metabolite signal intensities, which is a major challenge faced by LC-MS due the high energy nature of its ionization source (typically 70 eV)]]> 2020-10-26 14:39:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861946922 Gas Chromatography https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861957401 1. Due to its high efficiency, GC allows the separation of the components of complex mixtures in a reasonable time.
2. Accurate quantitation (usually sharp reproducible peaks are obtained)
3. Mature technique with many applications notes available for users.
4. Multiple detectors with high sensitivity (ppb) are available, which can also be used in series with a mass spectrometer since MS is a non-destructive technique.]]> 2020-10-26 14:41:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861957401 Mass Spectrometry https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861964214 1. High sensitivity and selectivity, as well as high throughput and depth of coverage (parts per million)
2. It is an excellent tool for identifying unknown components in a sample or confirming their presence]]> 2020-10-26 14:43:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861964214 GC-MS https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861973144 1. GC-MS methods are not capable of directly analyzing drugs that are nonvolatile, polar, or thermally labile. The thermal stability of the stationary phase, metabolites and their derivatives limit the metabolome coverage derived by GC-MS
2. GC-MS analysis normally requires somewhat extensive sample preparation including chemical derivatization to increase thermal stability and volatility. Compounds are required to be sufficiently volatile to allow transfer from the liquid phase to the mobile carrier gas and thus to elute from the analytical column to the detector. Several metabolites can just be analyzed by GC-MS after derivatization and this might introduce variability and produce derivatization artifacts ]]> 2020-10-26 14:44:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861973144 Gas Chromatography https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861984051 1. Most GC detectors are destructive, except for MS.
2. Limited to thermally stable and volatile compounds. Most analytes have a molecular weight below 500 KDa due to some volatility issues]]> 2020-10-26 14:47:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861984051 Mass Spectrometry https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861990523 It isn't very good at identifying hydrocarbons that produce similar ions and it's unable to tell optical and geometrical isomers apart. The disadvantages are compensated for by combining MS with other techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC-MS).]]> 2020-10-26 14:48:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861990523 ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861998083 GC-MS method works on the principle that a mixture of substances can be separated when heated and the components can be identified after separation. It involves two techniques: separating the components of a sample using gas chromatography (GC) and identifying the components at a molecular level using mass spectrometry (MS). It begins with a gas chromatograph to vaporize the sample under a high temperature and separate its various components using a capillary column packed with a stationary (solid) phase and carried by an inert gas such as helium, argon, or nitrogen (mobile phase) across the column. As the components separate, they elute from the column at different times depending on their affinity with the stationary phase. Components with higher affinity with the stationary phase are strongly retained while those with low affinity migrate rapidly through the column. The separated components flow into a detector called mass spectrometer where they are ionized using electron or chemical ionizers. The detector generates a measurable electrical signal, referred to as ‘peak’ (mass-to-charge ratio), that is proportional to the amount of analyte. The final readout of the peak heights called the mass spectrum is then analyzed and quantified using computer libraries of mass spectra for different compounds to identify the analytes present in the sample (Thermo Fisher Scientific, n.d.).]]> 2020-10-26 14:49:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/861998083 Derivatization of carbohydrates for GC and GC–MS analyses ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862027693 2020-10-26 14:55:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862027693 Extraction and GC/MS Analysis of the Human Blood Plasma Metabolome ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862036195 2020-10-26 14:57:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862036195 A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based study on urine metabolomics in rats chronically poisoned with hydrogen sulfide ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862045157 2020-10-26 14:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862045157 GC-MS analysis of bio-active compounds in methanolic extract of Lactuca runcinata DC ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862057585 2020-10-26 15:01:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862057585 📚 References: https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862062929 Aretz, Ina & Meierhofer, D.(2016). Advantages and Pitfalls of Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolome Profiling in Systems Biology. Int J Mol Sci, 17(5): 632.

Baron, A. and Pavan M. (August 10, 2020). Principles of Gas Chromatography. Retrieved October 23, 2020 from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Book:_Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/03:_Principles_of_Gas_Chromatography/3.01:_Principles_of_Gas_Chromatography?fbclid=IwAR0Q0QxjRFZiT-yfuSdakpPSgbt5-e-iwXpG2U8fFUrDnUc3owPhCAxHY58.

Chiu, Huai-Hsuan and Kuo, Ching-Hua. “Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Strategies for Fatty Acid Analysis in Biological Samples.” Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, vol. 28, no. 1, 1 Jan. 2020, pp. 60–73. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1021949819300985.

Deng, M., Zhang, M., Sun, F., Ma, J., Hu, L., Yang, X., Lin, G., & Wang, X. (2014). A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based study on urine metabolomics in rats chronically poisoned with hydrogen sulfide. BioMed Research International, 2015(295241), 6. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/295241.

Kanthal, L. K., Dey, A., Satyavathi, K., & Bhojaraju, P. (2014). GC-MS analysis of bio-active compounds in methanolic extract of Lactuca runcinata DC. Pharmacognosy research, 6(1), 58–61. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.122919.

Thermo Fisher Scientific.(n.d.). Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Information.
Retrieved October 20,2020 from https://www.thermofisher.com/ph/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/mass-spectrometry-learning-center/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms-information.html

Kadhim, M. J., Mohammed, G. J., & Hussein, H. M.. (2016). Analysis of bioactive metabolites from Candida albicans using (GC-MS) and evaluation of antibacterial activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 8(7), 655-670. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=gc+ms+journal&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qabs&u=#p=55o-hoMk3nAJ

Hummel, J., Strehmel, N., & Selbig, J. et al. (2010). Decision tree supported substructure prediction of metabolites from GC-MS profiles. Metabolomics. 6, 322-333. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-010-0198-7

Roessner, U., Wagner, C., Kopka, J., Trethewey, R.N., & Willmitzer, L. (2000). Simultaneous analysis of metabolites in potato tubers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Plant Journal, 23(1), 131-142. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00774.x

Maurer, H.H. (1992). Systematic toxicological analysis of drugs and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 580 (1-2), 3-41. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(92)80526-V

Fico, D., et al. “An Enhanced GC/MS Procedure for the Identification of Proteins in Paint Microsamples.” Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, vol. 2018, 2018, pp. 1–8. Retrieved October 20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6032084.

Gowda, N., Alvarado, L., & Raftery, D. (2017). Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease: Metabolomics. United Kingdom: Elsevier Inc.

Jordan University of Science and Technology. Gas Chromatograpy. Retrieved October 23, 2020 from http://www.just.edu.jo/FacultiesandDepartments/FacultyofScienceandArts/Pages/Gas-Chromatography.aspx?fbclid=IwAR2-JOm2JxLTGReifUtUwMF5j5m9ZxfTpkk1Gex6QbVLbr8sKbM7UlCAOmE

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]]> 2020-10-26 15:02:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862062929 Analysis of bioactive metabolites from Candida albicans using (GC-MS) and evaluation of antibacterial activity ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862074883 2020-10-26 15:04:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862074883 Decision tree supported substructure prediction of metabolites from GC-MS profiles ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862100098 2020-10-26 15:09:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862100098 GC–MS analysis of volatile organic compounds from Bambara groundnut rhizobacteria and their antibacterial properties carlovisande https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862206983 2020-10-26 15:30:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862206983 Systematic toxicological analysis of drugs and their metabolites by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862255675 2020-10-26 15:40:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862255675 Forensic Characterization of Liquor Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) – A Review carlovisande https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862281971 2020-10-26 15:45:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862281971 Simultaneous analysis of metabolites in potato tuber by gas chromatography –mass spectrometry carlovisande https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862340644 2020-10-26 15:57:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862340644 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies for fatty acid analysis in biological samples carlovisande https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862356148 2020-10-26 16:01:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862356148 An Enhanced GC/MS Procedure for the Identification of Proteins in Paint Microsamples carlovisande https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862363277 2020-10-26 16:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862363277 monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862577899 https://www.shsu.edu/%7Echm_tgc/sounds/pushmovies/gcms.html]]> 2020-10-26 16:44:25 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862577899 GC-MS monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862651478 2020-10-26 16:59:05 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/862651478 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/864040879 2020-10-27 01:02:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/864040879 maryserlynheathermariblanca https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/865205728 👋 Hi there! Here is a simplified video about Gas Chromatography]]> 2020-10-27 11:19:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/865205728 maryserlynheathermariblanca https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/865247841 ▶️ A video on Mass Spectrometry]]> 2020-10-27 11:42:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/865247841 maryserlynheathermariblanca https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/865739855 Before you start indulging on the facts, kindly play this. ]]> 2020-10-27 14:00:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/865739855 📌 REVIEW! imeluleonorraso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868107317 1. Two techniques used are: separating the components of a sample using ________ and identifying the components at a molecular level ________.
2. GC-MS allows us to separate individual components according to ________ and ________.
3. True/False. GC-MS is also used in medicine as a test for detection of infectious diseases
4. True/False. One disadvantage of GC-MS is its low specificity for organic acids compared to other techniques.
5.  The final readout of the peak heights is called the _________.]]> 2020-10-28 01:49:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868107317 ✍ANSWERS: imeluleonorraso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868141088 1. gas chromatography & mass spectrometry
2. volatility & mass
3. False. GC-MS is used for detection of congenital metabolic diseases.
4. False. GC-MS has advantages of higher specificity compared to soft ionization techniques used in LC-MS.
5. mass spectrum or chromatogram]]> 2020-10-28 02:09:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868141088 imeluleonorraso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868149377 2020-10-28 02:14:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868149377 imeluleonorraso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868160187 2020-10-28 02:21:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868160187 GC-MS Diagram https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868164368 2020-10-28 02:23:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868164368 Volatile vs Nonvolative https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868185429 2020-10-28 02:38:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868185429 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868185987 2020-10-28 02:38:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868185987 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868189931 2020-10-28 02:41:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868189931 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868192771 2020-10-28 02:42:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868192771 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868194935 2020-10-28 02:44:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868194935 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868198633 2020-10-28 02:46:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868198633 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868200679 2020-10-28 02:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868200679 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868208154 2020-10-28 02:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868208154 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868216256 2020-10-28 02:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868216256 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868218600 2020-10-28 03:00:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868218600 Derivatization Methods in GC and GC/MS https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868219053 Please read if you want further information. ]]> 2020-10-28 03:00:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868219053 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868220330 2020-10-28 03:01:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868220330 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868221440 2020-10-28 03:02:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868221440 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868226075 2020-10-28 03:05:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868226075 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868226639 CLICK THERE]]> 2020-10-28 03:06:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868226639 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868227810 2020-10-28 03:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868227810 Chemical Derivatization of Acetate https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868232021 2020-10-28 03:10:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868232021 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868232247 2020-10-28 03:10:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868232247 monicaderobles 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https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868259938 2020-10-28 03:30:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868259938 🤔 BRAIN WORKOUT!!! https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868397437 2020-10-28 04:59:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868397437 monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868423982 2020-10-28 05:14:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/868423982 MEDICINE kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869700552 2020-10-28 14:10:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869700552 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869705256 2020-10-28 14:11:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869705256 GEOCHEMICAL RESEARCH kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869722519 2020-10-28 14:14:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869722519 FOOD AND FRAGRANCE ANALYSIS kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869725336 2020-10-28 14:15:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869725336 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869780943 2020-10-28 14:27:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869780943 CHEMICAL WARFARE kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869784310 2020-10-28 14:27:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869784310 PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869806077 2020-10-28 14:32:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869806077 BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869808188 2020-10-28 14:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869808188 FORENSIC APPLICATIONS kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869833112 2020-10-28 14:38:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869833112 LO-FI BEATS FOR YOU 🎶 kaicalimoso https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869839185 2020-10-28 14:39:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/869839185 See Answers Below! https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872057599 2020-10-29 03:41:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872057599 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872078878 2020-10-29 03:59:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872078878 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872082097 2020-10-29 04:02:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872082097 https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872085554 2020-10-29 04:06:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872085554 monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872092038 2020-10-29 04:12:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872092038 monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872093760 2020-10-29 04:14:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872093760 ciaraalexandriapilota https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872095871 2020-10-29 04:17:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872095871 monicaderobles https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872111516 2020-10-29 04:33:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ciaraalexandriapilota/n04vjvreysf07rvb/wish/872111516