https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta en-us 2023-01-31 02:59:00 UTC 2025-06-18 18:46:17 UTC hello@padlet.com meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462376590 The smallest unit of sound in spoken language that makes a difference in communication. The spoken word nose consists of three phonemes: /n/-/o/-/z/.]]> 2023-01-31 03:09:14 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462376590 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462385486 An approach to teaching reading that emphasizes the systematic relationship between the sounds of language and the graphemes (i.e., letters or letter combinations) that represent those sounds. Learners apply this knowledge to decode printed words.]]> 2023-01-31 03:20:29 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462385486 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462387078 The ability to act (speak, read, write) with ease and accuracy. Research indicates that oral reading fluency is the ability to read text accurately, with sufficient speed, prosody, and expression. It is an essential component of reading because it permits the reader to focus on constructing meaning from the text rather than on decoding words. ]]> 2023-01-31 03:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462387078 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462390119 Knowledge of self, task, and genre. Also, awareness and knowledge of one's mental processes that allows one to monitor, regulate, and direct self to a desired end (adj. metacognitive).]]> 2023-01-31 03:27:11 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462390119 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462393610 The words known or used by a person or group or a set of words compiled from written or oral sources. Contrast this definition to that of lexicon, which is all the words of a language.]]> 2023-01-31 03:31:37 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2462393610 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497109804 The ability to detect and manipulate the smallest units (i.e., phonemes) of spoken language. For example, recognition that the word cat includes three distinct sounds or phonemes represents phonemic awareness. Individuals with phonemic awareness can blend phonemes to form spoken words, segment spoken words into their constituent phonemes, delete phonemes from spoken words, add phonemes, and substitute phonemes. ]]> 2023-02-27 22:30:54 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497109804 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497111467 Awareness of sounds of words in learning to read and spell. (Note: The constituents of words can be distinguished in three ways: (1) by syllables, as /bo˘ok/, (2) by onsets and rimes, as /b/ and /o˘ok/, or (3) by phonemes, as /b/ and /o˘o/ and /k/. (cf. phonemic awareness)]]> 2023-02-27 22:33:28 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497111467 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497113894 Teacher reads a story aloud and then stops to show pictures, ask questions, point out important ideas, note comprehension problems, and reread to clarify misunderstanding.]]> 2023-02-27 22:36:54 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497113894 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497116219 Words that a person can recognize and read quickly and automatically without the support of decoding.]]> 2023-02-27 22:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497116219 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497117793 Invented or inventive spelling involves using one's phonetic knowledge to make one's best written rendition of the word. ]]> 2023-02-27 22:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497117793 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497118843 Patterns of stress or intonation in language, such as the rising intonation at the end of a question in English. An important feature of oral reading.]]> 2023-02-27 22:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497118843 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497120020 Used to build phonological awareness skills in beginning readers. Words are segmented into individual sounds, or phonemes, and corresponding boxes are drawn to match each. For example, the word bat would have three corresponding boxes. A child listens to a pronunciation of the word and then moves a token or coin into the box for each corresponding sound or phoneme. (Elkonin, 1963)]]> 2023-02-27 22:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497120020 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497122106 The concept that letters or groups of letters in alphabetic orthographies (i.e., written systems) represent the phonemes (sounds) of spoken language.]]> 2023-02-27 22:48:32 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2497122106 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2502754875 Different ways of organizing the information in texts depending on their purpose. Common text structures include compare-contrast, problem-solution, cause-effect, time sequence (timeline), description, and chronology.]]> 2023-03-03 15:13:15 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2502754875 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2502755904 The three-tier framework (tiered vocabulary) was introduced by Isabel Beck and Margaret McKeown. Tier 1 words such as dog, book, and red are considered to be basic vocabulary, learned largely through oral language experiences, rather than formal instruction. Tier 2 words such as measure, fortunate, and accelerate appear in many domains and are often given the most instruction within reading because of their high use and their generalized use across disciplines. Tier 3 words such as isotope, crepe, and Tesla are unique to a particular domain and, therefore, do not appear in text with high frequency and, thus, usually receive limited instructional attention in reading. (Beck & McKeown, 1985; Beck, McKeown, & Kucan, 2002, 2013)]]> 2023-03-03 15:14:08 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2502755904 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2502762275 A theory of reading comprehension associated with Philip Gough and William Tunmer and is represented by the formula D × LC = R, which proposes that readers' comprehension of text depends on their capabilities to decode (D) and their oral language comprehension (LC). The theory indicates that if decoding and understanding of oral language are strong, readers will comprehend the text read. If either decoding or language understanding is weak, reading comprehension will be significantly reduced, and in some cases may not occur.]]> 2023-03-03 15:19:30 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2502762275 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510666659 Automatic word recognition]]> 2023-03-09 17:36:02 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510666659 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510671013 An effortless process beyond out awareness. Being able to recognize the word automatically by processing all the letter-sound associations simultaneously or recognizing the word as a whole unit.]]> 2023-03-09 17:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510671013 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510674483 Knowing what the words mean. Essential for comprehension and the relationship of vocabulary and comprehension is reciprocal.]]> 2023-03-09 17:41:32 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510674483 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510686369  In English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, and u. They are the speech sounds made without stoppage or friction of the air flow as it passes through the vocal tract, and the most prominent sounds in a syllable, as /ō/ in Joan.]]> 2023-03-09 17:50:09 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510686369 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510688164 Components of speech that are articulated by partial or complete closure of a part of the vocal tract. For English, consonants tend to have a regular or invariant pronunciation. For this reason, they are often the first letter sounds to be taught to children. In other languages, such as Spanish, vowel sounds have a more regular pronunciation than do consonants.]]> 2023-03-09 17:51:28 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510688164 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510690696 In a syllable, a sequence of two or more distinguishable consonant sounds before or after a vowel sound. For example, bl in black or nd in find. (See also consonant cluster)]]> 2023-03-09 17:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510690696 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510692237 A sequence of two or more distinguishable consonant sounds without an intervening vowel sound. For example, skr and mz in screams. (See also consonant blend)]]> 2023-03-09 17:54:35 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510692237 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510695894 The part of a syllable that includes the vowel and all subsequent sounds in the syllable, such as the ip in trip, at in hat, and in in chin.]]> 2023-03-09 17:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510695894 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510698718 The consonant sounds in a syllable that precede the vowel, such as tr in trip, sk in skip, h in hat, and ch in chin.]]> 2023-03-09 17:59:00 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510698718 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510704546 A symbol representing a vocal sound.]]> 2023-03-09 18:02:37 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510704546 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510707748 An additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning. ]]> 2023-03-09 18:04:40 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510707748 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510709133 A word, letter, or number placed before another]]> 2023-03-09 18:05:48 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510709133 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510710894 A morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivative. E.g., -action, -fy, -ing, -itis.]]> 2023-03-09 18:06:57 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510710894 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510712428 A meaningful linguistic unit that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful elements, such as the word book, or the plural component of a word, such as s in books. (adj. morphemic)]]> 2023-03-09 18:08:06 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510712428 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510716181 The study of structure and forms of words including derivation, inflection, and compounding. (adj. morphological)]]> 2023-03-09 18:10:48 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510716181 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510720058 Knowing that stems from previous experience; the knowledge someone already possesses prior to reading a text.]]> 2023-03-09 18:13:52 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510720058 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510724700 The Frayer model (Frayer, Frederick, & Klausmeier, 1969) is a technique used to teach vocabulary. It involves students completing a four-quadrant graphic organizer with the target term in the center. The first quadrant is where the definition is written. The second quadrant involves providing examples. The third quadrant is for including either nonexamples or nonessential characteristics. The fourth quadrant can be used for adding a sentence that expands the meaning or for drawing a picture that illustrates the meaning of the word.]]> 2023-03-09 18:17:13 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510724700 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510726124 When a student recognizes less than 85% of the words or when his or her comprehension falls below 50%, the student is considered to have reached the Frustration Level in reading]]> 2023-03-09 18:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510726124 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510726489 Analyzes and rates text based on a U.S. grade school education level]]> 2023-03-09 18:18:30 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510726489 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510727951 A response, usually oral, made by a reader to a word or phrase that varies from the expected response given the text being read. Miscues occur when readers make changes in pronunciation (letter–sound relationships), syntax (the flow of language) or semantics (meaning change). Kenneth Goodman, the originator of the term, has found that dialectical changes rarely affect meaning-change and also maintains that a reading miscue cannot be coded semantically acceptable if syntax is also not coded as acceptable, a conclusion that educators working with deaf readers have questioned. Historically, miscue analysis drew attention to the need to observe language learners closely before deciding on what instructional support to provide, a concept that unpinned the whole language movement in reading education.]]> 2023-03-09 18:19:39 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510727951 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510730455 The ease with which a reader can understand a written text. A text's readability is predicted on the basis of quantitative analysis of text features, such as vocabulary and syntax. A reader's prior knowledge, interest, and familiarity are nontextual factors that also affect one's reading of text.]]> 2023-03-09 18:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510730455 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510731729 Intentional actions taken by readers to enhance comprehension, particularly when reading a difficult text. Some popular strategies include visualizing, self-questioning, monitoring, summarizing, and using text structure.]]> 2023-03-09 18:22:46 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510731729 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510733583 A student's reading level is determined from an assessment, usually a running record or an informal reading inventory. The level is an attempt to match children with books that are optimal for effective small-group or individual instruction.]]> 2023-03-09 18:24:06 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510733583 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510734384 Measured by words read per minute, reading rate influences one's fluency and comprehension. Students' reading rate should increase continually during elementary school years.]]> 2023-03-09 18:24:46 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510734384 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510736617 Championed by Marie Clay within Reading Recovery as a means to assess a child's reading level by evaluating oral reading and comprehension through a tracking of error patterns. Currently, running records are ubiquitous. Fountas and Pinnell, among others, recommend the use of running records as a tool for coding, scoring, and analyzing a child’s precise reading behaviors throughout all stages of literacy development, from emergent to early to transitional to fluent to inform instructional decisions, especially for guided reading. (Clay, 1993a, 1993b, 2013; Fountas & Pinnell, 1996, 2009) ]]> 2023-03-09 18:26:25 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510736617 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510737491 A numeric representation of a text's readability or difficulty based on an assessment of its semantics (vocabulary) and syntactic features (sentence length, structure). The content sophistication or quality of the text is not included in the Lexile. For example, a reader's Lexile level is as assessment of the level or Lexile of text he or she can read independently.]]> 2023-03-09 18:27:06 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510737491 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510739360 The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, compute, and communicate using visual, audible, and digital materials across disciplines and in any context. Over time, literacy has been applied to a wide range of activities and appears as computer literacy, math literacy, or dietary literacy; in such contexts, it refers to basic knowledge of rather than to anything specific to reading and writing.]]> 2023-03-09 18:28:20 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510739360 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510740891 The base word gives the word its basic meaning. It is the part of the word that cannot be broken down and is sometimes known as a root word. Base words can have a prefix, which is a letter or letters added to the beginning (e.g., predawn, preview, review), or a suffix, which is a letter or letters added to the end (e.g., viewing, views, viewed).]]> 2023-03-09 18:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510740891 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510741846 A reference point used for measurement.]]> 2023-03-09 18:30:10 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510741846 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510743169  Combining units of sound (syllables, onsets and rimes, phonemes) to form a word.]]> 2023-03-09 18:31:08 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510743169 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510744189 A critical analysis of the form, craft, language, and meaning of a text to determine what it says, how it says it, and what it means in order to understand the deepest intentions of the author and the text's message.]]> 2023-03-09 18:32:01 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510744189 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510745366  A compound word is a combination of two or more words that become a new word. Three types of compounds exist: (1) closed compounds—written as single words, with no hyphenation, such as schoolhouse; (2) hyphenated compounds, such as up-to-date; (3) open compounds—written as separate words, such as the nouns real estate, city bus.]]> 2023-03-09 18:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510745366 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510748271 Hints provided by the author to support readers connecting their prior knowledge to interpret its vocabulary and message.]]> 2023-03-09 18:35:06 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510748271 meaboger1988 https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510749670 (1) Using one or more strategies to identify a printed word and its meaning; (2) Using knowledge of the logic of the written symbol system (especially letter–sound relationships and patterns in alphabetic orthographies) to translate print into speech; encoding involves translating speech into print using this knowledge.]]> 2023-03-09 18:36:07 UTC https://padlet.com/meaboger1988/n028t5f238fpcqta/wish/2510749670