[상황] My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.

[위기] We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down — that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

[극복]I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film(장편 영화), Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.

[교훈]Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

사랑과 상실

[상황]
내 두 번째 이야기는 사랑과 상실에 대한 것입니다. 나는 운이 좋았습니다. 인생에서 내가 사랑하는 일을 일찍 찾았으니까요. 워즈(Woz)와 나는 내가 20살이었을 때 부모님의 차고에서 애플을 시작했습니다. 우리는 열심히 일했고, 10년 만에 애플은 차고에서 시작한 두 명의 작은 팀에서 직원 4000명 규모의 20억 달러 기업으로 성장했습니다.

[위기]
우리는 막 최고의 창작물인 매킨토시를 출시했고, 나는 막 30살이 되었습니다. 그리고 그때 나는 해고당했습니다. 어떻게 자신이 창립한 회사에서 해고될 수 있을까요? 애플이 성장하면서 나는 함께 회사를 운영할 매우 유능한 사람을 고용했다고 생각했습니다. 처음 1년 정도는 모든 것이 순조롭게 진행되었습니다. 하지만 시간이 지나면서 우리의 미래에 대한 비전이 달라졌고, 결국 의견 충돌이 일어났습니다. 그리고 이 과정에서 이사회(Board of Directors)는 그 사람의 편을 들었습니다. 그래서 나는 30살에 회사에서 쫓겨났습니다. 그것도 아주 공개적으로 말이죠.

내 성인의 모든 시간을 바쳐온 것이 하루아침에 사라졌고, 그것은 정말 참담한 일이었습니다. 몇 개월 동안 나는 무엇을 해야 할지 전혀 몰랐습니다. 나는 이전 세대의 기업가들에게 큰 실망을 안겨준 것 같았고, 그들에게 넘겨받은 바통을 떨어뜨린 기분이었습니다. 나는 데이비드 패커드(David Packard)와 밥 노이스(Bob Noyce)를 만나 큰 실수를 저질렀다고 사과하기도 했습니다. 나는 모두가 보는 앞에서 실패했고, 심지어 실리콘밸리를 떠날 생각까지 했습니다. 하지만 시간이 흐르면서 서서히 깨닫게 된 것이 있었습니다. 나는 여전히 내가 하는 일을 사랑하고 있었습니다. 애플에서의 사건은 그것을 조금도 바꾸지 않았습니다. 나는 거절당했지만, 여전히 내가 하는 일에 사랑에 빠져 있었습니다. 그래서 나는 다시 시작하기로 결심했습니다.

[극복]
그때는 몰랐지만, 애플에서 해고당한 것은 내 인생에서 일어난 가장 좋은 일이었습니다. 성공해야 한다는 무거운 부담감이 사라지고, 다시 시작하는 초심자의 가벼움이 찾아왔습니다. 모든 것이 확실하지 않은 상태가 오히려 나를 자유롭게 했고, 내 인생에서 가장 창의적인 시기를 맞이할 수 있도록 해주었습니다.

그 후 5년 동안, 나는 NeXT라는 회사를 설립했고, 또 다른 회사인 Pixar를 만들었으며, 나의 아내가 된 놀라운 여성과 사랑에 빠졌습니다. Pixar는 세계 최초의 컴퓨터 애니메이션 장편 영화인 토이 스토리를 제작했고, 현재 가장 성공한 애니메이션 스튜디오가 되었습니다. 놀랍게도 애플이 NeXT를 인수하면서 나는 다시 애플로 돌아왔고, NeXT에서 개발한 기술이 애플의 부활 중심에 놓이게 되었습니다. 그리고 로렌과 나는 아름다운 가정을 이루었습니다.

만약 내가 애플에서 해고되지 않았다면 이 모든 일이 일어나지 않았을 것입니다. 그것은 정말 끔찍한 약이었지만, 환자에게 꼭 필요한 약이었던 셈입니다.

[교훈]
때때로 인생은 당신의 머리를 벽돌로 내리칩니다. 하지만 믿음을 잃지 마세요. 나를 버티게 한 유일한 것은 내가 하는 일을 사랑했다는 사실입니다. 당신은 반드시 당신이 사랑하는 것을 찾아야 합니다. 그것은 일에서도, 사랑에서도 마찬가지입니다.

당신의 일이 인생에서 큰 부분을 차지할 것입니다. 그리고 진정으로 만족하는 유일한 방법은 당신이 위대한 일이라고 믿는 일을 하는 것입니다. 그리고 위대한 일을 할 수 있는 유일한 방법은 당신이 하는 일을 사랑하는 것입니다.

아직 그것을 찾지 못했다면, 계속 찾아보세요. 멈추지 마세요. 사랑과 관련된 모든 일처럼, 당신이 찾았을 때 직감적으로 알게 될 것입니다. 그리고 훌륭한 관계처럼, 그것은 시간이 흐를수록 더욱 좋아질 것입니다. 그러니 계속해서 찾으세요. 멈추지 마세요.

1. 나의 의견

-성적보다 __ 이 중요하다

2. 그 이유

-

3. 관련 사례/예시

-

4. 한 문장 정리

-

You will be answering questions in the interview.

#Constraints(제약)

- Your responses should be concise and limited to 1 or 2 sentences

- Use CEFR B1 level words. However, some technical terms are allowed.

- Do not leave out any key ideas from the Q&A.

#Input(명령 내용)

Suppose you have profession suggested in Q1 and answer based on the Q&A Below.

Do not answer before I ask each question.

When I say end of the interview, print the conversation we’ve had.

#Q&A

1. What is your profession?

2. What motivated you to pursue this career?

3. What challenges did you overcome?

4. What was your proudest moment?

5. What strengths contributed to your success?

6. What are your core values?

7. What are your future plans?

8. Message from My Future Self

#Output

2. https://www.naturalreaders.com/online/

3. https://app.play.ht/voices/voice-library

1. 'Voice Library' 들어가서 대본 복사 후 붙여넣기 하기

2. 상단 바에서 속도 0.8x정도로 설정하기

3. 재생버튼 눌러 들어보기

2. https://www.naturalreaders.com/online/

3. https://app.play.ht/voices/voice-library

1. 'Voice Library' 들어가서 대본 복사 후 붙여넣기 하기

2. 상단 바에서 속도 0.8x정도로 설정하기

3. 재생버튼 눌러 들어보기

How much does politics affect your life? It might be a prevalent opinion that politics has no effect or that people are simply not interested in it. However, politics profoundly impacts our lives in countless ways. For example, political decisions made by government officials influence everything from education to healthcare, and politicians make decisions concerning schools, transportation, work, and benefits. Let's take the field of education as an initial example. The Minister of Education, Lee Ju-ho, recently announced a new education reform plan. This revision negatively impacted many students preparing for college entrance exams. While one might assume political influence is confined to the education sector, this is absolutely not the case. Beyond the educational examples mentioned, during the Participatory Government(Roh Moo hyun Government) era, many low-income individuals benefited greatly from the medical assistance program championed by Ryu Si-min, who was the Minister of Health and Welfare at the time. More recently, there has been the controversial medical reform. This reform concluded with an increase in the number of medical school students. Regarding this, Professor Lee Guk-jong commented that simply increasing the number of medical students does not necessarily equate to an increase in essential doctors, and it could make one-on-one mentoring classes more challenging.

As illustrated by the examples above, politics has innumerable effects on our daily lives. Therefore, it is important to take an interest in international politics and cultivate a willingness to participate in the political process.

Originally, I wasn't very interested in gaming tournaments. But after watching Faker win the 2023 League of Legends World Championship and witnessing the electrifying atmosphere shared by fans, I became truly captivated by esports.

Faker is a professional League of Legends player currently playing for T1. His legendary career includes five World Championship titles, two Mid-Season Invitational (MSI) victories, ten LCK championships, and a gold medal from the Asian Games. Even in 2024, he continued to demonstrate incredible focus under pressure, proving that he remains one of the best players in the world.

What makes Faker a symbol of esports is not only his skill but also his character. One well-known story involves him pausing his practice to help a late-arriving journalist get a good photo, pretending to be mid-game. Acts like these, along with his consistency, have earned him respect not just in esports but across the entire sports world.

Faker has also had a major impact on the esports industry as a whole. If SlayerS_BoxeR (Lim Yo-hwan) opened the door for Korean esports, Faker took it global. Esports now includes more tournaments, expanded broadcasting, advertising, merchandise, and even appearances in international events like the Asian Games.

Just as football has Messi and Ronaldo, esports has Faker. His legend is far from over, and he will continue to make history with fans around the world.

But now, artificial intelligence, or AI, can help solve this problem.
For example, some hospitals in Korea use AI to read X-rays and detect lung disease.
AI systems can quickly find problems and give doctors useful information.
This helps doctors work faster and make better decisions.

With AI, patients in rural areas can get medical help more quickly and safely.
They don’t have to travel long distances to big hospitals.
Even with fewer doctors, small clinics can still give good care with the help of AI.

In conclusion, AI is a great tool for improving rural healthcare.
It supports doctors, helps patients, and makes medical care faster, safer, and more equal.
I hope more local hospitals will use AI in the future.
Thank you for listening.

Do you think AI can replace medical professionals? With the advancement of AI and robotics, some predict that even doctors and nurses could be replaced by machines in the future. Today, I would like to explore why AI could replace some medical roles and how AI and medical professionals can work together to improve healthcare.

First, one of the main reasons AI might replace medical professionals is its growing ability to diagnose illnesses more accurately than humans. In fact, there are AI systems that diagnose brain disorders more precisely than some specialists and professors. Additionally, many hospitals are already using surgical robots that can perform operations with greater precision and delicacy than the human hand.

However, if medical professionals and AI work together, we could achieve even higher levels of medical technology and care. For example, AI could analyze a patient's condition, and then doctors could review the AI's results and make the final diagnosis based on their clinical experience. This would allow for faster and more accurate treatment.

Moreover, most people do not want to be cared for by robots that lack emotion. This is one reason why it's unlikely that nurses will be replaced by machines. If AI handles repetitive administrative tasks such as writing medical records, scheduling, and managing insurance claims, healthcare staff could focus more on patient care—just like nurses do. This shift would likely improve both patient satisfaction and recovery speed.

In conclusion, instead of completely replacing humans, if we combine AI with human experience and emotional intelligence, we can reach a higher standard of medical care. This will lead to fewer illnesses and deaths.

Thank you for listening.

Currently, the AI we use is 'Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)', which shows exceptional performance only in specific fields. For example, computers exist, and all current artificial intelligence falls under narrow AI.

The next stage is 'Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)', which implements human intelligence through computer information processing capabilities. At this stage, artificial intelligence can form consciousness.

The final stage is 'Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)', which surpasses the limits of human intelligence in every aspect.

The technological singularity occurs at the moment when AGI transitions to ASI. When AGI begins to improve itself, an 'intelligence explosion' occurs where increasingly smarter AI continues to enhance itself. This could surpass thousands of years of human development in just a few hours.

The technological singularity is not a choice, but an inevitability. What matters is not fearing it, but preparing and responding in ways that benefit humanity. Thank you.

Gaming is now a big part of many teenagers’ lives.

Have you ever played games for hours without realizing how much time passed?

I have and I know how fun it can be.

But like anything, too much of it can cause problems.

Today, I’d like to talk about how excessive gaming can affect teenagers physically, socially, and academically.

First, when we play too much, our bodies suffer.

Many teens experience eye strain from screens, and back or neck pain from sitting too long.

Lack of movement can lead to bad posture, tiredness, and even weight gain.

Also, gaming late at night can cause sleep problems and make us feel exhausted during the day.

Second, gaming can affect our social lives.

Some teens spend less time with friends and family, choosing games instead.

This may lead to loneliness or poor communication in real life.

Online games may seem social, but they can’t replace real conversations or deep connections.

Lastly, too much gaming can hurt school performance.

Students may feel sleepy in class or struggle to focus.

Homework might be rushed or skipped, and grades can drop.

Even top students may fall behind without good time management.

In conclusion, gaming is not bad—it can be fun and even helpful.

But if we play too much, it can harm our health, relationships, and future.

So let’s enjoy games in moderation and make sure they don’t take over our lives.

Introduction
Are you happy these days? If so, why?
Since entering high school, I’ve found it hard to say that I’ve truly lived a happy life. Day after day passed without anything particularly enjoyable, and I found little reason to laugh.

Then one day, a thought suddenly came to me:
“What if I just decide to find things fun?”
No matter what I was doing, I tried to think of it as fun and forced myself to laugh. Surprisingly, this simple shift had a powerful effect—my everyday life began to feel brighter and lighter.

So today, I want to talk about the power of laughter.
What is it about laughter that makes it such a powerful force?

Body
First, laughter has a positive social impact.
According to a study by Professor Roh-Hyun Koo at Konyang University titled “The Effect of Laughter Therapy on Reducing Depression and Stress in Adolescents”, a group of middle school students who participated in a one-month laughter program (eight hours total) showed significantly reduced stress in their relationships with family and friends compared to a control group. In other words, laughter can help improve our interpersonal relationships.

Second, laughter plays a beneficial role in our mental well-being.
A study by Professor Jang-Won Kim at CHA University found that even just making a smiling facial expression—without genuinely feeling happy—can reduce stress. That’s because our brains can be tricked by the facial muscles into thinking we’re actually happy.
So even a forced smile can eventually lead to real emotional relief.

Lastly, laughter helps us live healthier lives.
It reduces stress, promotes positive thinking, and even helps prevent depression. Laughter also boosts self-confidence and self-esteem.
Isn’t it amazing that all of this can be achieved just by laughing?

Conclusion
As we've seen, laughter brings positive effects both socially and mentally, improving our overall quality of life.
It doesn’t require any special tools, time, or place. So really, there’s no reason not to laugh.

Shall we all try laughing for five seconds right now? (Haha!)
That’s all. Thank you.

The first reason is financial trouble caused by excessive business expansion. Since its acquisition of Marvel in 2009, Disney began acquiring numerous companies and studios. During this expansion, some of the acquisitions were overly aggressive or poorly judged, leading to significant financial strain. To cover the resulting deficits, Disney initiated large-scale restructuring, which led to the departure of many talented employees. One notable example is the major restructuring that took place after Disney acquired 21st Century Fox.

The second reason is the lack of proper management over its subsidiaries, also stemming from overexpansion. As the company grew too large, it became harder to maintain consistent quality in franchises like Marvel and Star Wars. The decline in quality led to reduced investment, which in turn made it difficult to produce high-quality content — creating a vicious cycle.

The third reason is the overemphasis on political correctness (PC). Of course, political correctness isn’t inherently bad. But in recent years, Disney has increasingly prioritized PC messaging — often at the expense of the original storylines or themes. This shift has sparked backlash from audiences. For instance, the live-action remakes of The Little Mermaid and Snow White each recorded financial losses exceeding 100 billion KRW (roughly 100 million USD).

Against this backdrop, Disney has continued to suffer from the recent restructuring of Marvel Studios. As someone who has always loved Disney, I truly hope the company can overcome these issues and return to its former glory.

We currently treat politics as a sensitive topic.

But why should we feel hesitant to speak freely about it?

In the 20th presidential election, statistics clearly showed polarization based on gender and age.

We tend to view politics as a sensitive issue and avoid having conversations about it.

As a result, we become trapped in our own thoughts and create a situation where meaningful dialogue becomes impossible.

We need to engage in debates in our daily lives, compare our thoughts with those of others, and expand and refine our knowledge.

In fact, studies show that when young people actively express their opinions on social issues, it contributes to the development of a more democratic society.

Elections are a way to choose the leaders who will guide our nation. Without oversight, those in power may fail to lead the country properly, and corruption and injustice can become normalized in politics.

Although we are still students, we must study to develop a deeper understanding of politics.

To do that, we need to develop the ability to verify facts and recognize the truth.

And we must also correct our tendency to be easily swayed by manipulation.

In conclusion, in order to effectively monitor and criticize those in power and to make sound judgments based on facts, our conversations must naturally lead to political discussions.

Through ongoing interest and critical thinking, we may discover politicians who share our values and convictions, and gain the meaningful experience of supporting those with integrity and a strong sense of duty.

Currently, the AI we use is ‘Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)’, which shows exceptional performance only in specific fields. It cannot make independent judgments or engage in creative thinking. For example, computers exist, and all current artificial intelligence falls under narrow AI.

The next stage is ‘Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)’, which implements human intelligence through computer information processing capabilities and possesses performance abilities across all intellectual domains. At this stage, artificial intelligence can form consciousness.

The final stage is ‘Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)’, which surpasses the limits of human intelligence in every aspect.

The technological singularity occurs at the moment when AGI transitions to ASI. When AGI begins to improve itself, an ‘intelligence explosion’ occurs where increasingly smarter AI continues to enhance itself. This could surpass thousands of years of human development in just a few hours.

The technological singularity is not a choice, but an inevitability. What matters is not fearing it, but preparing and responding in ways that benefit humanity. Thank you.

Although motorsports may not be very popular in our country, they are actually one of the world’s top three sports. In this time, we’ll explore F1 — the very heart of motorsport. By the end of this time, F1 might just become your favorite sport!

F1 consists of 10 teams, and each team has two drivers. A race weekend is made up of Practice sessions 1, 2, and 3, followed by Qualifying and the main Race. During practice, drivers adapt to the circuit. In qualifying, drivers race against the clock to determine their starting positions on the race grid. Finally, during the race, drivers complete around 60 to 70 laps on a circuit. Only the top 10 finishers receive points, and the top 3 get the honor of standing on the podium.

These races take place across about 20 different countries around the world. After the final race of the season, the driver with the most points is crowned the Drivers’ Champion, and the team with the most points becomes the Constructors’ Champion.

Strategy also plays a crucial role in F1 races. Most teams make one or two pit stops during a race, and the timing of these stops can dramatically affect the outcome. There are different types of tires — soft, medium, and hard for dry conditions, and intermediate and wet tires for rainy weather. Watching how each team chooses their tire strategy adds an extra layer of excitement.

F1 races are grand national events. Celebrities, billionaires, and fans from around the world gather to watch the races. Wherever F1 goes, it brings with it its own unique culture and atmosphere.

It’s the sport of the fastest men on the planet— and you can enjoy it too.

We currently treat politics as a sensitive topic.

But why should we feel hesitant to speak freely about it?

In the 20th presidential election, statistics clearly showed polarization based on gender and age.

We tend to view politics as a sensitive issue and avoid having conversations about it.

As a result, we become trapped in our own thoughts and create a situation where meaningful dialogue becomes impossible.

We need to engage in debates in our daily lives, compare our thoughts with those of others, and expand and refine our knowledge.

In fact, studies show that when young people actively express their opinions on social issues, it contributes to the development of a more democratic society.

Elections are a way to choose the leaders who will guide our nation. Without oversight, those in power may fail to lead the country properly, and corruption and injustice can become normalized in politics.

Although we are still students, we must study to develop a deeper understanding of politics.

To do that, we need to develop the ability to verify facts and recognize the truth.

And we must also correct our tendency to be easily swayed by manipulation.

In conclusion, in order to effectively monitor and criticize those in power and to make sound judgments based on facts, our conversations must naturally lead to political discussions.

Through ongoing interest and critical thinking, we may discover politicians who share our values and convictions, and gain the meaningful experience of supporting those with integrity and a strong sense of duty.

Thank you for being here today. I’m excited to share something I’m really passionate about — fashion brands.

Have you ever noticed how everyone’s wearing different brands?

Even just looking around right now, you can see it.

When it comes to fashion, there are two main types of brands: designer brands and non-designer brands.

Today, I’d like to focus on designer brands.

As the name suggests, these brands are led by designers who don’t just follow trends — they create new styles and unique values.

That’s why their designs are often experimental, creative, and different from what we’re used to.

And because you’re not just buying clothes, but a concept and vision, the price is naturally higher.

Now, here’s where it gets interesting:

When a designer brand gets recognized in the fashion world, it starts gaining attention from the public as well.

Soon, some people — not necessarily because they love fashion, but because they’re into trends or want to stand out — start chasing the brand.

Not for the design, but just for the logo.

And designer brands? They catch onto this really fast.

That’s when they start using what we call “logo play” — putting their logos front and center on everything.

Why?

Because it works. It sells.

That’s why you see so many people these days wearing t-shirts with bold logos like

WOOYOUNGMI, Comme des Garçons, or Balenciaga.

But here’s the thing —

A lot of these brands blow up fast, become super hyped, and just as quickly, burn out.

They fade away after a short, intense run.

However, if a brand can make a comeback — not just once, but again and again —

if it can prove its value over time,

then we don’t just call it a designer brand anymore.

We call it a luxury brand.

Thank you for listening.

Thyroid hormones, particularly T3 (triiodothyronine), are vital for growth. They influence the production of growth factors and interact with growth hormones to promote development. Thyroid hormones can enhance the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone, which in turn stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a key mediator of growth. Additionally, thyroid hormones directly influence IGF-1 expression in various tissues, including bones and chondrocytes, enhancing the effects of growth hormone.

IGF-1 is a primary mediator of the effects of growth hormone. It stimulates systemic body growth and has growth-promoting effects on almost every cell in the body, especially skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, nerve, skin, hematopoietic, and lung cells. Its primary action is mediated by binding to its specific receptor, IGF1R, which is present on the surface of several cell types in a multitude of tissues. Binding to the IGF1R initiates intracellular signaling.

While genetics play a significant role in determining height, environmental factors such as nutrition, sleep, and exercise are crucial in supporting and enhancing growth. Understanding the interplay between thyroid hormones, growth hormones, and IGF-1 can provide insights into optimizing growth potential.

That's it. Thank you for listening.

Hello everyone, my name is Jiseon, and I’ll be giving today’s presentation.

When you hear the word war, what comes to mind? (Wait for a few responses from the audience.)

Most people tend to think about the horrors of war—its brutality, destruction, and the suffering it brings.

However, approaching war from other perspectives, such as economic or cultural viewpoints, can offer us a new understanding of why wars occur and, more importantly, why they must be avoided.

So in today’s presentation, I will talk about “The Economic Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on the Involved Countries and the World.”

Body

1. Economic Impact on Daily Life in the Warring Countries

Let’s begin by examining the economic effects of war on the everyday lives of citizens in the involved countries.

One of the most visible changes before and after war is the rise in the prices of essential goods.

But why does this happen? The reason is quite simple.

During war, a large number of people—especially men involved in food production—are drafted into military service.

As a result, the labor force for producing daily necessities decreases.

Additionally, it becomes harder to import raw materials due to the conflict, which further drives up prices.

According to BBC News, inflation in Russia surged by over 14% in 2022 as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war.

As we can see, war has a direct and significant economic impact on daily life through inflation and shortages.

2. Economic Impact on the Global Community

Second, let’s explore the economic consequences of the war on the international community.

The Russia-Ukraine war has had a broad impact across several areas:

First, the war created a global security crisis, shaking international stability and causing economic damage to many countries.

Second, the production and trade of military supplies have significantly increased.

Weapons are consumables, and war demands a massive quantity of them, which boosts military industries.

Third, there has been a notable rise in energy prices, especially for oil and natural gas.

Modern warfare relies heavily on machines, which require large amounts of fuel. As a result, the prices of diesel and natural gas have surged.

According to one academic paper, Europe used to depend on Russia for 25% of its natural resources and 43% of its natural gas.

Due to the war, Europe has been forced to alter its import routes and rethink its energy strategy.

Clearly, the Russia-Ukraine war has had economic consequences not only for the countries involved but for the entire world.

Conclusion

In today’s presentation, we looked at the economic impact of the Russia-Ukraine war from three different perspectives:

individual daily life, national economy, and the global community.

Exploring war from these new angles has been eye-opening for me, and I hope it has helped you realize that the consequences of war extend far beyond the borders of the countries involved.

Let us all continue to look at war through multiple lenses like this presentation, recognize its negative consequences, and strive to become global citizens who contribute to peace.

These days, many people think that volleyball is a sport only for tall people. But today, I’d like to break that stereotype by introducing some important volleyball techniques. The three main techniques in volleyball are spike, receive (or pass), and toss (or set).

Let’s start with the spike.
In attacking, footwork is very important. The last two steps—right foot, then left foot—are the key. When you spike the ball, your arm should swing like a whip. Also, using your wrist adds spin to the ball, which helps it land inside the court lines.

Next is the receive, also called a pass.
Posture is the most important thing here. Keep your arms straight and together, and bend your knees in a squat-like position with your feet shoulder-width apart. Depending on where the ball is coming from, sometimes your left foot may be slightly in front, and sometimes your right. Your arms should barely move—you should guide the ball using your body’s center of gravity to send it accurately to the setter.

The third technique is the toss, or set.
Setting requires delicacy, and finger injuries are quite common, so it must be done carefully. The technique involves quickly catching and releasing the ball in the air with both hands. A good set can greatly influence the team's attacking power, so it’s a very important skill. Setting doesn’t rely only on your hands—you can also use the power of your legs to control the ball.

So, we’ve looked at three key volleyball skills: spiking, receiving, and tossing.
Don’t you feel like playing volleyball now?

Thank you for listening to my presentation!

The first positive impact of SNS is the formation of a sense of connection with friends.
People who don't use SNS often find it difficult to relate to those who do. Therefore, by using SNS, we can form a common ground and strengthen our relationships.

The second is the enhancement of creativity and expressiveness.
By creating a personal space on SNS or posting content, individuals can express their creativity and showcase their unique traits.

The third is the improvement of self-esteem.
Since SNS is a platform where people connect with others, receiving positive feedback can boost self-esteem. Additionally, interacting with people on SNS helps individuals establish their identity.

Therefore, instead of only focusing on the negative impacts of SNS and holding a biased view, we should use it appropriately and responsibly.

That is all.

Success is usually a combination of various factors, such as a satisfying life, happiness, influence, and a sense of accomplishment. Success is not just about getting money or status, but also because you use your talents and abilities to achieve your goals, have a positive impact on others, and grow and develop.

Success requires several conditions, which are divided into three categories. First, consistency, and second, achieving goals. Third, you should cherish your time.

First, consistency is a way to grow little by little. If you keep getting ahead, you will one day recognize your abilities.

Second, achieve your goals. Achieving your goals is a way to achieve and succeed one by one. At first, aim for small things and gradually develop your goals to achieve them and get closer to success.

Third, cherish time. Time is the most important thing in order to succeed. This is because the future may vary depending on how you use your time.

You can succeed someday if you meet these conditions. This is because the world does not ignore working hard

Thank you.

Today I want to talk about two programming languages: C and Python.

Both are very popular, but they are different in many ways.

C is an old language. It is fast and powerful. Many operating systems, like Windows and Linux, are made with C. But C is not easy. You must write a lot of code, and small mistakes can cause big problems. C is good when you want full control of your program.

Python is much easier to learn. The code is simple and short. Many people use Python for web, games, and data work. Python is slower than C, but it saves time because writing code is faster. It is great for beginners.

C is better for speed and hardware control. Python is better for learning and quick work.

If you want to build something small and fast, C is a good choice. If you want to try new ideas or learn coding, Python is better.

In the end, both languages are useful. You can start with Python, then learn C when you are ready.

Thank you for listening!

1)School Life (학교생활)-그래프, 설문 차트

* How students manage stress during exams

* The most popular extracurricular activities at our school

* Smartphone use among teenagers

* How school uniforms affect students’ identity

* Changes in study habits after COVID-19

2)Career (진로)-그래프, 인포그래픽

* My dream job and why it inspires me

* Jobs that will disappear in the future

* The rise of digital nomads

* How AI will change future careers

* Why soft skills are important for success

3)World Cultures (세계 각국의 문화)-비교표, 지도

* Cultural differences in greetings

* Traditional festivals around the world

* Table manners in different countries

* The impact of K-pop on global culture

* How people celebrate New Year’s Day worldwide

4)Economy (경제)-막대그래프, 선 그래프

* The importance of saving and investing

* Why prices are rising: Understanding inflation

* Part-time jobs among teenagers

* The sharing economy: Uber, Airbnb, and more

* How online shopping changes the economy

5)Trade (무역)-지도, 비교표

* Why countries trade with each other

* Korea’s main export products

* The story of fair trade coffee

* The effects of global supply chains

* How free trade agreements work

6)Literature (문학)-구조도, 감정선 그래프, 인포그래픽

* What I learned from a novel or poem

* Comparing classic and modern literature

* The power of storytelling in movies and books

* How literature reflects society

* My favorite character and what they taught me

7)Science & Technology / AI (과학 기술·AI) -프로세스 도식화, 사진자료, 영상

* How AI is used in education

* The pros and cons of self-driving cars

* How smartphones have changed communication

* The impact of robots on daily life

* Future technologies that will change the world

1)School Life (학교생활)-그래프, 설문 차트

* How students manage stress during exams

* The most popular extracurricular activities at our school

* Smartphone use among teenagers

* How school uniforms affect students’ identity

* Changes in study habits after COVID-19

2)Career (진로)-그래프, 인포그래픽

* My dream job and why it inspires me

* Jobs that will disappear in the future

* The rise of digital nomads

* How AI will change future careers

* Why soft skills are important for success

3)World Cultures (세계 각국의 문화)-비교표, 지도

* Cultural differences in greetings

* Traditional festivals around the world

* Table manners in different countries

* The impact of K-pop on global culture

* How people celebrate New Year’s Day worldwide

4)Economy (경제)-막대그래프, 선 그래프

* The importance of saving and investing

* Why prices are rising: Understanding inflation

* Part-time jobs among teenagers

* The sharing economy: Uber, Airbnb, and more

* How online shopping changes the economy

5)Trade (무역)-지도, 비교표

* Why countries trade with each other

* Korea’s main export products

* The story of fair trade coffee

* The effects of global supply chains

* How free trade agreements work

6)Literature (문학)-구조도, 감정선 그래프, 인포그래픽

* What I learned from a novel or poem

* Comparing classic and modern literature

* The power of storytelling in movies and books

* How literature reflects society

* My favorite character and what they taught me

7)Science & Technology / AI (과학 기술·AI) -프로세스 도식화, 사진자료, 영상

* How AI is used in education

* The pros and cons of self-driving cars

* How smartphones have changed communication

* The impact of robots on daily life

* Future technologies that will change the world

#구조

Opening:

Thesis statement:

Body

Topic sentence 1:

시각자료 1:

Topic sentence 2:

시각자료 2:

Topic sentence 3:

시각자료 3:

Conclusion:

#구조

Opening

Thesis statement:

Body

Topic sentence 1:

시각자료 1:

Topic sentence 2:

시각자료 2:

Topic sentence 3:

시각자료 3:

Conclusion:

• Speaktor(무료, 발표용 자연 억양, 속도 조절 가능)

https://speaktor.com/app/dashboard/

• Notevibes (무료, 다운로드 가능)

https://notevibes.com/

• ElevenLabs (자연스러운 음성)

https://elevenlabs.io/app/home

ex) 2901 송형석

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1wMhC7WJCeDjVvdUsRA5O3poBlVXHqwzWrUR-88Z6hqY/edit?usp=sharing

Opening:Hello everyone.As our world continues to develop, we are using more and more electricity every day. From the lights in our homes to the devices we carry in our pockets, electricity powers almost everything we do.But while electricity makes our lives easier, our planet is suffering. The Earth is getting warmer, and part of the reason is the way we produce and use electricity.

Thesis Statement:Today, I will talk about how electricity use differs by country and how it contributes to global warming.

Body

Topic Sentence 1:First, let’s look at how electricity is produced and how this affects the environment.Most of the world’s electricity still comes from burning fossil fuels—such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere.Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can help reduce these emissions, but they are not yet used everywhere.

📸 Visual 1: (Show a photo of power plants—smoke rising from chimneys vs. solar panels and wind turbines)

Topic Sentence 2:Next, let’s compare electricity use among different countries.Developed nations, such as the United States and countries in Europe, use far more electricity per person than developing countries. For example, the average American uses almost ten times more electricity than someone in India.This uneven use of energy also means that some countries contribute much more to global warming than others.

📊 Visual 2: (Show a bar chart comparing electricity consumption per capita by country—e.g., U.S., China, India, Korea, etc.)

Topic Sentence 3:Finally, let’s look at the real-world effects of electricity production and what we can do to fix the problem.Because of greenhouse gas emissions, we are seeing more extreme weather—heat waves, floods, and rising sea levels. Cities are experiencing record temperatures, and ecosystems are being destroyed.To solve this, we must shift to cleaner energy sources, improve energy efficiency, and reduce unnecessary electricity use in our daily lives. Small actions—like turning off unused lights or using public transport—can make a big difference.

📸 Visual 3: (Show a photo of environmental damage—melting ice or wildfires—and an image of renewable energy solutions)

Conclusion:In conclusion, electricity is essential, but the way we produce and use it greatly affects our planet.If each of us makes an effort to use less electricity and support clean energy, we can help reduce global warming.Let’s save energy—and save our Earth.

Thank you.

Today, I want to talk about why AI creations should not get copyright.

AI looks smart, but it doesn’t really “create” by itself.

It learns from other people’s works, like songs, pictures, or stories, and then makes something new from them.

For example, in China, there was the Ultraman case.

An AI made pictures that looked almost the same as the famous hero Ultraman from Japan.

The court said this was copyright infringement, because the AI copied the old design without permission.

Another example is from the United States.

Some AI music apps, like Suno and Udio, used famous songs to train their systems.

They didn’t ask the artists first, and the AI made new songs that sounded almost the same.

So, the music companies sued them for using human songs without permission.

These cases show one thing:

AI always learns from human creativity.

It doesn’t have feelings, ideas, or imagination.

It only mixes and copies what people already made.

So, can we say an AI-made song or picture is 100% original?

I don’t think so.

If AI uses human works to make new things, those things are not truly its own.

That’s why AI creations should not get copyright.

Copyright should belong to humans, because only humans can feel, think, and create from their own minds.

Thank you for listening.

시각자료:

출처:

As electric vehicles become more common in our daily lives, they are often seen as the key to a cleaner and more sustainable future.

However, despite their eco-friendly image, many people still prefer traditional internal combustion engine cars.

Today, I will talk about why people still prefer internal combustion engine vehicles, even though electric cars are becoming more popular.

The first reason is the long charging time of electric vehicles.

While gasoline cars can be refueled in just a few minutes, electric cars can take from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the charger type.

For example, a Hyundai Ioniq 5 takes about 18 minutes to charge up to 80% with a super-fast charger,

but over 6 hours with a normal home charger.

This long waiting time makes electric cars inconvenient for many users.

The second reason is battery safety.

Recent data shows that EV fire accidents in Korea have increased from 1 case in 2017 to 23 cases in 2021,

as shown in the first graph from the National Assembly report.

Another chart shows that after the Incheon EV fire accident in August 2024, public favorability toward EVs dropped sharply—from 52.52% to 17.84%.

These incidents highlight that many people still worry about battery fire risks and thermal runaway problems.

Lastly, the lack of charging infrastructure remains a serious problem.

Although the number of EV chargers in Korea has grown to over 260,000 units,

they are still concentrated in large cities like Seoul and Busan, while rural areas have few or none.

This uneven distribution discourages people from buying EVs, since they fear running out of battery in places without chargers.

In conclusion, even though electric cars are improving rapidly,

long charging time, safety concerns, and lack of infrastructure still make people hesitant to switch.

If these issues are solved through better battery technology and nationwide charging networks,

electric cars will truly become the future of transportation.

As electric vehicles become more common in our daily lives, they are often seen as the key to a cleaner and more sustainable future.

However, despite their eco-friendly image, many people still prefer traditional internal combustion engine cars.

Today, I will talk about why people still prefer internal combustion engine vehicles, even though electric cars are becoming more popular.

The first reason is the long charging time of electric vehicles.

While gasoline cars can be refueled in just a few minutes, electric cars can take from 30 minutes to several hours depending on the charger type.

For example, a Hyundai Ioniq 5 takes about 18 minutes to charge up to 80% with a super-fast charger,

but over 6 hours with a normal home charger.

This long waiting time makes electric cars inconvenient for many users.

The second reason is battery safety.

Recent data shows that EV fire accidents in Korea have increased from 1 case in 2017 to 23 cases in 2021,

as shown in the first graph from the National Assembly report.

Another chart shows that after the Incheon EV fire accident in August 2024, public favorability toward EVs dropped sharply—from 52.52% to 17.84%.

These incidents highlight that many people still worry about battery fire risks and thermal runaway problems.

Lastly, the lack of charging infrastructure remains a serious problem.

Although the number of EV chargers in Korea has grown to over 260,000 units,

they are still concentrated in large cities like Seoul and Busan, while rural areas have few or none.

This uneven distribution discourages people from buying EVs, since they fear running out of battery in places without chargers.

In conclusion, even though electric cars are improving rapidly,

long charging time, safety concerns, and lack of infrastructure still make people hesitant to switch.

If these issues are solved through better battery technology and nationwide charging networks,

electric cars will truly become the future of transportation.

It might sound unbelievable, but in countries like the United States and Japan, people can actually trade parts of the sky.

This is called the Air Rights Trading System.

The Air Rights Trading System allows people to buy and sell the airspace above buildings.

For example, imagine two buildings. One can be built up to 10 stories, and the other only 5.

If the 5-story building owner sells their unused “air space” to the taller building, the 10-story one can be built even higher.

In short, this system helps cities use limited space more efficiently and design flexible skylines.

First, it maximizes land-use efficiency in crowded cities.

Even when there is no empty land, we can still use the “invisible resource” — the air above us.

Second, it helps preserve cultural and historical sites.

A low building near a cultural site can sell its air rights, while a building in another area uses them to grow taller.

This allows a balance between development and preservation.

Of course, there are disadvantages.

If air rights trading is not properly managed, too many tall buildings could be concentrated in one area.

This may cause sunlight problems and wind tunnel effects that affect nearby residents.

That’s why careful regulation and planning are essential.

Let’s look at a real example.

New York’s skyline is very dynamic, full of buildings with different heights and shapes.

It reflects creativity and flexibility.

In contrast, Seoul’s skyline looks almost like a straight line — buildings are similar in height and form.

If the Air Rights Trading System were introduced in Korea, our cities could develop more diverse, efficient, and visually interesting skylines, while still keeping harmony.

Although there are pros and cons, I believe introducing the Air Rights Trading System in Korea would make our cities smarter, more flexible, and more beautiful.

It could help us design skylines that represent both efficiency and creativity.

Thank you.

Do you remember who won the 2016 U.S. presidential election? It was President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence. But were you aware that his opponent at the time, Hillary Clinton, received approximately 2.87 million more votes? So, why did Donald Trump win the presidency instead of Hillary Clinton?

First, and most crucially, unlike Korea, in the U.S., the candidate who receives the most votes nationwide does not automatically become president. This is the biggest difference from our own presidential elections. The U.S. elects its president and vice president through a system called the Electoral College. The U.S. is a federal republic comprising 50 states and one special district. Each state is allocated electoral votes proportional to its population. There are a total of 538 electoral votes, and a candidate needs to secure a majority of 270 or more to win the presidency.

Here lies the most important rule: the winner-take-all principle. For instance, let's assume Florida has 30 electoral votes. If the Democratic candidate receives 1,001 votes and the Republican candidate receives 1,000 votes, despite a mere one-vote difference, all 30 electoral votes are awarded to the Democratic candidate. In essence, the candidate who wins by even a single vote takes all the electoral votes allocated to that state.

Thus, the candidate who wins in each state takes all of that state's electoral votes, and the candidate who ultimately secures 270 or more electoral votes becomes president. Due to this unique election structure, the unusual phenomenon I mentioned earlier can occur: a candidate can win the nationwide popular vote but fail to become president.

This has occurred five times in U.S. history: Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election, Al Gore in the 2000 election, Grover Cleveland in the 1888 election, Samuel Tilden in the 1876 election, and Andrew Jackson in the 1824 election. The 1876 election, notably, was decided by a margin of just one electoral vote.

This phenomenon primarily stems from swing states, also known as battleground states, where it's difficult to predict which party will win. To draw a comparison to Korea, we have competitive regions like the Seoul Metropolitan Area and Chungcheong-do. For example, in Seoul mayoral elections, both conservative Oh Se-hoon and progressive Park Won-soon served extended terms. While a region might lean one way for a certain period, it can readily shift its allegiance in the subsequent election, illustrating the characteristic volatility of swing regions.

Therefore, candidates concentrate all their campaigning, resources, and advertising efforts on a few key swing states, rather than their home states or strongholds, because the outcome in these states can dramatically alter the overall election. Winning these states means they can sweep all the electoral votes. In conclusion, the U.S. presidential election can be viewed as a strategic game of securing electoral votes in each state.

Thank you for listening.

Have you ever noticed how many students catch a cold or feel tired when the season changes?

As the weather goes from hot to cold, or from winter to spring, our body needs time to adjust.

Today, I’d like to talk about how seasonal changes affect our health and what we can do to stay healthy.

When the weather changes, so does the temperature and humidity.

Our immune system becomes weaker because it tries to adapt to these sudden changes.

For example, in fall and spring, the dry air can hurt our throat and skin, and viruses spread more easily.

That’s why so many students get colds or have allergies during these times.

During exam season, students often sleep less and eat irregularly, which makes their body even weaker.

Moreover, when the temperature suddenly changes, the immune system drops further

Low immunity can cause headaches, fatigue, and even emotional stress.

Some students also skip meals or drink less water, making it harder for the body to fight off illness.

So, small daily habits are actually really important for our health.

There are three easy ways to stay strong when seasons change.

First, get enough sleep — at least 7 hours a day helps your immune cells recover.

Second, eat foods rich in vitamin C, like oranges or strawberries.

And third, try to exercise or walk outside for 10 minutes every day to improve blood circulation and reduce stress.

These habits may look simple, but nurses and doctors always say that prevention is the best medicine.

So next time the weather changes, remember: our body needs care

By keeping healthy habits, we can stay strong and focus better at school.

Let’s take care of ourselves this season — because good health is the first step to a happy life.

Or maybe Grammarly to check your writing?

These tools use AI, and they are already a big part of our school life.

Have you ever used ChatGPT to finish your homework faster?
Or maybe you used Grammarly to check your English writing?
These tools use artificial intelligence, or AI.
AI is already a big part of our daily school life.
We use it when we study, write, or even when we search for information.

 First, AI helps students study more effectively.

AI can make learning easier and more personal.
For example, ChatGPT can explain difficult topics in a simple and clear way.
If you don’t understand something, you can ask again, and it gives more examples or different explanations.
Grammarly helps students improve their writing by checking grammar, spelling, and even sentence style.
Some AI learning apps, like Khan Academy’s AI tutor, can make personal study plans based on what each student needs.
This means everyone can learn at their own pace — slower or faster, depending on their level.
So, AI helps students feel more confident and enjoy studying more.

 Second, AI also supports teachers in many ways.

Teachers can use AI to save time and make lessons better.
For example, AI can automatically grade homework or tests, so teachers don’t need to spend hours marking papers.
They can use that time to help students understand lessons more deeply.
AI can also give teachers data about which students need more help.
This helps them create lessons that fit everyone’s needs.
However, there are some challenges too.
If students rely too much on AI, they might stop thinking for themselves.
And not every school has access to AI tools, which can make education unfair for some students.

 A bar graph showing how AI helps teachers.

 Finally, AI is creating new questions about ethics in education.

Some students use AI to write essays or do homework for them.
This is not real learning — it’s cheating.
Schools need to make clear rules about when and how students can use AI.
We also have to think about privacy because AI systems collect a lot of data.
Students and teachers should learn to use AI responsibly and honestly.

 A pie chart showing student opinions about AI and cheating.

 In conclusion, AI is changing how we study and how teachers teach.
It can make learning more personal, faster, and more interesting.
But we must remember — AI is just a tool.
It should help us think, not think for us.
If we use AI wisely, it can make education more fun, creative, and effective for everyone.
Thank you for listening!

👉 What if an ice age began… tomorrow?

Hard to believe, right? But don’t worry too much.

Our planet has its own defense system — Earth’s self-purification mechanism.

It quietly keeps our world in balance every single day.

Today, let’s explore how it works — and why it’s so important for our future.

⸻

1️⃣ Earth’s Energy Balance

[Visual 1: Diagram of Earth’s energy circulation]

Earth maintains its energy balance through the movement of air and oceans.

Warm air from the equator flows toward the poles,

and cold air from the poles moves back toward the equator.

At the same time, ocean currents carry heat around the globe.

For example, the Gulf Stream brings warm water to Europe —

that’s why its climate is milder than other regions at the same latitude.

Thanks to this global circulation, Earth avoids extreme temperatures

and stays habitable for life.

⸻

2️⃣ The Role of Ice and Global Warming

[Visual 2: Image from The Day After Tomorrow]

But what happens if this balance is broken?

If global warming continues, polar ice caps will melt rapidly.

Glaciers aren’t just frozen water — they reflect sunlight and keep our planet cool.

They also help regulate ocean salinity.

When too much ice melts, seawater becomes less salty,

which can disrupt ocean currents.

The movie The Day After Tomorrow shows an extreme version of this idea —

but the science behind it is very real.

⸻

3️⃣ A World of Extremes

[Visual 3: Frozen poles and overheated equator illustration]

If ocean circulation weakens or stops,

polar regions could lose their energy supply — leading to a new ice age.

Meanwhile, the equatorial regions might face intense heat waves,

as too much energy stays trapped there.

So in short, if Earth’s natural self-regulation fails,

our planet could become a world of climate extremes.

⸻

Conclusion

Earth’s self-purification mechanism is truly amazing.

It keeps balance — of temperature, air, and water — without us even noticing.

But if we destroy that balance through pollution and carbon emissions,

we could face catastrophic consequences.

On the other hand, if we understand and protect our planet,

👉 Earth will protect us in return.

So let’s take care of our home —

and we’ll all live happily and safely for generations to come.

Thank you

Good morning everyone, do you know about FTA? Due to tariffs imposed by Trump, more people have come to know ‘FTA’ , but many still don’t understand what it actually is or how it affects the economy. FTA is an agreement that lowers or eliminates trade barriers, such as goods, services, and investments, between countries that have signed an agreement. Free trade agreements are one of the most important tools for modern economies to deepen international cooperation.

Thesis statement: Therefore, I will discuss how free trade agreements (FTAs) influence Korea’s domestic industries such as the automobile industry,and the agricultural industry

First, in the automobile sector, FTAs have significantly changed trade patterns. For example, under the KORUS FTA (the US-Korea Free Trade Agreement), Korea reduced tariffs on imported vehicles and auto parts, while the U.S. eliminated its 2.5 % passenger vehicle tariff in 2016. As a result, exports of Korean-made automobiles and auto parts to the U.S. increased, and global supply-chains became more integrated. Meanwhile, some concerns arose that cheaper imports might challenge domestic producers or lead to larger trade imbalances. In short, the FTA opened new export opportunities for the Korean automobile industry, but also increase competitive pressure

Second, in agriculture, FTAs have had more mixed effects. South Korea’s agricultural sector has traditionally been protected by high tariffs—about 57 % on average. Under the KORUS FTA, South Korea committed to reduce many tariffs and open access for U.S. agricultural exports, for example beef and prepared foods. As you can see, U.S exports of agricultural products to South Korea has increased. For Korean farmers, this meant increased competition from international producers. On the other hand, consumers benefited from greater variety and cheaper imported food. Therefore, FTAs have accelerated agricultural imports, increased competitiveness, and pressured traditional farming sectors in Korea.

In conclusion, free trade agreements exert significant influence on Korea’s domestic industries. In the automobile sector, they expand export opportunities but also intensify competition. In agriculture, they open markets but challenge protected domestic sectors. As we look ahead, Korea’s policymakers , industry leaders and citizens must balance openness with strategies that ensure sustainable domestic industries. Thank you for your attention.

시각자료 1 출처 : 한국무역협회

시각자료 2 출처 : Korea Economy Institute of America

The data economy refers to an economic system where data becomes a factor of production, just like labor, land, and capital.
We constantly generate data through smartphones and websites. Companies collect this data and analyze it using AI or algorithms to predict consumer behavior, improve services, and create new business models.
For example, YouTube recommends videos based on users’ viewing data.

Data allows companies to reduce costs, target customers more efficiently, and accelerate innovation.
Since data can be replicated at almost no cost, productivity can increase explosively.
In Korea, a data exchange platform has been established to help small and medium-sized enterprises make use of data. Public institutions are supporting businesses by opening up public data.
Eighty percent of small and medium-sized enterprises have benefited from public data, and it has played an important role in more than half of them.

However, the data economy also faces a major issue—privacy.
When data ownership and usage are unclear, ethical problems arise.

The data economy is not just a technological issue.
It’s about how information turns into value, how companies use it, and how society handles responsibility.
If we can understand and use data properly, we can build an economy where everyone can grow together.

Today, I’d like to talk about how students’ study habits have changed after COVID-19.

The pandemic didn’t just affect our health—it also transformed the way we learn, study, and focus every day.

We moved from classrooms full of friends and teachers to computer screens and quiet rooms at home.

These changes have had both positive and negative effects, but today, I will focus on the two major problems that appeared after COVID-19.

We are going to look at two main problems in students’ study habits after COVID-19:

first, a decline in concentration due to electronic device use,

and second, the widening gap in self-directed learning ability.

First,

During the pandemic, online and remote classes became the new normal.

Students spent hours staring at screens, switching between learning apps, YouTube, and social media.

As a result, our brains became used to constant stimulation and short bursts of information.

This led to shorter attention spans and quicker fatigue while studying.

In other words, we get tired faster and lose focus more easily than before.

Second,

Another major issue is the growing gap in self-directed learning.

Before COVID-19, teachers could help students manage their time, check their progress, and motivate them face-to-face.

However, during remote learning, students had to study on their own.

Those who were already good at organizing their time became even better,

while those who lacked study habits fell further behind.

This difference in self-discipline created a serious educational gap among students.

In conclusion, COVID-19 has greatly changed the way students study.

While technology allowed learning to continue during the pandemic, it also caused new problems—

a decline in concentration and a widening self-learning gap.

To solve these issues, we must learn how to use technology wisely and build better self-study habits.

If we do so, we can turn the challenges of COVID-19 into opportunities for smarter and more independent learning.

Thank you for listening.

https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200423041700004

https://www.hangyo.com/news/article.html?no=94701

https://edu.chosun.com/m/edu_article.html?contid=2021021601145

시각자료: 사진3개

출처: http://www.catoo.com/QnA/QnAServiceView.aspx?PageNo=1&Idx=197&Category=car&SearchForm=&SearchTitle= http://www.dynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=155812 https://kixxman.com/a-car-airbag

KILL, 동양일보, CATOO

These days, we live in a world where we can easily connect with people all around the globe, thanks to the development of the internet and transportation. In the past, living within one country might have been enough, but now traveling abroad, studying overseas, working internationally, and even communicating online have become very common. In such a world, speaking only one language can limit our ability to communicate and connect with others. That’s why the ability to speak two languages — in other words, being bilingual — is becoming increasingly important.

Learning a second language is not just about being able to speak more words; it’s about understanding different cultures and ways of thinking. For example, when we learn English, we also learn how English speakers express their thoughts and view the world. Likewise, when we study Japanese or Chinese, we come to understand the values and lifestyles of people from those countries. This ability to understand diverse cultures broadens our perspective as global citizens and helps us develop empathy and respect for others.

Moreover, being bilingual gives us a strong advantage in the job market. Many companies are expanding overseas or working with foreign partners, so they prefer employees who can communicate freely in more than one language. For instance, someone who speaks both English and Korean fluently can work in various fields such as international conferences, translation, and trade. In fact, people with foreign language skills often have more career opportunities and greater flexibility in choosing their jobs.

Studies have also shown that bilingual people tend to have better memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills. This is because the brain becomes more active when switching between two languages. In other words, learning another language not only improves our communication skills but also has positive effects on brain development.

In conclusion, being bilingual is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world, gain more opportunities, and grow as individuals. As the world becomes more interconnected, we should not limit ourselves to just one language but challenge ourselves to learn new ones.

To sum up, learning a second language is not just an option — it is a necessary skill for the future. The ability to understand different cultures and connect with the world is the true strength we all need to have.

Thank you.

There’s a saying that “wars are fought with money,” but spending more money doesn’t always mean building a stronger military.

In fact, some countries with relatively small defense budgets rank very high in military strength.

So, how much does money really determine a country’s military power?

First, when we look at defense spending, the United States, China, and Russia always occupy the top ranks.

These three nations have overwhelmingly large military budgets, so it’s natural that their military power is also among the highest.

However, South Korea ranks around 11th in defense spending but 4th in overall military strength.

This shows that our country achieves high efficiency through advanced technology, effective use of resources, and a strong defense industry, even with a limited budget.

Similarly, Türkiye ranks 17th in defense spending but 9th in military power.

Türkiye has been developing its own defense industry and has gained significant real combat experience, since it borders unstable regions like Syria and Iran.

On the other hand, countries like Germany and Japan, despite their large defense budgets, rank lower due to constitutional restrictions and defensive military policies.

In conclusion, while defense spending and military strength are somewhat related, they don’t perfectly align.

Spending more money doesn’t necessarily make a stronger army.

Technology, strategy, human resources, and efficient management are equally essential.

Therefore, the key is not the size of the budget, but how the funds are used.

There’s a saying that “wars are fought with money,” but spending more money doesn’t always mean building a stronger military.

In fact, some countries with relatively small defense budgets rank very high in military strength.

So, how much does money really determine a country’s military power?

First, when we look at defense spending, the United States, China, and Russia always occupy the top ranks.

These three nations have overwhelmingly large military budgets, so it’s natural that their military power is also among the highest.

However, South Korea ranks around 11th in defense spending but 4th in overall military strength.

This shows that our country achieves high efficiency through advanced technology, effective use of resources, and a strong defense industry, even with a limited budget.

Similarly, Türkiye ranks 17th in defense spending but 9th in military power.

Türkiye has been developing its own defense industry and has gained significant real combat experience, since it borders unstable regions like Syria and Iran.

On the other hand, countries like Germany and Japan, despite their large defense budgets, rank lower due to constitutional restrictions and defensive military policies.

In conclusion, while defense spending and military strength are somewhat related, they don’t perfectly align.

Spending more money doesn’t necessarily make a stronger army.

Technology, strategy, human resources, and efficient management are equally essential.

Therefore, the key is not the size of the budget, but how the funds are used.

국방비 순위 도표 - 직접 제작

What if an ice age began… tomorrow? Hard to believe, right? But don’t worry too much. Our planet has its own defense system

— Earth’s self-purification mechanism. It quietly keeps our world in balance every single day. Today, let’s explore how it works — and why it’s so important for our future.

1️⃣ [Visual 1]

Earth maintains its energy balance through the movement of air and oceans. Warm air from the equator flows toward the poles, and cold air from the poles moves back toward the equator. Ocean currents also transport heat around the globe. For example, the Gulf Stream warms Europe, making its climate milder than other regions at the same latitude.

Thanks to this global circulation, Earth avoids extreme temperatures and stays habitable for life.

2️⃣ [Visual 2]

Before we continue, let’s look at the climate trend today. Over the past century, Earth’s average temperature has been steadily increasing. In recent decades, this rise has become noticeably faster. This increase in temperature is an important sign that Earth’s climate balance is shifting.

3️⃣

Glaciers are not just large masses of frozen water. They help cool the planet by reflecting sunlight and they also play a key role in regulating ocean salinity. However, as global temperatures rise, polar ice is melting more rapidly. When large amounts of freshwater flow into the ocean, the salinity drops — and this can disrupt major ocean currents.

[Visual 3]

This idea is exaggerated in the movie The Day After Tomorrow, but the scientific basis behind the concern is real.

4.[ 읽는 도중에 Visual 4]

If ocean circulation weakens or stops, heat will no longer be evenly distributed across the planet. The poles may cool drastically, possibly leading to ice-age conditions, while equatorial regions could face extreme heat because too much thermal energy remains there. Earth could become a planet of climate extremes — hot regions becoming hotter, and cold regions becoming colder.

5.

Earth’s self-regulation system is incredible. It maintains balance — of temperature, air, and water — without us noticing. But if that balance is disturbed, the consequences can be dramatic and far-reaching. By understanding and protecting our planet, we ensure that Earth continues to protect us. Thank you.

시각자료1: 지구과학 교과서에 있는 태양 복사 에너지 양 그림

시각자료2: carbon brief(NASA에서 받은 정보로 보고서를 만드는 곳)에서 지구온난화로 인해서 온도가 상승하는 정도를 나타내는 그래프(근 200년 간)/ 원래도 상승했지만 근래에 들어서 상승 속도가 급격히 빨라짐을 강조

시각자료3: 영화 [투모로우] 속 한 장면, 자정 작용이 무너져 재발한 빙하기

시각자료4: 지구의 자정 작용이 무너졌을 때 적도의 에너지 과잉과 극지방의 에너지 부족이 심화되는 현상 구글 이미지

도표 ,사진

Recently, the government has provided livelihood support payments to help citizens cope with rising prices and a slowing economy. This policy increases people’s disposable income, which encourages spending and has positive effects on the economy, such as higher sales for small businesses and local markets. In some areas, studies have shown that consumption increased after the support payments were distributed.

However, there are also economic risks. When too much money is released into the market, demand can exceed supply, causing prices to rise. This is how inflation can occur. If production cannot immediately keep up with increased demand, the pressure on prices becomes even stronger.

In addition, because the government funds these payments by issuing national debt, excessive spending can lead to long-term financial burdens. Over time, this may increase future tax obligations and affect both price stability and fiscal health.

In conclusion, the livelihood support policy helps citizens and stimulates the economy in the short term, but it must be carefully managed to avoid inflation and long-term fiscal risks

Thank you.

시각자료:도표,그래프

출처:한국신용데이터,자본시장 이야기(책),BIS